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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang faktor-faktor yang dapat menghambat perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Penelitian ini, khususnya, ditujukan untuk menganalisa perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao di Indonesia setelah penerapan bea keluar terhadap ekspor biji kakao (bahan baku bagi produk-produk olahan kakao); bagaimana respon dari industri tersebut dan bagaimana distribusi harga diantara para pelaku dalam rantai nilai kakao-coklat di Indonesia. Pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif digunakan dalam analisa penelitian ini. Analisa kualitatif digunakan untuk melihat secara deskriptif pola ekspor kakao Indonesia, sebagai gambaran dari perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Selain itu, metode kualitatif juga digunakan untuk menganalisa rantai nilai dari Kakao-Coklat di Indonesia. Analisa deskriptif juga dilakukan terhadap trend harga biji kakao untuk melihat pembagian harga dan resiko antar pelaku dalam rantai nilai kakao Indonesia akibat penerapan bea keluar ekspor biji kakao dan perubahan harga dunia biji kakao. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan untuk melihat apakah penerapan bea keluar tersebut mempengaruhi perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia, melalui penawaran ekspor dari produk-produk olahan kakao Indonesia. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pasokan biji kakao yang tidak cukup untuk pasar domestik, hambatan berupa bea masuk oleh negara-negara EU, dan permasalahan transportasi adalah permasalahan utama yang dapat menghambat perkembangan industri pengolahan kakao Indonesia. Dapat disimpulkan juga bahwa penerapan bea keluar untuk ekspor biji kakao adalah regulasi yang sangat efektif untuk menurunkan ketergantungan terhadap ekspor bahan baku pada ekspor produk kakao Indonesia dan mendorong pengolahan domestik kakao dengan peningkatan ekspor produk-produk olahan kakao. Selain itu, penerapan bea keluar dan fluktuasi harga dunia untuk biji kakao dipandang menguntungkan pemerintah dan industri pengolahan kakao, tapi menyebabkan kerugian bagi eksporter biji kakao dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap petani. Namun, suatu mekanisme penetapan harga yang lebih baik antara petani dan industri serta efektifitas dari keberadaan asosiasi atau organisasi petani dapat menjadi solusi untuk membuat petani memperoleh keuntungan dari penerapan bea keluar tersebut

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ABSTRACT
This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among stakeholders. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of the Indonesian cocoa products. Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers. However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and the presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be a solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition.;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among stakeholders. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of the Indonesian cocoa products. Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers. However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and the presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be a solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among stakeholders. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of the Indonesian cocoa products. Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers. However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and the presence of an effective farmer?s association or organization could be a solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition;This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among stakeholders. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of the Indonesian cocoa products. Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers. However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and the presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be a solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition, This paper aims to answer a question regarding factors that can hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. Specifically, the paper is intended to analyze the development of cocoa processing industries in Indonesia due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans (raw material for cocoa processing products); how they respond and how the price distribution among stakeholders. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of this paper. The qualitative analysis is used to see descriptively the pattern of the Indonesian cocoa exports, as the picture of the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry, and analyze the Indonesian cocoa-chocolate value chain, specifically the processing of cocoa in domestic market. Descriptive analysis is also done for the trend of cocoa beans price to see the share of price and risk between stakeholders in Indonesian cocoa value chain due to the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans and the changes in the world price of cocoa beans. Quantitative analysis is done to see whether the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans affects the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industries, through export supply of the Indonesian cocoa products. Result of the analysis shows that insufficient supply of cocoa beans for domestic market, barriers in the form of import duty by the EU countries, and transportation problems are the major problems that could hinder the development of Indonesian cocoa processing industry. The analysis also concludes that the introduction of export tax on cocoa beans is an effective regulation to decrease the dependence on the export of raw material of cocoa exports and encourage the domestic processing of cocoa beans by increase the export of cocoa processing products. In addition, the imposition of the tax and fluctuation on the world price of cocoa beans is evaluated to be benefited for the government and the processors, but causes loss on the exporters of cocoa beans and gives no effect to the farmers. However, a better price mechanism between the farmers and the processors and the presence of an effective farmer’s association or organization could be a solution to make the farmers gain benefit of the export tax imposition]