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"The excessive use of pesticides in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s caused serious environmental problems such as acute and chronic human pesticide poisoning, animal poisoning and contaminated agricultural products, destruction of both beneficial natural parasites and pest predators, and pesticide resistance in pests. To overcome these environmental problems, since 1989 the Indonesian government has actively adopted a strategy of integrated pest management (IPM). During the first few years of the 1PM program's implementation, the program has been able to help farmers reduce the use of pesticides by approximately 56 percent, and increase yields by approximately 10 percent. However, economic literature that analyzes the impact of the IPM program on household incomes and national economic performance is very limited. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the IPM program on Indonesian economic growth and household incomes for different socioeconomic groups.Introduction The chronic food shortage during the first two decades of Indonesian independence (1945-1965) stimulated the Indonesian government to establish a comprehensive food intensification program as a national priority. Achieving and maintaining self-sufficiency in food, increasing farmers' income, and providing strong support for the rapidly expanding industrial and service sectors were the main goals of this food intensification program (Oka, 1995). The food intensification program included large-scale adoption of high-yielding modern seed varieties, development of irrigation systems, expansion of food crop producing areas, increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, expansion of agricultural extension services, establishment of farmer cooperatives and input subsidies, and stabilization of national food crop prices (Oka, 1991).During the 1970s and 1980s, this food intensification program caused food crap production to grow at an annual rate of approximately 3.74 percent (CBS, 1973-1991). A major miracle occurred in rice production. Pushing the average annual growth rate of rice production to approximately 4.67 percent, the rice intensification program transformed Indonesia from the world's largest importer of rice, importing approximately two million tons per year by the end of the 1970s, to self-sufficiency in 1983 (Oka, 1991 and 1995)."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak program TJSK terpadu dan bersifat pemberdayaan yang mengacu pada pedoman program pemberdayaan dalam PROPER. Literatur mengenai evaluasi program TJSK kurang membahas mengenai efektivitas program terpadu. Selain itu studi sebelumnya juga cenderung melihat bahwa PROPER adalah rujukan pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan yang baik di level operasional dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas program pemberdayaan. Dengan mengkombinasikan secara komprehensif beberapa alat evaluasi evaluasi seperti means-ends, SWOT, dan gap, studi ini ingin melihat sejauh mana program “Desa Binaan” yang mengikuti prosedur PROPER bisa mencapai tujuannya meningkatkan kondisi penerima manfaat, dan mendorong peningkatan kapasitas mereka untuk mandiri. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode kualitatif, yang ditunjang penggunaan metode most significant change untuk mendalami aspek dampak program secara tangible dan intangible. Hasil evaluasi menunjukan bahwa pengelolaan program secara prosedural sudah relatif sesuai dengan tahapan dan karakteristik program comdev dalam pedoman PROPER dan memperlihatkan dampak peningkatan kondisi ekonomi penerima manfaat, walaupun dalam lingkup terbatas. Namun partisipasi masyarakat yang rendah dan capacity building yang terbatas menunjukan bahwa secara substantif belum mencerminkan program yang baik dalam parameter program pemberdayaan yang berkelanjutan. Secara teoritik hal ini menunjukan bahwa upaya mendorong program pemberdayaan masyarakat secara otoritatif-top down dengan aturan legal tertentu, berisiko membuat pelaksanaannya menjadi prosedural dan tidak mencapai substansi pemberdayaan yang dimaksudkan.

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This study aims to guide the impact of the integrated and empowering CSR program which refers to the empowerment program in PROPER. The literature on the evaluation of the CSR program does not discuss enough the effectiveness of the integrated program. In addition, previous studies also saw that PROPER is a good

reference for implementing empowerment programs at the operational level and can improve the quality of empowerment programs. By comprehensively combining several evaluation evaluation tools such as means-ends, SWOT, and gaps. This study wants to see the extent to which the "Desa Binaan" program that follows the PROPER

procedure to achieve the conditions of the beneficiaries, and encourage the improvement of their ability to be independent. Data were collected using qualitative methods, which were supported by the use of the most significant change method to explore aspects of the program's real and intangible impacts. The evaluation results

show that the procedural management of the program is relatively in accordance with the stages and characteristics of the comdev program in the PROPER guidelines and the impact of improving the economic conditions of the beneficiaries, although in a limited scope. However, the low community participation and limited capacity building show that substantively it has not reflected a good program in the parameters of a sustainable empowerment program. Theoretically, this shows that efforts to encourage community empowerment programs in an authoritative-top-down manner with certain rules run the risk of making their implementation procedural and not achieving the substance of empowerment."

"ABSTRACT

Correlation between Integrated Program of Mother-Child Health and Nutrition, Fieldworker, Number of Iron Tablets and Low Iron Consumption of Pregnant Mothers in Six Bekasi Public Health CentersAnemic prevalence in Indonesia amounting to 63.5 % is mostly caused by iron deficiency. Iron deficiency in pregnancy causes high risk effects to the human resources involved namely in the form of ill health in the mother as well as the baby even causing death in some cases. This state of iron deficiency can be prevented and cured by providing iron tablets through public health centers (puskesmas), sub-puskesmas and integrated health services.

This research was done cross sectionally using a quantitative approach and descriptive analysis. Only 6 puskesmas were researched out of random sampling towards 40 problem puskesmas (iron content less than 80 %).

Research results show that statistically there is significant relations between the Integrated Program of Mother-Child Health and Nutrition and number of iron tablets consumed. This also applies to the sub-variables i.e. fieldworker in the aspects of qualifications, tenure, double duties, and level of knowledge.

There is no significance in the relations between number, level of training and attitude of the fieldworker with the low level of iron content in pregnant women.

This research should not only use the quantitative approach, but should also use a qualitative one. To obtain a general picture, we suggest a research done to all 40 problem puskesmas.

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ABSTRAKPrevalensi anemia di Indonesia sebesar 63,5 % yang sebagian besar disebabkan defisiensi Fe. Akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh defisiensi Fe pada masa kehamilan yaitu membawa resiko terhadap sumber daya manusia baik terhadap ibu atau bayi yang akan dilahirkan menjadi tidak cukup sehat bahkan membawa kematian bagi ibu dan bayinya. Defisiensi Fe ini dapat dicegah dan diobati dengan pemberian zat besi melalui Puskesmas, Puskesmas pembantu, dan Posyandu.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan Cross Sectional dengan pendekatan secara kuantitatif dan dianalisa secara diskriptif. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan di 6 Puskesmas saja yang terpilih secara acak dari 40 Puskesmas bermasalah (cakupan Fe3 kurang dari 80 %).Hasil penelitian ternyata hipotesis peneliti yang menyatakan bahwa Keterpaduan Program KIA-Gizi, jumlah tablet Fe terbukti secara statistik ada hubungan bermakna, demikian juga dengan sub variabel tenaga pelaksana yaitu jenis tenaga, lama bekerja, tugas rangkap, pengetahuan tenaga pelaksana. Sementara itu jumlah, pelatihan dan sikap tenaga pelaksana tidak terbukti ada hubungan dengan rendahnya cakupan Fe3 ibu hamil.Penelitian ini hendaknya tidak hanya dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, tetapi juga dilakukan secara kualitatif. Untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara umum disarankan melanjutkan penelitian terhadap 40 Puskesmas bermasalah lainnya."