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"Generally former Islamic Mataram Kingdom included in their towns resident areas for the religous leaders and staffs called kampong. These Islamic kampongs were located nearby the Great Mosque and called kauman Kampong...."

"ABSTRAKPenduduk kampung dalam kehidupan kota seringkali dipandang sebelah mata oleh masyarakat karena berbagai alasan yang salah satunya ialah masalah penataan wilayah. Namun, keberadaan kampung baik sebagai komunitas maupun permukiman membentuk legitimasi dan kekuasaan yang tidak bisa dipungkiri mengakibatkan terjadinya negosiasi dengan institusi formal. Skripsi ini kemudian membahas negosiasi institusi formal mdash; pemerintah kota dan sekolah mdash;terhadap permukiman informal mdash; kampung mdash;dan vice versa. Penelitian diadakan terhadap Kampung Rawa yang berdiam di lsquo;belakang rsquo; kompleks sekolah. Metode penelitian menggunakan etnografi melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dan observasi terhadap pemerintah kota, sekolah, dan warga kampung. Berdasarkan penelitian, saya menemukan bahwa negosiasi baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung memengaruhi keadaan morfologi Kampung Rawa seiring perkembangannya.

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ABSTRACTSociety mostly look down upon kampong inhabitant for many reason, such as regulation problem. But, kampong as either community or settlement form legitimacy and power which inevitably resulting negotiation with formal institution. This thesis looks for the negotiation between formal institution mdash local government and school mdash toward informal settlement mdash kampong mdash and vice versa. Research is based on Kampong Rawa which settles lsquo behind rsquo school complex. Research method use ethnography through semi structured interview and observation on local government, school, and kampong inhabitant. Research shows that the negotiation between the three are both directly and indirectly affect on the morphology condition of Kampong Rawa over time. "

"In the last fifty years,the Malays have been major actors in the industralization proces and urbanization of Malaysia. This has resulted in the Malaysian malay community undergoing changes in living style,from the early traditional kampong way of living to contemporary urban living....."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan kota di Jakarta semakin lama semakin tidak terkendali. Penduduk yang semakin padat menyebabkan kebutuhan rumah tinggal semakin meningkat. Hal tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan tanah untuk membangun unit hunian sehingga menyebabkan permasalahan perkotaan seperti munculnya permukiman kumuh, permukiman kampung kota dan perkembangan kota yang tidak sesuai masterplan kota. Pemerintah dan pakar perkotaan mempunyai solusi mengatasi masalah perkotaan tersebut dengan cara membangun bangunan vertikal dalam bentuk rumah susun dan kampung vertikal. Skripsi ini membahas apakah kampung vertikal dapat menjadi alternatif solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan perkotaan di Jakarta terutama dalam konteks relokasi kampung kota. Hasil observasi didapatkan bahwa kampung vertikal dapat dijadikan alternatif relokasi kampung kota jika pemerintah memperhatikan aspek arsitektural dan non-arsitektural dalam perancangan kampung vertikal secara seimbang dan beriringan.

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ABSTRAKThe development of the city in Jakarta was increasingly uncontrollable. The population which is progressively crowded lead to an increasing needs of residential houses. It is not commensurate with the availability of land to build residential units, so that causing urban problems, such as the appearance of slums, kampung kota settlement, and the development of the city that do not appropriate with the masterplan of the city. The government and the urban experts have a solution to overcome this problems by constructing urban vertical building in the forms of flats and vertical kampong. This study aims to discuss whether vertical kampong can be an alternative solution to exceed urban problems in Jakarta, especially in the context of the relocation of the kampung kota. The observation result shows that vertical kampong relocation can be an alternative if the government notices the architectural and non-architectural aspects in design of a vertical kampong in balance and concomitantly."

"Kampong Tua Tunu is located in Bangka Island, Indonesia- Bangka Island gains its existence by the production of tin and pepper. The physical environment in Bangka Island is formed by the way of locations and distribution of these natural resources. Kampong Tua Tunu is one of many villages scattered around Bangka Island which has important role in pepper plantation and production. Colonialization has changed the shape of the spatial relationship throughout the island Colonialization is seen as the one of the earliest forms of globalization, of modernity. Dutch colony forced the nomadic population of Bangka Island to create compact villages along the major paths across the island. The location and the linear pattern of Kampong Tua Tunu can be seen from this historical and the ideological background. The social pragmatism imbued with on going Malay identity can be taken account as important elements to understand how forming a traditional settlement by ideological modifier. This paper would examine the relationship between traditional settlement, physical-spatial relationship with the ideological, and theoretical understanding of spatial tradition originated by colonialization."

"

Nama : Jenni Anggita

Departemen : Ilmu Susastra

Program Studi : Cultural Studies

Judul : Memori Kultural Keluarga Cina Benteng terhadap Transformasi Kampung

Pembangunan kota Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) telah dilakukan lebih dari 30 tahun sejak 1984, dengan jumlah lahan seluas 6000 hektar. Namun, proyek itu belum selesai dan BSD terus membangun dan melakukan perluasan kota. Salah satu proyek besar yang dikerjakan oleh pemerintah yang bekerja sama dengan PT BSD, pemilik modal lain, dan bank adalah pembangunan infrastruktur jalan Tol Serpong—Balaraja. Salah satu kampung yang terkena dampak atas pembangunan jalan tol itu adalah Kampung Sagalaya, Kb. Tangerang, yang telah menjadi tempat bermukim keluarga besar Cina Benteng dari generasi ke generasi. Dari tiga puluh keluarga yang bermukim di sana, kini hanya tersisa lima keluarga karena keluarga sudah menjual lahan mereka sedikit demi sedikit dan pindah satu per satu. Pembangunan kota BSD City mengakibatkan terjadinya transformasi pada ruang hidup warga Cina Benteng. Mereka yang dulunya erat dengan kehidupan agraris berubah menjadi masyarakat urban. Oleh karena itu, tesis ini mengkaji tentang transformasi kampung dan memori pada keluarga Cina Benteng yang masih bertahan di kampung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menarasikan memori-memori warga Cina Benteng tentang kampung, diri sendiri dan keluarga dalam kaitannya dengan identitas ketionghoaan, dan persoalan-persoalan yang dihadapi keluarga karena pembangunan perluasan kota. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan cultural studies. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah autoethnography yang merupakan gabungan dari karakteristik autobiografi dan etnografi. Metode itu memungkinkan peneliti terlibat dalam penelitian. Narasumber yang terlibat menjadi subjek penelitian adalah keluarga peneliti yang tinggal di kampung. Penelitian ini menunjukkan dampak atas penguasaan lahan yang berpindah tangan dari warga ke korporat sehingga keluarga Cina Benteng kehilangan ruang hidupnya, terpaksa harus pindah dari tanah leluhur mereka, putusnya hubungan antarkeluarga, dan tercerai-berai dengan keluarganya yang lain. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terjadi penghapusan narasi kepada keluarga Cina Benteng secara sistematis melalui perampasan lahan yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang memiliki kapital dan kekuasaan lebih, atas nama pembangunan kota. Meskipun demikian, memori kultural yang masih melekat dalam ingatan mereka menyatakan eksistensi mereka sebagai masyarakat Cina Benteng, harapan bagi kampung, dan melanjutkan kehidupan.

Kata kunci: BSD City, kampung, keluarga Cina Benteng, transformasi ruang, memori kultural

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Name: Jenni Anggita

Department: Literature

Study Programme: Cultural Studies

Title: Cultural Memory Benteng Chinese Families towards Kampong Transformation

The development of Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) City has been done for more than thirty years since 1984, with the total area of 6000 ha. However, the project is not finished yet and BSD still continue to develop and do the city expansion. One of the big projects that is undertaken by the government in cooperation with PT BSD, another investor and bank is the infrastructural construction of Serpong—Balaraja tollway. One of the kampongs that have been affected by this construction is Sagalaya Kampong, Tangerang District which became a place of living for Benteng Chinese big family from generation to generation. From thirty families who lived there, there are only five families left because some families sold their land little by little and move one by one. The development of BSD City affected the living space transformation of Benteng Chinese people. They were lived as an agrarian society and now change into urban society. Therefore, this thesis discusses the kampong transformation and memories of Benteng Chinese family who still live in the kampong. The aim of this research is to narrate the Benteng Chinese people’s memories of kampong, themselves and family in relation with Chinese identity and problems encountered by the family because of the city expansion. This research uses qualitative method with the cultural studies. Autoethnography is used as the research method which combines autobiography and ethnography characters. This method allowed researcher to be involved in the study. Researcher’s family who live in the kampong became informants as the research subject. This research showed the impact of displacement of land ownership from the residents to the corporate thus Benteng Chinese family lost their living space, had to move from their ancestral land, broke up their family relation and scattered with other families. In conclusion, this research proved that there was a narrative elimination to the Benteng Chinese family systematically through land grabbing by parties who have more capital and power, in the name of urban development. Although, the cultural memory that is still inherent in their memories reveals their existence as the Chinese Benteng community, hopes for the village, and continuing life.

Key words: BSD City, kampong, Benteng Chinese families, transformation of space, cultural memory

"

"The historiography of Banda has paid little attention to the existence of women. Stories involving women are mainly about romance, family, and suffering. In reality, the existence of “Mama Lima” (groups of five women) is very strong in the Banda tradition (adat). They are the carriers of knowledge and tradition, a consequence of matriarchy. They determine the content and implementation of adat ceremonies like Buka kampong, forming the set of social norms and customary law of the community. Mama Lima groups are a living example of women throughout the ages who have played a significant role in welfare, the environment, religion, spiritualism, education, and nature. This article discusses the position of women in Banda from its colonization in 1609: defending their land, customs, and descendants, to this day. The results show that Banda women have been practising gender equality for centuries, passing their functions on to the younger generation, and have become an example for all Bandanese today."

"Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Barat yang sangat rawan konflik antar wargalantar kampung. Frekuensi konflik antar warga antar kampung di Kabupaten Indramayu terutama selarna tahun 1997-2001 sangat tinggi. Konflik tersebut telah menimbulkan kondisi keamanan dan ketentraman yang tidak kondusif yang berdampak pada lemahnya ketahanan daerah dan terhambatnya pelaksanaan pembangunan daerah. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu memiliki kewajiban untuk memainkan peranannya sebaik mungkin dalam menyelesaikan dan mencegah konflik tersebut.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab timbulnya konflik antar warga/antar kampung di Kabupaten Indramayu yang menyebabkan lemahnya ketahanan daerah Kabupaten Indramayu. Mengungkap upaya-upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu dalam menyelesaikan konflik antar warga antar kampung dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan daerah Kabupaten Indramayu. Mengungkap peranan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu dalam mencegah konflik anlar warga antar kampung dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan daerah Kabupaten Indramayu. Data tentang hal tersebut, dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara secara mencatat, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun jenis penelitian yang peneiili lakukan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif dan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualilatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendorong struktural yang mana yang menyebabkan konflik antar wargalantar kampung adalah karena penduduk Indramayu khususnya para pemudanya bersifat tempramental sehingga mudah melakukan tindakan kekerasan. Faktor lainnya adalah tingginya solidaritas antar selama warga masyarakat, serta ketidakpuasan dan kurangnya kepercayaan terhadap aparat pemerintah. Sifat tempramental atau agresivitas perilaku terutama disebabkan oleh pengaruh minuman keras dan pengangguran. Faktor lainnya yang juga turut menentukan adalah tingginya angka kemiskinan dan pendidikan yang rendah.Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk menyelesaikan konflik tersebut terutama dengan cara-cara konsiliasi (perdamaian). Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu juga telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mencegah konflik tersebut dengan cara menekan dan meminimalisir faktor-Faktor determinan penyebab konflik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Indramayu memang cukup berhasil dalam menekan frekuensi konflik. Meskipun demikian, upaya pencegahan konflik belum optimal karena masih banyak menghadapi kendala dalam pelaksanaannya, sehingga potensi konflik antar warga/antar kampung di Kabupaten lndramayu masih besar.

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The Regency of Indramayu is one of the Regencies in West Java which is prone to violence among members of the society/kampong. The frequency of the conflict among society members especially from 1997 until 2001 was very high. Those conflicts have created a non conducive situation for the safety and tranquility of the region, and they have weakened the resilience and hampered the development of the region. In that case, the government of Indramayu Regency has some obligations to perform their best in solving and preventing those conflicts.

The objectives of this research are :

To identify any factors causing the conflicts among society members/kampong which have weakened the resilience of Indramayu Regency. To reveal all the efforts done by the government of Indramayu Regency in preventing and solving the conflicts among the society members/kampong so that it can enhance the resilience of Indramayu Regency. To reveal the role of Government of Indramayu Regency in preventing conflicts among society members/kampong in order to enhance the resilience of Indramayu Regency. All data are gathered through interview, observation and documentation study. The researcher has conducted a descriptive qualitative research and the method used is qualitative method.

The result of the research shows that the main factors of the structural drive which have caused conflicts among people/kampong is that inhabitants of Indramayu, especially the young men are reckless so that they are easily provoked to commit violence. Other factors involve a high solidarity among society members, and the inability to trust, together with the dissatisfaction toward the local government. The reckless and aggressive behavior is mainly caused by alcoholic beverages and unemployment. Other important factors are the abject poverty and the low educational level of the inhabitants.

The local Government of Indramayu Regency has conducted many activities to solve the conflicts especially by using reconciliation to seek for peace. The local Government of Indramayu Regency has also done several efforts to prevent the conflicts by suppressing and minimizing the determined factors of the conflicts. The result of the research shows that the Local Government of Indramayu Regency has been successful in suppressing the frequency of the conflicts. Yet, the efforts in preventing the conflict have not really been optimum because there are still many obstacles in the process of achieving it. In that case, the potential conflicts among the society members/kampong in Indramayu Regency are still very high."

"Perkembangan kota-kota besar serta laju urbanisasi membuat populasi meningkat dan mengakibatkan kemunculan permukiman di kawasan kota yang disebut kampung kota. Salah satu diantara karakteristik khas kampung adalah memiliki semangat solidaritas dan gotong royong yang tinggi. Hal tersebut membuat ruang publik memiliki peran yang vital untuk mewadahi segala macam interaksi dan kegiatan sehari-hari warganya. Karena kondisi kawasan dan padatnya penduduk, Kampung Pulo Geulis adalah salah satu kampung di Kota Bogor yang menghadapi permasalahan keterbatasan fasilitas ruang publik. Merespon masalah tersebut, masyarakat setempat melakukan berbagai cara yang khas dalam menciptakan, menggunakan, dan memaknai ruang publik. Proses tersebut berkaitan erat dengan konsep produksi dan konstruksi sosial. Setelah melakukan beberapa kajian literatur, observasi, dan wawancara, serangkaian analisis yang menggali aspek spasial, waktu, penggunaan, dan pemaknaan dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi produksi sosial dan konstruksi sosial di ruang publik Kampung Pulo Geulis.......The development of big cities and the pace of urbanization make the population increase and result in the emergence of settlements in urban areas called urban villages. One of the typical characteristics of the village is to have a high spirit of solidarity and mutual cooperation. This makes public spaces have a vital role to accommodate all kinds of interactions and daily activities of its citizens. Due to the condition of the area and the dense population, Kampung Pulo Geulis is one of the villages in Bogor City that is facing the problem of limited public space facilities. Responding to these problems, the local community uses various unique ways of creating, using, and interpreting public spaces. The process is closely related to the concept of social production and social construction. After conducting several literature reviews, observations, and informal interviews, a set of analyses that explore aspects of spatial, time, use, and interpretation were carried out with the aim of identifying social production and social construction in the public space of Kampung Pulo Geulis."