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"What are the ethical principles underpinning the idea of a just war and how should they be adapted to changing social and military circumstances? In this book, Steven P. Lee presents the basic principles of just war theory, showing how they evolved historically and how they are applied today in global relations. He examines the role of state sovereignty and individual human rights in the moral foundations of just war theory and discusses a wide range of topics including humanitarian intervention, preventive war, the moral status of civilians and enemy combatants, civil war and terrorism. He shows how just war theory relates to both pacifism and realism. Finally, he considers the future of war and the prospects for its obsolescence. His clear and wide-ranging discussion, richly illustrated with examples, will be invaluable for students and other readers interested in the ethical challenges posed by the changing nature of war"-- Provided by publisher."

"After man has sinned, violence cannot be separated from human life. As Christianity comes into contact with violence, it generates a theory of just-war in responding against injustice. The applications of just-war theory are not only limited to Christian circle, but has reached wider groups. Just-war has become a guidance for non-Christian philosophers and politicians to fight oppressors and to uphold justice. This paper describes the idea of just-war in Christian tradition, firstly by exploring the legitimacy of war in the light of the Word of God, and secondly by comparing it to the holy war in the context of the Old Testament. To better understand the views of the church leaders about just- war this paper will also discuss the criticisms against the theory. The author believes that the presence of just-war theory is crucial in the midst of this sinful world."

"Aplikasi drone di dalam konflik bersenjata merupakan hasil dari perkembangan teknologi militer modern, sekaligus perwujudan dari keinginan untuk menghindari korban jiwa kombatan maupun penduduk sipil. Secara fungsinya, drone tampil sebagai platform pengintaian dan platform serang. Legalitas dari penggunaan drone di medan pertempuran tersebut dapat ditelaah menggunakan Teori Perang Adil dan prinsip-prinsip dalam hukum humaniter internasional, baik dari keputusan untuk menggunakan drone sebagai alat militer maupun dari unsur-unsur yang ada pada diri drone. Aspek hukum drone juga dibahas dari sudut pandang praktik negara Amerika Serikat sebagai pihak utama yang mengembangkan teknologi drone militer dan mengoperasikan drone di dalam konflik bersenjata modern. Salah satu aplikasi drone di medan pertempuran dilakukan dalam bentuk operasi targeted killing, dimana drone secara aktif dioperasikan untuk memburu dan membunuh individu tertentu di medan pertempuran. Setidaknya sejak tahun 2002 Amerika Serikat, baik melalui angkatan bersenjata maupun lembaga intelijen CIA, telah mempraktikkan targeted killing dalam operasi kontraterorisme dalam kerangka "Perang Melawan Teror" di berbagai wilayah negara asing di Timur Tengah terhadap sejumlah aktor bukan negara seperti al-Qaeda, Taliban, dan ISIS. Israel juga diketahui telah mempraktikkan targeted killing dalam konteks kontraterorisme di wilayah Palestina terhadap teroris Hamas, utamanya di wilayah Jalur Gaza. Kedua negara menghadapi sejumlah persoalan hukum dalam menangani penggunaan drone dalam operasi targeted killing, baik hukum internasional maupun hukum domestik masing-masing.

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The application of drones in armed conflict are the result of the advancement of modern military technology, as well as manifestation of the need to avoid casualties of both combatants as well as civilians on the battlefield. Function-wise, drones are used as intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance platform and as a more offensive-oriented, weapon platform. The lawfulness of drones on the battlefield can be studied through Just War Theory and the principles of international humanitarian law. State practice also play a role in deciding their lawfulness, for American practice in developing military drone technology and applying them in the battlefield. One of their application involved targeted killing, in which particular individuals were to be hunted down and killed. At least since 2002, American armed forces as well as the Central Intelligence Agency engaged in targeted killing operation against non-state actors in various states in the Middle East, i.e. al-Qaeda, Taliban, and ISIS. Meanwhile, Israeli forces are also known to use targeted killing as counterterrorism method against Hamas and other Palestinian terrorists in Palestinian territory. Both states faced legal issues regarding the decision to employ drone in targeted killing operation, both in international law as well as their respective domestic law."