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"ABSTRAKAngka kejadian karsinoma kolorektal cukup tinggi mencapai 1,3 juta kasus dengan angka kematian sebesar 694.000 per tahun. Sekitar 30 hingga 87 pasien kanker mengalami malnutrisi sebelum menjalani terapi kanker. Terapi medik gizi bertujuan untuk mencegah atau memperbaiki keadaan malnutrisi, mencegah kehilangan massa otot, mengurangi efek samping terapi kanker, meningkatkan kualitas hidup, dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Pasien serial kasus ini berjumlah empat orang, berusia 33 hingga 60 tahun. Tiga orang pasien memiliki diagnosis adenokarsinoma rektum dan satu orang didiagnosis dengan adenokarsinoma kolon asendens dengan stoma double barrel setinggi ileum terminal dan kolon desenden. Keempat pasien memiliki status gizi kaheksia kanker. Pemantuan dilakukan setiap hari meliputi penilaian subjektif dan objektif meliputi tanda vital, kondisi klinis, antropometri, kapasitas fungsional, analisis asupan dan laboratorium. Pada saat dipulangkan, kondisi klinis keempat pasien mengalami perbaikan yang dilihat dari produksi stoma yang semakin padat dan toleransi asupan oral baik. Keempat pasien juga mengalami perbaikan kapasitas fungsional. Pemberian kebutuhan energi pada kasus ini rata-rata sebesar 30-39 kkal/kg/hari. Pemberian nutrisi memperhatikan jenis stoma, bagian usus yang vital, kondisi klinis, dan parameter biokimia. Pemberian terapi medik gizi yang adekuat dapat mendukung proses penyembuhan luka pasca tindakan pembedahan dan kapasitas fungsional.

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ABSTRACT<>br>The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is quite high, estimated at 1.3 million cases with 694,000 deaths per year. About 30 to 87 of cancer patients are malnourished before undergoing cancer therapy. Medical nutrition therapy aims to prevent or improve the state of malnutrition, prevent muscle mass loss, reduce the side effects of cancer therapy, improve quality of life, and accelerate wound healing. Patients in this case series involve four subject, aged 33 to 60 years. Three patients had a diagnosis of rectal adenocarcinoma and one person was diagnosed with ascending colon adenocarcinoma with double barrel stoma as high as the terminal ileum and descending colon. All patients had nutritional status of cancer cahexia. Daily monitoring includes subjective and objective assessments including vital signs, clinical conditions, anthropometry, functional capacity, intake analysis, and laboratory analysis. At the time of discharge, the clinical condition of all four patients got improvement from solid stoma production and tolerance of oral intake. The four patients also experienced improved functional capacity. In providing nutrition therapy, we should consider to the type of stoma, vital part of the intestine, clinical conditions, and biochemical parameters. Adequate medical nutrition therapy can support post surgical wound healing and functional capacity."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang :Karsinoma kolorektal (KKR) merupakan penyebab kematian kedua di dunia dari seluruh jeniskanker. KKR dapat disebabkan oleh defek dari MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI)adalah penanda defek MMR DNA. KKR MSI-H memiliki gambaran karakteristik tertentu.Tumor-infiltrating-lymphocyte (TIL) merupakan faktor prognosis. Hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 danMSH6 dapat sebagai penanda MSI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai terjadinya MSI padaKKR di sisi kiri dan sisi kanan kolon melalui Hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 dan MSH6, sertamengetahui hubungan antara TIL dengan MSI-H.Bahan dan Metode :Dilakukan pulasan IHK PMS2 dan MSH6, serta penghitungan TIL. Penilaian dilakukan denganmenghitung hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 dan MSH6 pada inti sel dan dikelompokkan ke dalamkelompok mutasi dan tidak mutasi .Penghitungan TIL juga dikelompokkan ke dalam TIL tinggidan rendah, berdasarkan nilai titik potong Hasil : Didapatkan 27,8% kasus menunjukkan hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 dan MSH6 dengan 14,4%kasus di distal kolon. TIL terbanyak di distal kolon 30% kasus. Tidak terdapat perbedaanbermakna antara mutasi PMS2 dan MSH6 dengan lokasi (p=0,829) dan TIL (p=0,187). Terdapatperbedaan bermakna antara usia dan lokasi (p=0,020) serta peningkatan ekspresi PMS2 denganMSH6 (p=0,06).Kesimpulan :MSI-H ditemukan pada 27,8% kasus. Penggunaan PMS2 dan MSH6 pada penelitian ini belumdapat menggantikan 4 panel IHK. Terdapat kecenderungan dimana adenokarsinoma NOSmemiliki frekuensi mutasi lebih tinggi dari adenokarsinoma musinosum.ABSTRACT Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the world second leading cause of death from all types of cancer.CRC can be caused by a defect of MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker ofDNA MMR defect. CRC MSI-H has a certain characteristic figures. Tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes (TIL) isone of prognostic factor. Loss expression of the PMS2 and MSH6 can beuse as a marker of MSI. This study aims to assess the occurrence of MSI in CRC on the left sideand the right side of the colon through the loss of expression of PMS2 and MSH6, anddetermine the relationship between TIL with MSI-H. Materials and Methods :Immunohistochemical staining using two marker, there is PMS2 and MSH6. We also countingthe number of TIL. Assessment by calculating the loss expression of PMS2 and MSH6 in the cellnuclei and divided into two groups, the mutations and non mutations . TIL result also groupedinto high and low, based on the cutoff point. Result :There are 27.8% of cases showed loss of expression of PMS 2 and MSH6 with 14.4% of cases inthe distal colon. About 30% TIL cases located in distal colon. There were no significantdifferences between PMS2 and MSH6 mutation with the location (p = 0.829) and TIL (p =0.187). There are significant differences between age and location (p = 0.020) and increasedexpression of PMS2 with MSH6 (p = 0.06). \ Conclusion :MSI-H was found in 27.8% of cases. The use of PMS2 and MSH6 in this study have not beenable to replace 4 panels of IHC. There is a tendency where the adenocarcinoma NOS have ahigher mutation frequency than mucinous adenocarcinoma. ;Background :Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the world second leading cause of death from all types of cancer.CRC can be caused by a defect of MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker ofDNA MMR defect. CRC MSI-H has a certain characteristic figures. Tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes (TIL) isone of prognostic factor. Loss expression of the PMS2 and MSH6 can beuse as a marker of MSI. This study aims to assess the occurrence of MSI in CRC on the left sideand the right side of the colon through the loss of expression of PMS2 and MSH6, anddetermine the relationship between TIL with MSI-H. Materials and Methods :Immunohistochemical staining using two marker, there is PMS2 and MSH6. We also countingthe number of TIL. Assessment by calculating the loss expression of PMS2 and MSH6 in the cellnuclei and divided into two groups, the mutations and non mutations . TIL result also groupedinto high and low, based on the cutoff point. Result :There are 27.8% of cases showed loss of expression of PMS 2 and MSH6 with 14.4% of cases inthe distal colon. About 30% TIL cases located in distal colon. There were no significantdifferences between PMS2 and MSH6 mutation with the location (p = 0.829) and TIL (p =0.187). There are significant differences between age and location (p = 0.020) and increasedexpression of PMS2 with MSH6 (p = 0.06). \ Conclusion :MSI-H was found in 27.8% of cases. The use of PMS2 and MSH6 in this study have not beenable to replace 4 panels of IHC. There is a tendency where the adenocarcinoma NOS have ahigher mutation frequency than mucinous adenocarcinoma. ;Background :Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the world second leading cause of death from all types of cancer.CRC can be caused by a defect of MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker ofDNA MMR defect. CRC MSI-H has a certain characteristic figures. Tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes (TIL) isone of prognostic factor. Loss expression of the PMS2 and MSH6 can beuse as a marker of MSI. This study aims to assess the occurrence of MSI in CRC on the left sideand the right side of the colon through the loss of expression of PMS2 and MSH6, anddetermine the relationship between TIL with MSI-H. Materials and Methods :Immunohistochemical staining using two marker, there is PMS2 and MSH6. We also countingthe number of TIL. Assessment by calculating the loss expression of PMS2 and MSH6 in the cellnuclei and divided into two groups, the mutations and non mutations . TIL result also groupedinto high and low, based on the cutoff point. Result :There are 27.8% of cases showed loss of expression of PMS 2 and MSH6 with 14.4% of cases inthe distal colon. About 30% TIL cases located in distal colon. There were no significantdifferences between PMS2 and MSH6 mutation with the location (p = 0.829) and TIL (p =0.187). There are significant differences between age and location (p = 0.020) and increasedexpression of PMS2 with MSH6 (p = 0.06). \ Conclusion :MSI-H was found in 27.8% of cases. The use of PMS2 and MSH6 in this study have not beenable to replace 4 panels of IHC. There is a tendency where the adenocarcinoma NOS have ahigher mutation frequency than mucinous adenocarcinoma. "

"Karsinoma kolorektal (KKR) merupakan tumor ganas saluran cerna dan menjadi penyebab kematian keempat terbanyak akibat penyakit keganasan di seluruh dunia. Gejala klinik KKR sering tidak spesifik mengakibatkan sebagian besar kasus terdiagnosis pada stadium lanjut. Kolonoskopi masih digunakan sebagai baku emas penegakan diagnosis KKR, namun terdapat kendala akses pasien untuk kolonoskopi akibat keterbatasan fasilitas. Pemeriksaan darah samar merupakan metode penapisan awal KKR yang relatif murah dan tidak invasif. Pemeriksaan darah samar yang sering dilakukan menggunakan metode guaiac-based FOBT (gFOBT) atau Fecal Immunochemical Tes (FIT). Sistem skoring Asia Pasific Colorectal Cancer Screening (APCS) merupakan suatu cara untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penapisan pasien berdasarkan data umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga menderita neoplasma kolorektal, dan riwayat merokok. Saat ini di Indonesia belum diketahui peran kombinasi sistem skoring APCS dan pemeriksaan darah samar feses untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi penapisan karsinoma kolorektal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis kombinasi pemeriksaan darah samar feses dan skor APCS dibandingkan dengan histopatologi sebagai baku emas. Penelitian ini memeriksa 78 pasien tersangka KKR yang diperiksa darah samar feses metode gFOBT dan FIT, dihitung skor APCS dan dilakukan biopsi kolonoskopi. Pemeriksaan FIT memiliki nilai prediktif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode gFOBT. Hasil uji diagnostik kombinasi pemeriksaan darah samar feses dengan skor APCS ≥ 2 menunjukkan kombinasi skor APCS dengan metode FIT memiliki nilai spesifisitas, prediksi positif, prediksi negatif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi metode gFOBT dan skor APCS ≥ 2.

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Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract and the fourth cause of death due to malignancy throughout the world. The clinical symptoms of CRC are not specific resulting in advanced stage when first diagnosed. Colonoscopy is used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of CRC, but there are difficulties for patient to access colonoscopy due to limited facilities. Occult blood test is relatively cheap and non-invasive initial screening methods. Occult blood test is often done using the guaiac-based (gFOBT) or Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) methods. The Asia-Pacific Colorectal Cancer Screening (APCS) scoring system is a tool to increase patient screening efficiency based on risks factor developed in the Asia-Pacific region, including age, sex, family history of colorectal neoplasm, and smoking history. At present the role of the APCS scoring system and fecal occult blood test to increase effectiveness and efficiency of colorectal carcinoma screening in Indonesia is still unknown. This study was aimed to analyze the combination of feccal occult blood test with APCS score showed in accordance with histopatology results. FIT has better predictive value compared to gFOBT. Combination of APCS score ≥ 2 and FIT is also gives higher specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value compared when combined with gFOBT."