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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kesimpulan umum tentang kemungkinan entitas politik di wilayah tak berpemerintahan membentuk otoritas alternatif, melalui studi kasus kelompok Ahrar Syam dalam perang Suriah selama 2011-2016. Untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan yang akurat, pesan-pesan Ahrar Syam dianalisis dengan teori citra dan teori identitas sosial. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Ahrar Syam adalah metamorfosis gerakan Salafi Jihadi yang terbuka terhadap kelompok luar dan strategi moderat untuk membentuk negara Islam di Suriah. Ahrar Syam tidak menerima negosiasi apa pun yang melibatkan rezim Suriah, sehingga beberapa upaya penyelesaian konflik menemui jalan buntu. Implikasi temuan ini, perang Suriah akan cenderung berlanjut dan solusi apa pun yang dipaksakan dari luar tidak akan mencerminkan realitas di dalam wilayah Suriah dan berakhir dengan kegagalan berulang.

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This study aims to find a conclusion about the possibility of political entities in the ungoverned territories forming an alternative authority, through case studies of Ahrar Sham group in Syria's war during the 2011-2016 war. To get an accurate conclusion, the messages of Ahrar Sham analyzed by image theory and social identity theory. The findings indicate that the Ahrar Sham is the metamorphosis of Salafi Jihadi movement that opens itself to the outside groups and implement a moderate strategy to establish Islamic state in Syria. Ahrar Sham does not accept any negotiations involving the Syrian regime, so some efforts to resolve the conflict ended in a stalemate. Implications of these findings, Syria's war would be likely to continue and any solution imposed from outside may not reflect the realities inside Syria and ended up with repeated failure."

"This study aims at empirically examining the extent to which Image Theory, initially developed as a theoretical basis for selecting a strategy or a decision, can be a theoretical basis for predicting a decision performance in two opposite frames: positive and negative. Image compatibility are employed to operationalize such a theory and the decision under study is progress decision represented by escalation of commitment. Thus, this study also empirically examines the connection between image compatibility and escalation of commitment as well as escalation of commitment as a mediator of the relationship between image compatibility and decision performance. The research context is Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that suffered from crisis in the past year (negative frame) yet has been recovered recently (positive frame). The respondents are 229 individual investors in IDX. They are involved in day-to-day decision making (progress decision making) with regard to their investment portofolio. The results of this study show that high image compatibility tends to lead to better decision performance in both frames. However, image compatibility may only positively affect the escalation of commitment in positive frame."