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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Dalam bidang kardiologi untuk menilai fungsi jantung sering digunakan pembebanan. Biasanya dilakukan pembebanan dalam bentuk kerja isotonik. Pada keadaan dimana tidak dapat dilakukan kerja isotonik, dapat dilakukan pembebanan dengan kerja isometrik (handgrip test) untuk menilai fungsi jantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembebanan kerja isometrik dan isotonik yang sesuai terhadap fungsi ventrikel kiri dengan STI dan konsumsi oksigen miokardium dengan Tri-produk yang menimbulkan peningkatan frekuensi jantung yang sama. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada 50 pria sehat, usia 20-25 tahun terhadap STI (QS2, LVET, PEP dan ratio PEP/LVET), tekanan darah dan Tri-produk (FJ x TD rata-rata x LVET) dalam keadaan istirahat, waktu kerja isometrik (handgrip test) dan kerja isotonik (ergometer sepeda). Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Terdapat pemendekan bermakna (p<0,05) pads lamanya QS2, LVET dan PEP pada kedua jenis kerja dibandingkan istirahat. Pemendekan QS2 dan PEP waktu kerja isotonik lebih besar secara bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan kerja isometrik, sedangkan pemendekan LVET waktu kerja isotonik tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05) dibandingkan kerja isometrik. Tidak terdapat perubahan pada fungsi ventrikel kiri yang dinilai dari ratio PEP/LVET waktu kerja isometrik dibandingkan kerja isotonik. Tekanan darah sistolik, diastolik dan rata-rata waktu kerja isometrik lebih besar secara bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan kerja isotonik. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna {p>0,05) antara tekanan darah diastolik waktu kerja isotonik dibandingkan istirahat. Tri-produk waktu kerja isometrik adalah rata-rata 30% lebih besar dibandingkan kerja isotonik dengan peningkatan frekuensi jantung yang sama, hal mans menatakan bahwa pembebanan jantung dengan kerja isometrik cukup berat dan dapat digunakan untuk menilai fungsi jantung.

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ABSTRACT Evaluation Of The Left Ventricular Function And Myocardial Oxygen Consumption During Isometric Work By Way Of Measurement Of Systolic Time IntervalsScope and Method of Study: Loading the heart during the evaluation of its function is a frequently used method. Usually the heart is loaded by isotonic work, like the ergo cycle or the treadmill test. But in cases where isotonic cannot be performed, loading the heart with isometric work (handgrip test) can also be used. The purpose of this research work is to examine the effect of isometric and isotonic work of equivalent intensity on the left ventricular function and on the myocardial oxygen consumption as evaluated respectively by the STI and Tri-product. Examination of the STI (QS2, LVET, PEP and PEP/LVET), heart rate, arterial blood pressure and tri-product were performed on 50 young males, age 20 - 25 years, at rest and at the end of isometric work (handgrip test) and isotonic work (ergo cycle). The results are statistically analyzed. Findings and Conclusions: A statistically significant (p 4 0.05) decrease in the duration of Q52, LVET and PEP is found during both kinds of work when compared to values at rest. The decrease in QS2 and PEP during isotonic work is greater as compared to those during isometric work, which is statistically significant (p 4 0.05). However, the duration of LVET during both kind of work. does not differ significantly. There is also no statistic-ally significant difference in the left ventricular function as evaluated by PEP/LVET between the two kind of work. The rise in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure is higher during isometric work as compared with isotonic work, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). There is no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure during isotonic work and rest (p > 0.05). The tri-product calculated for isometric work is on the average 30 % higher than for isotonic work, which means that loading the heart with isometric work will be sufficiently high for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the heart.

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ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cornflakes dan susu skim dibandingkan dengan minuman isotonik terhadap replesi glikogen dengan penilaian kadar glikogen sintase kinase (GSK)-3B leukosit selama dua jam masa pemulihan setelah pertandingan sepakbola 2 x 45 menit. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan desain paralel, acak, tersamar tunggal. Subyek penelitian, sebanyak 21 atlet sepakbola dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (n = 11) dan kelompok perlakuan (n = 10). Selama dua jam masa pemulihan setelah bertanding sepakbola, kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan berturut-turut mendapat minuman isotonik dan campuran cornflakes dan susu skim sebanyak 1200 mL Asupan nutrisi dihitung dengan metode food record 3 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan penurunan kadar GSK-3B leukosit antara kedua kelompok, namun, terjadi penurunan kadar GSK-3B yang lebih besar pada KP (29% vs 19%). Kesimpulan yang diambil adalah pemberian campuran cornflakes dan susu skim mempunyai kecenderungan lebih baik untuk replesi glikogen dibandingkan dengan pemberian minuman isotonik

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ABSTRACT
This study to verify the effect of cornflakes-skim millk drink compared with isotonic drink on glykogen repletion using indicator level of glykogen sintase kinase (GSK)-3B leukosit during two hours on recovery period after soccer games 2 x 45 minute. This study was randomized , contolled, single-blinded, clinical trial. The subjects of study was twenty one soccer athletes divided two group: control group (n = 11) and treatment group (n = 10). After two hours on recovery period after soccer games, control group and treatment group subsquence isotonic drink and cornflakesskim milk received either 1200 ml. This study counting with food record 3 x 24 hours. The result of study there were different significant on decreassed level of GSK-3B more higher at TC (29% vs 19%). The result of cornflakes-skim milk was having tendency better for glycogen repletion compared with isotonic drink

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman minuman isotonik terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 3 mm dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perendaman yaitu dengan akuades (kontrol) dan minuman isotonik. Setiap kelompok direndam dengan lama perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari. Kekerasan permukaan diuji menggunakan HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. Hasil menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara perendaman akuades dan minuman isotonik uji Independent T-Test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara semua kelompok perendaman minuman isotonik dengan lama perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari dengan uji statistik One-Way Anova dan PostHoc Tukey HSD. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa minuman isotonik mempengaruhi kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aims to determine the influence of isotonic drink immersion on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite. Sixty specimens of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm height were divided into two groups of storage media; deionized water (control) and isotonic drink. Each group was for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days. The surface hardness is measured using a HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between immersion of control and isotonic drink with Independet T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between all isotonic drink immersion groups with immersion duration of 1 day, 3 days and 7 days with One-Way Anova Test and Post Hoc Tukey HSD. It can be concluded that isotonic drinks affect the surface hardness of bulk-fill composite.

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ABSTRAK
Uji klinis paralel alokasi acak terbuka ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh larutan cornflakes dan susu skim terhadap kadar insulin serum pasca lari 5.000 m pada pemain futsal putra usia 19 30 tahun. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (KK) dan kelompok perlakuan (KP), masing-masing 10 orang, KK dan KP berturut-turut mendapat minuman isotonik dan larutan cornflakes dan susu skim 1.400 mL. Data yang diambil meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan protein, serta kadar insulin serum dan glukosa darah. Pemeriksaan kadar insulin dilakukan pasca lari 5.000 m dan 1 jam pasca konsumsi minuman. Kadar glukosa darah diperiksa pra- pasca lari 5.000 m dan menit ke-15, 30, 60 pasca minum. Usia, IMT dan persentase massa lemak tubuh antara kedua kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan. Data laboratorium diperoleh dari 16 subjek, karena 4 orang subjek dikeluarkan, masing-masing 2 orang dari tiap kelompok. Kadar insulin serum pra konsumsi tidak berbeda signifikan KK 14,75 ± 8,69 IU/mL dan KP 9,04 (5,99 43,20) IU/mL. Kadar insulin pasca konsumsi lebih tinggi pada KP tetapi tidak berbeda signifikan KK 32,48 ± 18,44 IU/mL dan KP 46,24 (14,50 183,00) IU/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan perubahan kadar insulin antara kedua kelompok, KK 17,72 ± 20,49 IU/mL dan KP 10,97 (4,00 173,00) IU/mL. Pada kedua kelompok terjadi peningkatan signifikan kadar insulin serum namun peningkatan yang lebih tinggi terjadi pada KP (p = 0,006) dibandingkan pada KK (p = 0,033). Kadar glukosa darah menit ke-15, 30 dan 60 lebih tinggi pada KK, tetapi tidak berbeda signifikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pemberian larutan cornflakes dan susu skim cenderung meningkatan kadar insulin serum pasca lari 5.000 m yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan minuman isotonik pada pemain futsal putra usia 19 30 tahun.

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ABSTRACT
This parallel open randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of cornflakes and skim milk to serum insulin levels after 5,000 m running in male futsal players aged 19 30 years. Subjects were divided into a control group (C) and treatment group (T), 10 subjects each, C and T received 1,400 mL isotonic drinks or cornflakes and skim milk solution respectively. Data were collected included age, body mass index (BMI), body percentage fat , energy, carbohydrate, protein intake, serum insulin and blood glucose levels. Serum insulin levels were assessed after 5,000 m running and 1 hour after consumption of the beverages. Blood glucose levels were examined pre-post 5,000 m running and at 15, 30, and 60' minutes post-drinking. Age, BMI and body fat mass percentage between the two groups did not differ significantly. Laboratory data obtained from 16 subjects, 4 subjects were excluded, 2 from each group. Serum insulin levels pre consumption did not differ significantly; C 14.75 ± 8.69 IU / mL and T 9.04 (5.99-43.20) IU / mL. Insulin levels after consumption was higher in T but did not differ significantly; C 32.48 ± 18.44 IU / mL and T 46.24 (14.50 183,00) IU / mL. There were no significant differences in insulin levels changes between the two groups; C 17.72 ± 20.49 IU / mL and T 10.97 (4.00 173,00) IU / mL. In both groups serum insulin levels increased significantly, higher increased occurred in the T (p = 0.006) compared with the C (p = 0.033). Blood glucose levels after 15, 30 and 60 minutes were higher in C, but did not differ significantly. This study showed cornflakes and skim milk solution tends to increase serum insulin levels after 5,000 m running higher than the isotonic drinks to male futsal players aged 19 30 years.

Abstrak :
LATAR BELAKANG: Sendi lutut adalah sendi yang paling sering terkena OA. Stabilitas dinamik sendi lutut dipengaruhi oleh otot-otot kuadrisep dan hamstring. Untuk mengoptimalkan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh otot, program latihan peregangan harus terintegrasi dalam program latihan penguatan pada OA. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan efek berbagai teknik peregangan terhadap hasil latihan isotonik pada pasien OA lutut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan efek teknik peregangan statik dibandingkan Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF terhadap outcome visual analog scale VAS, lingkup gerak sendi LGS, kekuatan otot, dan kemampuan berjalan latihan penguatan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring pada pasien OA lutut. METODE: Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental. Populasi terjangkau adalah wanita penderita OA lutut berusia 50 ndash; 70 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Rehabilitasi Medik RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara randomisasi. Pada kelompok pertama, subjek diberi infra red radiation IRR, latihan peregangan statik, dan latihan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring. Pada kelompok kedua, subjek diberi IRR, latihan peregangan PNF, dan latihan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring. Intervensi dilakukan selama 6 minggu. Penilaian nyeri menggunakan skor VAS, LGS menggunakan goniometer, kekuatan otot menggunakan hand held dynamometer, dan kemampuan berjalan menggunakan uji jalan 15 meter. HASIL: Sebanyak 30 responden mengikuti program latihan sampai selesai, kelompok pertama dan kedua masing-masing 15 orang. Setelah 6 minggu, didapatkan perbaikan skor VAS, LGS, kekuatan otot kuadrisep dan hamstring serta uji jalan 15 meter dengan perbaikan bermakna didapatkan pada kekuatan otot hamstring pada kedua kelompok. Delta skor VAS dan uji jalan 15 meter lebih tinggi pada kelompok peregangan statik dibandingkan PNF tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. Delta kekuatan otot kuadrisep didapatkan lebih tinggi pada kelompok peregangan statik dibandingkan PNF dan berbeda bermakna p=0.033 . Delta LGS dan kekuatan hamstring lebih tinggi pada kelompok peregangan PNF dibandingkan statik tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. KESIMPULAN: Pemberian latihan peregangan statik maupun PNF tidak memberikan efek yang berbeda bermakna secara keseluruhan terhadap outcome latihan penguatan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring pada pasien OA lutut. ...... BACKGROUND. Knee joints are the joints most commonly affected by OA. The dynamic stability of the knee joint is affected by the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Stretching exercise programs should be integrated into strengthening exercise programs in OA to optimize the force that generated by the muscle. However, there have been no studies comparing the effects of various stretching techniques on the outcome of isotonic exercise in knee OA patients. The aim of this study was to find out whether there is a difference between the effect of static stretching compared to the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF to the outcomes visual analog scale VAS, range of motion ROM, muscle strength, and walking ability of quadriceps and hamstring muscle isotonic strengthening exercises in knee OA patients. METHODS. The design of this study was quasi experimental. The study population is women suffering from knee OA aged 50-70 years who went to the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta that meet the criteria of the study. Sampling was done using consecutive sampling and divided into two groups by randomization. In the first group, subjects were given infra red radiation IRR, static stretching exercises, and isotonic exercises of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. In the second group, subjects were given IRR, PNF stretching exercises, and isotonic exercises of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Intervention is done for 6 weeks. Pain assessment using VAS scores, ROM measurement using a goniometer, muscle strength measurement using a hand-held dynamometer, and walking ability measurement using a 50-feet walking test. RESULTS. Thirty respondents were completed the exercise program, the first and second group consists of 15 people, respectively. After 6 weeks, the improvement of VAS, ROM, quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and 50 feet walking test with significant improvement was obtained only hamstring muscle strength in both groups. Delta VAS scores and 50 feet walking test were higher in the static stretching group than PNF but not significantly different. Delta quadriceps muscle strength was significantly high er in the static stretch group than in PNF p = 0.033 . Delta ROM and hamstring muscle strength were higher in the PNF stretching group than in static but not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS. There is no significant difference between the effect of static stretching techniques and the PNF on the outcomes visual analog scale VAS, range of motion ROM, muscle strength, and walking ability of quadriceps and hamstring muscle isotonic strengthening exercises in knee OA patients.