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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas perubahan perspektif keamanan insani di Indonesia dalam studi kasus amandemen UUD 1945, beserta analisis penelitian kualitatif dan analisis intelijen dalam pembahasannya serta berusaha mengetahui strategi yang tepat untuk menghadapi ancaman yang meliputi kelemahan-kelemahan yang diperspektifkan negatif dari hasil penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam. Selain menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan analisis hermeneutika dalam studi pustaka juga dilakukan analisis intelijen atas ancaman yaitu melalui analisis SWOT guna menghasilkan kesimpulan dan rekomendasi bagi pengambil kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan perspektif keamanan insani di Indonesia dari studi kasus amandemen UUD 1945 memperlihatkan adanya perspektif negatif dan perspektif positif dari perubahan yang terjadi. Dari temuan data hasil penelitian tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa perspektif keamanan insani di Indonesia masih harus dikonstruksikan. Adapun strategi yang digunakan untuk mengurangi ancaman dari perubahan perspektif dalam hal ini perspektif negatif yaitu merebaknya individualisme menggantikan kolektivisme gotong royong dan hilangnya peran negara digantikan kuatnya sektor swasta dan pribadi maka perlu ditempuh upaya penguatan perspektif positif keamanan insani dengan melibatkan peran negara melalui pendekatan sekuritisasi yang tepat dan pelibatan alat keamanan untuk pemenuhan keamanan insani melalui reformasi regulasi yang lebih manifest (intrinsik) dalam mengatur soal keamanan insani di dalam regulasi pemerintah

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ABSTRACT
This thesis describes the perspective of human security changes in Indonesia in a case study of the 1945 amendment, along with the analysis of qualitative research and analysis of intelligence in the discussion as well as trying to find the right strategy to deal with threats that include weaknesses that negative views of the research results. This study uses qualitative research methods through literature and in-depth interviews. In addition to qualitative analysis and analysis of hermeneutics in literature study was also conducted intelligence analysis of threats is through the SWOT analysis in order to produce conclusions and recommendations for policymakers. Results showed changes in the perspective of human security in Indonesia from 1945 amendment case study shows a negative perspective and a positive perspective on the changes that occur. From the findings of the research data shows that the perspective of human security in Indonesia still has to be constructed. The strategies used to reduce the threat of a change of perspective in this case a negative perspective, namely the spread of individualism replacing collectivism mutual assistance and the loss of the role of the state replaced the strength of the private sector and private then need to be taken efforts to strengthen the positive perspective of human security by involving the country through an approach of securitization right and the involvement of security tools for the fulfillment of human security through regulatory reform is more manifest (intrinsic) in regulating the human security within government regulations

Abstrak :
Perdebatan konseptual keamanan maritim diawali oleh perdebatan konseptual mengenai sea power. Konsepsi keamanan maritim itu sendiri pertama kali muncul di Barat pada tahun 1990-an akibat dari mencuatnya kasus-kasus kejahatan maritim, seperti terorisme maritim, pembajakan dan perampokan bersenjata, penangkapan ikan ilegal, perdagangan manusia, dan pencemaran laut. Tinjauan pustaka ini menggunakan kerangka matriks keamanan maritim Bueger untuk mendefinisikan konsep keamanan maritim Indonesia yang berusaha melihat hubungan antara keamanan maritim dengan konsep lain yang berkaitan. Setidaknya terdapat empat konsep yang berkaitan dengan keamanan maritim, yaitu (1) keamanan nasional, (2) keamanan laut, (3) ekonomi biru, dan (4) keamanan insani. Tinjauan pustaka ini menyajikan perkembangan keamanan maritim Indonesia melalui keempat perspektif tersebut, serta bahasan minor yang kemudian muncul dalam literatur-literatur keamanan maritim Indonesia. Melalui keempat perspektif tersebut, penulis mencermati bahwa cakupan bahasan dalam literatur keamanan maritim Indonesia adalah bahasan mengenai keamanan laut, penanggulangan isu dan ancaman maritim, pengaturan kebijakan dan regulasi maritim, serta strategi maritim. Tinjauan pustaka ini juga memperlihatkan area konsensus berupa konsep keamanan maritim dapat ditelusuri maknanya dengan melihat korelasinya pada tema lain yang berkaitan, tumpang tindih kewenangan antar institusi maritim, TNI AL sebagai kekuatan utama maritim, dan ancaman keamanan maritim. Area perdebatan berupa keamanan maritim dalam studi keamanan, tradisional vs non-tradisional; perspektif keamanan nasional dalam diplomasi maritim Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia, memudar vs tidak memudar; komando keamanan maritim, multi-agen vs single-agen; serta keamanan maritim Indonesia dalam rule-based order vs realpolitik. Kesenjangan literatur yang ditemukan berupa minimnya jumlah literatur dalam bentuk buku (monograf) maupun bab dalam buku mengenai perdebatan konseptual keamanan maritim yang ditulis oleh penulis Indonesia dan masih sedikit literatur yang berisi pembahasan menyeluruh mengenai peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tugas pokok dan fungsi (Tupoksi) 12 instansi keamanan laut, yang menyebabkan tumpang tindihnya kewenangan antara instansi maritim. Selain itu, tinjauan pustaka ini juga menunjukkan persebaran asal penulis literatur keamanan maritim Indonesia dan paradigma ilmu hubungan internasional yang digunakan dalam literaturnya masing-masing. Tinjauan pustaka ini kemudian juga merekomendasikan penelitian lanjutan perdebatan konseptual keamanan maritim Indonesia menggunakan dua kerangka lainnya dari Bueger, yaitu (1) kerangka sekuritisasi maritim dan (2) Praktik Keamanan dan Komunitas Praktik. ......The conceptual debate on maritime security was preceded by a conceptual debate regarding sea power. The concept of maritime security itself first appeared in the West in the 1990s as a result of the emergence of cases of maritime crimes, such as maritime terrorism, piracy and armed robbery, illegal fishing, human trafficking, and marine pollution. This literature review uses the Bueger maritime security matrix framework to define the concept of Indonesian maritime security which seeks to see the relationship between maritime security and other related concepts. There are at least four concepts related to maritime security, namely (1) national security, (2) maritime security, (3) blue economy, and (4) human security. This literature review presents the development of Indonesia’s maritime security through these four perspectives, as well as minor discussions that have subsequently appeared in the Indonesia’s maritime security literature. Through these four perspectives, the authors observe that the scope of discussion in the Indonesian maritime security literature is the discussion of maritime security, overcoming maritime issues and threats, setting maritime policies and regulations, and maritime strategy. This literature review also shows consensus area in Indonesia’s maritime security can be traced by looking at its correlation to other related themes, overlapping authority between maritime institutions, the Indonesian Navy as the main maritime power, and maritime security threats. The area of debate are: maritime security in security studies, traditional vs non-traditional; the perspective of national security in Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy as the Global Maritime Fulcrum, fades vs does not fade; maritime security commando, multi-agent vs single-agent; and Indonesia’s maritime security in rule-based order vs realpolitik. Literature gaps found are: lack of literature in the form of books (monographs) and chapters in books that discussed the conceptual debate of maritime security written by Indonesian authors and there is only a small amount of literature that contains a comprehensive discussion of the laws and regulations governing main tasks and functions (Tupoksi), which causes overlapping authority between maritime agencies. In addition, this literature review also shows the distribution of authors’ origins of Indonesian maritime security literature and the paradigm of international relations used in their respective literature. This literature review then also recommends further research into the conceptual debate of Indonesia’s maritime security using two other frameworks from Bueger, namely (1) maritime securitization framework and (2) Security Practices and Community of Practice.