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Abstrak :
Problem of poor children should not stop at the point where children's family can be blamed from being poor. The writer argues that the state has to take responsibility due to its duty to provide welfareness to society. However, in reality, the writer also argues there are many government's policies which contradict and do not really reflect the best interest of children. It is the writer's intention to see the state provides more pro-children policy so as to be in line with what the state has positioned children as the next generation of society.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berusaha menganalisis bagaimana bentuk dan pengaruh kebijakan negara pasca-perubahan politik yang terjadi di Rusia dan Ukraina pada karakteristik oligarki yang ada di kedua negara. Adapun keberadaan oligarki yang ada di Rusia dan Ukraina sejak 1990-an, sering dianggap negatif oleh masyarakat, karena dianggap menimbulkan kesenjangan sosial, berusaha menguasai negara demi kepentingan pribadi (state capture), melanggengkan praktik korupsi, dan masih banyak lagi. Relasi oligarki dengan negara pun memiliki dinamikanya tersendiri, seperti lewat perubahan politik yang terjadi di Rusia dan Ukraina. Perubahan tersebut menjadi peluang bagi pemerintahan baru untuk menata ulang relasi negara dan oligarki, sehingga mampu memengaruhi karakteristik oligarki yang ada. Untuk mengkaji lebih dalam topik penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teori oligarki yang dikemukakan oleh Jeffrey Winters (2011). Sementara itu, metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan lewat studi pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, dapat dilihat bahwa kebijakan negara pasca-perubahan politik menemui hasil yang berbeda di Rusia dan Ukraina. Di Rusia, kebijakan negara berupa penindakan oligark yang membangkang berhasil mengubah karakteristik oligarki. Sedangkan Ukraina dengan upayanya menerapkan reformasi hukum maupun konsentrasi kekuasaan di tangan kepresidenan, cenderung gagal memengaruhi perilaku oligarki yang ada. ......This research attempts to analyze the forms and effects of governmental (or state) policy after the political changes in Russia and Ukraine on the characteristics of the oligarchs that exist in both countries. Oligarchies has existed in Russia and Ukraine since the 1990s, but people often perceive them negatively, because they are seen as creating social inequality, attempting to capture the state, perpetuating corrupt practices, and many more. With the political changes in Russia and Ukraine, the dynamics of the oligarchy-state relationship have also changed. New governments' policies and actions have influenced or changed the characteristics of the existing oligarchy. This research uses the theory and typology of oligarchy proposed by Jeffrey Winters (2011) as the primary analytical framework to explain these dynamics of change. In addition, this research used the qualitative method, with data collection carried out through a literature study. Based on these findings, this paper concluded that the state policy towards the oligarchy in Russia and Ukraine, adopted after political changes, had different results. In Russia, the state policy of eliminating unruly oligarchs succeeded in changing the characteristics of the oligarchy. Meanwhile, in Ukraine, many policies (such as implementing various reforms or consolidating power in the hands of the presidency) failed to change the characteristics of the oligarchy.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini menganalisis perumusan kebijakan perubahan Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 2003 di Komisi VI DPR RI. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan kerangka penafsiran konstruktivisme digunakan untuk mengetahui argumentasi dan gagasan aktor kebijakan dalam merumuskan perubahan undang-undang tersebut dalam konteks menjembatani konstitusi ekonomi yang berkarakter sosialis dengan neoliberalisme yang tumbuh menjadi mazhab tunggal ekonomi dunia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perbaikan tata kelola BUMN merupakan argumentasi utama perubahan undang-undang. Temuan berikutnya adalah gagasan untuk memperkuat pengawasan rakyat melalui DPR RI dan posisi negara untuk menghadapi neoliberalisme yang tumbuh sebagai mazhab tunggal ekonomi dunia. Hal ini didasarkan kepada konstitusi ekonomi dan pengalaman banyak negara yang mampu mengambil banyak manfaat ekonomi dari neoliberalisme dan kapitalisme seraya meneguhkan peran negara. Relasi negara, rakyat dan pasar yang berjalan seimbang dengan porsi terbesar ada pada negara adalah karakter dari perubahan undang-undang ini. Di samping itu ditemukan pula bahwa kapasitas dan wawasan aktor kebijakan menjadi faktor penentu dalam proses perumusan kebijakan bukan lagi ideologi partai. Penelitian ini memprediksikan pengelolan BUMN pasca perubahan Undang-Undang BUMN akan semakin berkualitas. ...... This thesis analyzes the policy of law amendment no 19 of 2003 in commission VI of the House of Representatives. Qualitative constructivism method is used to know the argumentations and ideas of the policy actors in formulating the amandment of law to bridge the socialist constitution of the economy with neo-liberalism that grows into a single school of world economy. The results found that improvements in State Owned Enterprises (SEOs) governance are the main arguments for the amandment. The next finding is the idea of strengthening people's oversight through the House of Representatives and the position of the state to deal with the growing neoliberalism as a single school of world economy. It is based on the economic constitution and the experience of many countries that are able to take many economic benefits from neoliberalism and capitalism while reinforcing the role of the state. Relation of the state, people and markets that run in balance with the greatest position in the state is the character of the amendment of this law. Besides, it was also found that the capacity and insight of policy actors become the decisive factor in the process of policy formulation, it is no longer the ideology of the party. This study predicts the management of SOEs after the law amandmemt of state-owned companies will be more qualified.