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Summary: Addresses themes such as - the measurement of diversity and freedom, formal analysis of individual rights and intentions, judgment aggregation under constraints and strategic manipulation in fuzzy environments. This volume also deals with philosophical aspects of normative social choice.

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This reserach aim ti prove whether any difference in auditor ethical judgment to earnings management practise and examine six dimensions of eranings management which influence auditor ethical judgment.....

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Organized according to the sequence mental health professionals follow when conducting an assessment, Groth-Marnat's Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Sixth Edition covers principles of assessment, evaluation, referral, treatment planning, and report writing. Written in a practical, skills-based manner, the Sixth Edition provides guidance on the most efficient methods for selecting and administering tests, interpreting assessment data, how to integrate test scores and develop treatment plans as well as instruction on ways to write effective, client-oriented psychological reports. This text provides through coverage of the most commonly used assessment instruments including the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Wechsler Memory Scales, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Personality Assessment Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, NEO Personality, Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test, and brief assessment instruments for treatment planning, monitoring, and outcome assessment. Organized according to the sequence mental health professionals follow when conducting an assessment, this classic resource covers principles of assessment, evaluation, referral, treatment planning, and report writing. Written in a practical, skills-based manner, the sixth edition provides guidance on the most efficient methods for selecting and administering tests, interpreting assessment data, how to integrate test scores and develop treatment plans as well as instruction on ways to write effective, client-oriented psychological reports. The latest edition provides through coverage of the most commonly used assessment instruments including the Wechsler Intelligence Scales, Wechsler Memory Scales, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Personality Assessment Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, NEO Personality Inventory, Rorschach, Thematic Apperception Test, and brief assessment instruments for treatment planning, monitoring, and outcome assessment. In addition^^ this sixth edition includes: Fully updated with new research and the DSM-5 and ICD-10 New chapter on the NEO Personality Inventory-3. The NEO inventories provide a comprehensive assessment of adult and adolescent personality based on the strongly empirically supported Five Factor Model of personality. New chapter on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), which has gained both strong empirical support and wide clinical popularity. Includes updated information on the newly developed Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V). The chapter on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory includes coverage of both the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) The chapter on the Rorschach discusses both the Comprehensive System and the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). The "Use with Diverse Groups" sections reflect the more extensive use of assessment for a wide variety of populations and the importance of competently and sensitively work. ing with diverse populations. Greater emphasis on making assessment more user friendly and consumer oriented. This is reflected in suggestions for using everyday language in reports, connecting interpretations to actual client behavior, strategies for wording interpretations in a manner likely to enhance client growth, and the importance of collaborating with clients. The treatment planning and clinical decision making chapter has been completely updated, and the psychological report writing chapter has been updated to include the American Psychological Association and Society for Personality Assessment's current thinking about proficiency in personality assessment.

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Banyak sekali kasus mengenai tindak pidana korupsi yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan direksi dalam persero. Perbuatan direksi dalam pengelolaan persero seringkali yang dianggap menimbulkan kerugian tersebut dikategorikan sebagai tindak pidana korupsi. Padahal jika dilihat dalam Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 2003 tentang BUMN, pengelolaan persero harus berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip perusahaan yang terdapat pada Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pengaturan dalam penentuan kerugian Negara dalam tindak pidana korupsi serta bagaimana pengambilan keputusan dalam perjanjian perdata yang dilakukan oleh direksi persero dilindungi oleh prinsip Business Judgment Rules. Di akhir penelitian, peneliti berkesimpulan bahwa pengaturan kerugian Negara telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi namun belum jelas mengatur mengenai kerugian Negara sehingga harus merujuk pada pengertian kerugian Negara pada Undang-Undang tentang Perbendaharaan Negara. Pada setiap pengambilan keputusan direksi persero yang telah berdasarkan prinsip kehati-hatian tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan tindak pidana korupsi karena sudah dilindungi oleh prinsip Business Judgment Rules. ......There are so many cases of corruption related to the decision-making board of directors in state owned. Any losses incurred in the management of state-owned is often considered as a disadvantage State, and the acts of directors are considered to cause harm is categorized as a crime of corruption. In fact, when viewed in Law No.19 of 2003 on state-owned enterprises, state-owned management must be based on firm principles contained in Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies. So that the decision-making board of directors who have been in accordance with the procedures and the precautionary principle, the principle can be protected by The Business Judgment Rule, adopted in Article 97 paragraph (5) of Law No. 40 of 2007. This study discusses how regulation in the State in determining the loss of corruption and how decision-making in a civil agreement made by the directors of state-owned protected by the Business Judgment Rules principle. At the end of the study, the researchers concluded that the loss of state regulation in the Law on Corruption Eradication has not been clearly set the losses that the State should refer to the sense of loss the State in the Law on the State Treasury. At each decision-making limited company directors who have been based on the principle of prudence can not be categorized as a criminal act of corruption because it is protected by the Business Judgment Rules principle.

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Direksi merupakan organ dari perseroan terbatas yang berwenang dan bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan terbatas dan mewakili perseroan terbatas, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan. Hubungan antara Direksi dengan perseroan terbatas terjadi karena adanya kepercayaan yang diberikan oleh perseroan terbatas kepada Direksi. Karenanya dalam menjalankan tugas yang diembannya, Direksi memiliki kewajiban fiduciary (fiduciary duty). Dalam mengelola perseroan terbatas, Direksi dituntut untuk dapat mengambil keputusan bisnis yang tepat dan cepat. Namun tuntutan tersebut tidak mengurangi pelaksanaan kewajiban fiduciary duty oleh Direksi. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai doktrin business judgment rule, yakni doktrin yang melindungi Direksi atas setiap keputusan yang diambilnya, selama hal tersebut dilakukan dalam batasbatas kewenangan dengan penuh kehati-hatian dan itikad baik. Doktrin business judgment rule kini diatur secara jelas dalam Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas yang membebaskan anggota Direksi dari tanggung jawab penuh secara pribadi atas kerugian perseroan terbatas dalam hal-hal tertentu. Berdasarkan bentuknya, tipologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksplanatoris karena penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan doktrin business judgment rule, hubungannya dengan adanya fiduciary duty pada Direksi dalam menjalankan pengurusan perseroan terbatas dan pengaturannya dalam Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007. Sedangkan tipologi penelitian yang digunakan berdasarkan tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah problem identification, dimana penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan permasalahan yang membawa kerugian bagi perseroan terbatas dan perlindungan bagi Direksi atas kerugian tersebut yang merupakan hasil dari keputusannya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan antara fiduciary duty yang merupakan kewajiban Direksi dengan doktrin business judgment rule yang memberikan perlindungan bagi Direksi dalam mengurus perseroan terbatas, pengaturan business judgment rule berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 dan penerapan business judgment rule berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 pada suatu kasus gugatan terhadap Direksi (bilamana diasumsikan bahwa dalam kasus itu keputusan yang diambil Direksi tersebut membawa kerugian bagi perseroan terbatas yang diurusnya). ...... The Board of Directors is an organ within a limited liability company which is entitled to and fully responsible in managing the company and in representing the company, inside or outside the court. The relationship between the Board of Directors and the company arises due to a trust given by the company to the Board of Directors. Thus, the Board of Directors has a fiduciary duty in performing its management duties. In managing the company, the Board of Directors is required to make appropriate business resolution quickly. However, such requirement should not prejudice the performance of the fiduciary duty obligation by the Board of Directors. This research paper discusses the business judgment rule doctrine, which is a doctrine that protects the Board of Directors in respect of each of its resolution, to the extent that such resolution is made with due care and in good faith. The business judgment rule doctrine is now expressly stipulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 regarding Limited Liability Companies, which aptly relinquishes the member of Board of Directors from full personal responsibility with regard to the company?s loss in particular conditions. The typology used in this research paper is explanatory research since the purpose of this research paper is to describe the business judgment rule doctrine, its relation with the fiduciary duty of the Board of Directors in managing the company and its stipulation in Law Number 40 of 2007. Further, the research typology based on the purpose used in this research paper is a problem identification, and the purpose of this research is to classify the problems which result in loss incurred by the companies and the protection given to the Board of Directors in regard to such loss due to Board of Directors?s decision. This research paper discusses the relationship between the fiduciary duty which is the Board of Directors?s obligation and the business judgment rule doctrine which grants a protection to Board of Directors, the stipulation of business judgment rule under Law Number 40 of 2007 and the implementation of the business judgment rule pursuant to Law Number 40 of 2007, in a lawsuit against the Board of Directors (assuming that in such lawsuit, the Board of Directors?s decision resulted in a loss incurred by the company).