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"Exploring both the historical origins of Syria's religious sects and their present-day dominance of the Syrian social scene, The Religious Roots of the Syrian Conflict identifies these groups' distinct beliefs and relates how the actions of the religious authorities and political entrepreneurs acting on behalf of their particular sects expose them to sectarian violence, culminating in the dissolution of the nation-state. Mark Tomass employs ethnographic accounts used in anthropology and conceptual tools based in economics to describe the formation of sectarian groups, a multidisciplinary approach which details how the sects have consistently generated civil conflicts within the Fertile Crescent, both before and after the formation of the nation-states of Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria"

"Since the enactment of Permendiknas (Regulation of Minister of National Education) No.22 regarding the contents standard (SI), in its implementation it still faces various problems and obstructions, especially in PAI learning. Among the indicators is, the teachers of Islamic religious education (GPAI) find a difficulty in understanding both the SI document and its implementation. In general, teachers also face difficulty in developing the syllabus, especially in formulating the indicators. The study on SI implementation at SMP (Junior High School) is to answer the question on how is GPAI capability in planning and implementing the learning, doing the assessment on PAI learning as well as the obstructing factor in PAI learning. Among the finding of such study shows that GPAI capability in planning and implementing the learning is in fair category. This is affected by the limitation of GPAI understanding on SI document, in syllabus development as well as RPP composing. The assessment procedure on PAI learning in general refers to the Permendiknas No.22 of 2006, but generally GPAI faces difficulty in doing the assessment on good behaviour since there is no assessment format yet."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini fokus membahas peran Majelis Agama Islam dalam perkembangan pendidikan Islam di wilayah Pattani. Makalah ini didasarkan pada penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan studi literatur. Kajian terdahulu Joseph C. Liow mengemukakan dua tokoh penting dari Pattani terhadap reformasi dan pendidikan Islam di Pattani, pada penelitian ini akan membahas peran lembaga Islamnya. Permasalahan penelitian adalah apa saja yang dilakukan oleh Majelis Agama Islam dalam pengembangan Pendidikan Islam di wilayah Pattani dan bagaimana hubungannya dengan pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan teori peranan, ditemukan bahwa majelis tidak membuat norma secara tertulis untuk dipatuhi lembaga pendidikan. Majelis melakukan beberapa kegiatan terkait Pendidikan Islam yaitu dengan menjaga dan menambah pustaka di Pattani, meningkatkan kualitas guru, dan menaungi langsung sekolah Mahad Darul Maarif. Majelis Agama Islam Pattani berusaha untuk bersikap netral dan berpikiran hubungan institusional dengan masyarakat sekitar dan pemerintah. Sehingga kedudukan Majelis Agama Islam saat ini adalah sebagai lembaga yang diberikan kewenangan penuh untuk mengurus hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan Islam dengan pemerintah.

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ABSTRACTThis study focuses on discussing the role of the Islamic Religious Council in the development of Islamic education in the Pattani region. This paper is based on descriptive qualitative research with interview data collection techniques, field observations, and literature studies. Previous studies Joseph C. Liow revealed two important figures from Pattani for reform and Islamic education in Pattani, in this study will discuss the role of Islamic institutions. The research problem is what is done by the Islamic Religious Council in the development of Islamic Education in the Pattani region and how it relates to the government. Using role theory, it was found that the assembly did not make written norms for educational institutions to adhere to. The Assembly carried out several activities related to Islamic Education, namely by maintaining and adding literature in Pattani, improving the quality of teachers, and directly overseeing the Mahad Darul Maarif school. The Pattani Islamic Council seeks to be neutral and think of institutional relations with the surrounding community and the government. So that the position of the Islamic Religious Council at this time is as an institution that is given full authority to take care of matters relating to Islam with the government."

"Just like the Gutenberg revolution in the fifteenth century, which led to the emergence of non-conventional religious authority in the Christian world, the current information technology revolution, particularly through mediums such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Twitter, has triggered the re-construction and decentralization of religious authority in Islam. New santri (pious individuals) and preachers emerged from the non-conventional religious educational system. They not only challenged the traditional authorities, but also redefine and re-conceptualize old religious terminologies, such as hijra and wasatiyya. This book explores the dynamics of religious authority in Indonesia with special attention to the challenges from the "new santri". It is a rich and important book on religion. I recommend students of religion in Indonesia and other countries to read it.Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif, Professor Emeritus of History at Yogyakarta State UniversityAn important and timely volume that addresses the changing nature of Islamic leadership in the world's most popular Muslim country. This book debunks many (mis)perceptions that Indonesia Islam is monolithic. It also redefines dominant characterization of Islam by Orientalist scholars, such as santri and abangan Muslims.Haedar NashirChairman of MuhammadiyahThis edited volume evaluates the new development of Islamic scholarship and authority in Indonesia. Things have changed significantly in recent times that make many observers and researchers wondering: has Indonesia moved from traditional authorities, mainstream Islamic organizations, and the established scholarship to the new actors, movements and platforms? Has the change occurs owing to the democratization and political reforms that took place in the last twenty years or are there other factors we need to take into account? The contributors in this book provide possible answers from many different areas and perspectives. It's a must-read!Nadirsyah HosenMonash University, Australia"