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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Most of the countries in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of the Europea Union (EU) experienced currency overvaluation and high production costs betwwen 2003 adn 2011, which increased their current account deficits. Despite not being an EMU member, Turkey's current account dificit increased in parallel with those of most EMU countries. Although Turkey experienced technological upgrades that changed low- and medium-tech industries into mediun- and high-tech industries, increasing exports relative to those of EU countries, it also expereinced a high trade deficit, the highest unit labor cost growth in export goods, an one of the most overvalued currencies. Its high production coast, overvalued currency, and industrialpolicies in he transport equipment industry following technological change combined with insufficient investment in the promotion of low- and medium-tech industries worssened Turkey's trade deficit in the 2000s. Thereofre, to increase its ability to compete with EU economies and reduce its trade deficit, Turkey must implement new instituonal changes to fix its wage rate growth to the productivity growth of export goods and design new policies in those industries where the trade deficid was stimulated.

Abstrak :

Sejarah pelaksanaan pemungutan suara di luar negeri oleh pemerintah Indonesia sudah dimulai sejak beberapa dekade terakhir. Sebagai negara berkembang dengan peningkatan demokrasi, pelaksanaan pemungutan suara di luar negeri oleh negara ini perlu dikaji. Dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif data makro dan survei kuesioner di Tokyo, studi ini mencoba menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut: Bagaimana pelaksanaan pemungutan suara di luar negeri oleh pemerintah Indonesia? Bagaimana pemilihnya Dan bagaimana pendaftaran, administrasi, fasilitasi pemungutan suara, dan metode pemungutan suara mempengaruhi partisipasi pemilih di luar negeri pada pemilihan di negara asal Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah menyiapkan sumber daya yang cukup besar untuk memfasilitasi pemungutan suara di luar negeri. Meski demikian, hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa fasilitasi tersebut masih kurang jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah pemilih. Meskipun warga yang berpendidikan tinggi cenderung memiliki kesadaran yang tinggi tentang pemilihan negara asal, beberapa masalah dalam fasilitasi pemungutan suara dapat menghalangi mereka dalam menggunakan hak suaranya.

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The history of external voting by the Indonesian government dates back to the last few decades. As an emerging country with increasing democracy, the implementation of external voting in this country needs to be studied. Using qualitative analysis of macro data and questionnaire survey in Tokyo, this study attempts to address the following questions: How is the implementation of external voting by the Indonesian government? How is the voter And how does the registration, administration, voting facilitation, and voting method influence voter participation in home country elections The findings suggest that the government provide a lot of resource to facilitate external voting. Nevertheless, survey results revealed that some facilitation was inadequate compare to the number of voters. Although highly educated citizens tend to have a high awareness of home country election, some problems in voting facilitation might prevent them from voting.