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"This article describes and analyzes the activities and impact of the Seikatsu Club movement in Japan, a social and political movement of Japanese women. Based on our analysis, we attempt to demonstrate the following conclusions: 1. The Seikatsu movement has been remarkable as a vehicle for recruiting and mobilizing women locally both in community activities and electoral politics. 2. For many women, participating in the public, political sphere is transformational and for a smaller minority, values and goals have been redefined and they have gained a new sense of empowerment. For the latter group of 'New Women', greater gender consciousness appears to be developing. 3. While the movement's goals and those of many individuals within it are challenging to prevailing Japanese politics and economics, there are contradictions. Organizationally, hierarchy and paternalistic male leadership have been dominant, despite the formally democratic structure. And aspects of the movement's ideology (e.g. linkage to domestic producers, non-professional housewives seeking electoral office) are profoundly conservative. 4. The movement has demonstrated considerable success at the ballot box in local areas in recent years, although its geographic scope and numerical depth remains limited. Still, it is among the few non-party groups of independents to attain increased representation at the local level. However, commitment to electoral rotation and income sharing may limit the growth of female professional politicians arising from the Seikatsu movement. 5. Seikatsu-elected proxies have achieved incremental policy impact on a number of issues at the local level and movement groups have become active as service providers and policy implementers as well through new administrative partnerships with sympathetic mayors and bureaucrats."

"Penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana satuan perangkat kerja daerah SKPD Pemerintah Kota Bogor berkoordinasi secara internal terkait proses perumusan kebijakan lalu-lintas Sistem Satu Arah SSA di Kota Bogor yang mencakup kawasan jalan sekitar Istana Bogor. Untuk menjelaskan hal tersebut, penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teori pilihan rasional, rasionalitas yang terkungkung, serta inkremental, yang dapat menggambarkan proses pembuatan kebijakan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan SSA merupakan bagian dari paket kebijakan Bogor Transportation Program B-TOP yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelancaran arus lalu-lintas di Istana Bogor, serta menjadi momentum bagi munculnya kebijakan transportasi lainnya dalam rangka usaha Pemkot Bogor untuk meningkatkan potensi penerimaan asli daerah PAD dari sektor pariwisata. Namun, kebijakan SSA disusun dengan data dan waktu yang terbatas. Sehingga di dalam proses pembuatan kebijakannya, tidak ada kebijakan alternatif yang disusun, serta adanya pihak yang tidak dilibatkan dalam perumusan teknis dalam kebijakan SSA turut membuat kebijakan ini tidak maksimal. Hal ini pun terlihat ketika terjadi kemacetan di sekeliling Istana Bogor selama tiga hari pertama uji coba kebijakan SSA yang dimulai pada 1 April 2016, sehingga SKPD terkait harus kembali melakukan koordinasi teknis secara detil yang notabene dapat dilakukan jauh pada saat kebijakan SSA sedang dirumuskan.

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This thesis explains how the regional work unit SKPD of Bogor City Government coordinates internally related to the process of formulation of One Way Traffic Policy SSA in Bogor City, which covers the road area surrounding Bogor Presidential Palace. This qualitative researach applies the theory of rational choice, bounded rationality, and incremental, that leads to the policy making process. This research finds that SSA policy is a part of policy package called Bogor Transportation Program B TOP that aimed to improving the traffic flow surround Bogor Presidential Palace, as well as become the momentum for other transportation policies in order to increase the potential income for regional government PAD from the tourism. However, SSA policy formulated with limited data and time. Thus, in the process of policy making, no alternative policy is formulated, and work units who are not involved in the technical formulation in SSA policy also make this policy rsquo s outcome seems unsatisfied. The evidence show when there is congestion around the Bogor Presidential Palace during the first three days of SSA policy trial that begins on April 1st, 2016, causing the related SKPD must re do technical coordination in detail which in fact could be done far away when the SSA policy is being formulated. Keywords Bogor City, One Way traffic policy, traffic management, public policy formulation, rational choice, bounded rationality, incremental policy."