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"This study aims to examine the impact of the Conditional Cash Transfer for Poor Students (CCTPS) program on child labor in Indonesia, as measured by the number of working hours per week. This study utilizes the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) dataset from 2014. Instrumental Variables (IV) approach employed to assess the impact of the CCTPS program on child labor, using orphans, students' head of households employment status, students' households that were beneficiaries of the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) or Family Hope Program (FPH), students with physical disabilities, and students' households that were victims of natural disasters as the instruments. The findings indicate that CCTPS has a substantial impact on the weekly working hours of children, leading to a significant rise.

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Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak program Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM) terhadap pekerja anak di Indonesia, yang diukur dari jumlah jam kerja per minggu. Studi ini menggunakan dataset Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang kelima dari tahun 2014. Pendekatan Instrumental Variables (IV) digunakan untuk menilai dampak program BSM terhadap pekerja anak, dengan menggunakan anak yatim dan/atau piatu, status pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga siswa, rumah tangga siswa yang merupakan penerima manfaat Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), siswa penyandang disabilitas fisik, dan rumah tangga siswa yang menjadi korban bencana alam sebagai instrumen. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa BSM memiliki dampak substansial terhadap jam kerja mingguan anak-anak, yang menyebabkan peningkatan yang signifikan.

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"This study explores whether teenagers? traditional media use timehas been affected by smartphone use time. Drawing on the Korean Media PanelSurvey from 2011 to 2014, we specify two models?a two-stage least squares(2SLS) and a two-stage least squares with individual fixed effects (2SLS-FE)?and compare the estimates. The estimates from the 2SLS model show thatteenagers? smartphone use time has a substitution effect on book reading time,computer use time, and TV watching time, while the estimates from the 2SLSFEmodel show that teenagers? smartphone use time has a substitution effect onteenagers? book reading time and computer use time but no significant effect ontheir TV watching time."

"Remitansi merupakan outcome dari fenomena migrasi yang efeknya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga migran, sehingga dapat memengaruhi alokasi dana untuk pendidikan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara empiris pengaruh remitansi terhadap pendidikan anak serta mengidentifikasi perbedaan pendidikan anak pada rumah tangga penerima remitansi dan non penerima remitansi. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) gelombang 5 yang dikumpulkan pada tahun 2014. Untuk mengatasi permasalah endogenitas pada variabel remitansi digunakan instrumen variabel yaitu traditional migrant-sending district dan deviasi curah hujan. Dengan menggunakan metode recursive bivariate probit, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa remitansi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pendidikan anak. Pengaruh negatif remitansi dapat dijelaskan dari perbedaan karakteristik rumah tangga penerima remitansi dan non penerima remitansi. Selain itu pengaruh negatif remitansi terhadap pendidikan juga bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti absenya orang tua dalam rumah tangga, kondisi pasar tenaga kerja, dan adanya efek insentif.

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Remmitances are direct outcome of the migration that can increase the income of the migrant households. Therefore, it affects the budget allocation for their children's education. This research aims to empirically study the effect of remittances on children's education and identify differences in children's education in remittance-receiving households and non-remittance-receiving households. We use data from the 5th batch of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) which was collected in 2014. To overcome the endogeneity problem in the remittance variable, instrumental vareables are used, namely traditional migrant-sending district and rainfall deviation. Using the recursive bivariate probit method, this study showed that remittances negatively and significantly effected children's education. The negative effect of remittances can be explained from the differences in the characteristics of remittance-receiving households and non-remittance-receiving households. In addition, the negative effect of remittances on education can also be caused by several factors such as parental absence, labor market conditions, and the incentive effects.

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