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"Pendahuluan: Di Asia Tenggara, angka kecelakaan merupakan peringkat ke-9 pada daftar penyebab kematian. Kekerasan akibat benda tumpul sendiri menyebabkan hampir tiga ribu kematian di Amerika pada tahun 2007-2011. Kekerasan tumpul, terutama pada dada dapat menyebabkan komplikasi pada organ dalam seperti jantung, paru, pembuluh, saraf, bahkan tulang dan otot. Komplikasi inilah yang dapat menjadi penyebab kematian seseorang. Akan tetapi, tidak semua jenazah yang ada selalu diotopsi sehingga penyebab kematian korban tidak dapat diketahui dengan benar. Epidemiologi forensik sebagai cabang ilmu kedokteran forensik yang baru berkembang digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara temuan luka akibat kekerasan tumpul di dada dengan kerusakan organ dalam.Metode: Subjek penelitian ini adalah 135 mayat yang diotopsi di Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal FKUI-RSCM dengan temuan luka akibat kekerasan tumpul di dada. Dari rekam medik korban yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, data jenis temuan luka dan kerusakan organ diinput ke dalam SPSS dan dilihat persebaran datanya serta dicari hubungannya.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan hubungan bermakna (P<0,05) antara luka lecet di dada kanan dengan kerusakan iga kanan (P=0,00) dan iga kiri (P=0,005), luka lecet di dada kiri dengan kerusakan iga kiri (P=0,038), luka terbuka tepi tidak rata di dada kiri dengan kerusakan iga kanan (P=0,021), dan diafragma (P=0,028).Pembahasan: Hubungan kebermaknaan ini disebabkan oleh adanya hubungan secara anatomis antara luka luar dengan kerusakan organ dalam yang dipengaruhi juga oleh jenis luka akibat perbedaan gaya trauma yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan perlukaan tersebut.;Introduction: Accident is the 9th leading cause of death in South-East Asia.

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Blunt force trauma caused almost three thousand deaths in United States of America from 2007 until 2011. Blunt force trauma in chest can cause complications to the visceral organs such as heart, lungs, vessels, nerves, even bones and muscles. These complications could be a cause of death. But, not all corpses always get autopsied so that the real cause of death could not be known right.Method: Subject of this research was 135 corpses that were autopsied in Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Department FKUI-RSCM with blunt force trauma findings in chest. From the medical record that is suitable with the inclusion and exclusion criterias, the type of blunt force trauma findings and the visceral organ damages were inputted, described by the data’s distribution, andanalyzed to find the relation.Result: Significant result (P<0.05) found in four variable correlations, which are the relation between abrasions in right chest with right ribs damages (P=0.00) and left ribs damages (P=0.005), abrasions in left chest with left ribs damages (P=0.038), and lacerations in left chest with right ribs damage (P=0.021) and diaphragm damage (P=0.028). Discussion: These significant results caused by the anatomical relation between the blunt force trauma findings and"

"[Pendahuluan: Epidemiologi forensik merupakan disiplin ilmu yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu investigasi kasus. Dengan pendekatan ini, dapat ditentukan adanya hubungan antara suatu paparan dengan cedera atau dampak yang terjadi. Salah satu paparan yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia ialah kekerasan fisik, termasuk kekerasan tumpul. Kekerasan tumpul menempati 70,9% proporsi jenis cedera. Abdomen merupakan salah satu bagian tubuh yang rentan mengalami kerusakan akibat kekerasan fisik dikarenakan strukturnya yang lemah dan kendur karena tidak dilindungi oleh tulang, melainkan hanya tersusun atas kulit, fascia, dan otot yang membentuk dinding rongga abdomen. Kerusakan organ dalam di daerah abdomen sulit diidentifikasi karena umumnya tidak ditemukan adanya bentuk luka khas pada pemeriksaan fisik luar. Oleh sebab itu, pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis hubungan antara temuan luka pada kekerasan tumpul di abdomen dengan kerusakan organ dalamnya.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain cross-sectional berdasarkan data sekunder berupa laporan visum dan rekam medis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2003-2013 dengan metode consecutive sampling.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara temuan luka lecet atau memar di beberapa regio abdomen dengan kerusakan organ tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subjek laki-laki sebanyak 25 orang (69,44%) dan perempuan sebanyak 11 orang (30,56%) dengan kelompok usia terbanyak pada 21-40 tahun sejumlah 14 kasus (28,89%). Dari uji hipotesis Fisher diperoleh hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara temuan luka kekerasan tumpul (lecet dan memar) di epigastrium dengan kerusakan ginjal kiri (p = 0,028), temuan luka kekerasan tumpul di epigastrium dengan kerusakan lambung (p = 0,042), temuan luka kekerasan tumpul di umbilikus dengan kerusakan lambung (p = 0,042), temuan luka kekerasan tumpul di umbilikus dengan kerusakan pankreas (p = 0,042), temuan luka kekerasan tumpul di hipokondria kiri dengan kerusakan hati (p = 0,006), dan temuan luka kekerasan tumpul (lecet dan memar) di hipogastrium dengan kerusakan hati (p = 0,023).Pembahasan: Adanya hubungan antara temuan luka luar di abdomen dengan kerusakan organ dalam dimungkinkan akibat keterkaitan secara anatomi, baik karena dampak tekanan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang dihantarkan oleh otot ataupun organ lainnya yang terletak berdekatan.;Introduction: Forensic epidemiology can be used to solve the criminal cases. This approach may determine the correlation between an exposure and the damages caused by the trauma. In Indonesia, blunt trauma account for 70,9% injury. Abdomen is part of the human body that vulnerable to damage caused by force injury as intra-abdominal organs consist of delicate and soft structure which aren’t completely protected by bones. Damage to the intra-abdominal organs are difficult to recognize as it is uncommon to find the definite external wound. This study is conducted to analyze the association between external wound caused by blunt trauma and the damage to the intra-abdominal organs.Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, using secondary data from forensic examination report and medical record of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2003-2013 with consecutive sampling method.Result: The result implicates there was association between scratch or bruise wound from external forensic examination in various abdomen regions and damage to intra-abdominal organs. The study involved 25 males (69,44%), 11 females (30,56%), and most of the subjects were aged 21-40 years in 14 cases (28,89%). By performing Fisher test: there was significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the left kidney (p = 0,028), significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the pancreas (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the left hypochondriac and damage to the liver (p = 0,006), and significant association between scratches or bruises in the hypogastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,023).Discussion: The correlation between external wound in abdomen and the organ damages could be caused by anatomical association or indirect impact from the other adjacent organs;Introduction: Forensic epidemiology can be used to solve the criminal cases. This approach may determine the correlation between an exposure and the damages caused by the trauma. In Indonesia, blunt trauma account for 70,9% injury. Abdomen is part of the human body that vulnerable to damage caused by force injury as intra-abdominal organs consist of delicate and soft structure which aren’t completely protected by bones. Damage to the intra-abdominal organs are difficult to recognize as it is uncommon to find the definite external wound. This study is conducted to analyze the association between external wound caused by blunt trauma and the damage to the intra-abdominal organs.Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, using secondary data from forensic examination report and medical record of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2003-2013 with consecutive sampling method.Result: The result implicates there was association between scratch or bruise wound from external forensic examination in various abdomen regions and damage to intra-abdominal organs. The study involved 25 males (69,44%), 11 females (30,56%), and most of the subjects were aged 21-40 years in 14 cases (28,89%). By performing Fisher test: there was significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the left kidney (p = 0,028), significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the pancreas (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the left hypochondriac and damage to the liver (p = 0,006), and significant association between scratches or bruises in the hypogastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,023).Discussion: The correlation between external wound in abdomen and the organ damages could be caused by anatomical association or indirect impact from the other adjacent organs;Introduction: Forensic epidemiology can be used to solve the criminal cases. This approach may determine the correlation between an exposure and the damages caused by the trauma. In Indonesia, blunt trauma account for 70,9% injury. Abdomen is part of the human body that vulnerable to damage caused by force injury as intra-abdominal organs consist of delicate and soft structure which aren’t completely protected by bones. Damage to the intra-abdominal organs are difficult to recognize as it is uncommon to find the definite external wound. This study is conducted to analyze the association between external wound caused by blunt trauma and the damage to the intra-abdominal organs.Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, using secondary data from forensic examination report and medical record of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2003-2013 with consecutive sampling method.Result: The result implicates there was association between scratch or bruise wound from external forensic examination in various abdomen regions and damage to intra-abdominal organs. The study involved 25 males (69,44%), 11 females (30,56%), and most of the subjects were aged 21-40 years in 14 cases (28,89%). By performing Fisher test: there was significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the left kidney (p = 0,028), significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the pancreas (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the left hypochondriac and damage to the liver (p = 0,006), and significant association between scratches or bruises in the hypogastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,023).Discussion: The correlation between external wound in abdomen and the organ damages could be caused by anatomical association or indirect impact from the other adjacent organs, Introduction: Forensic epidemiology can be used to solve the criminal cases. This approach may determine the correlation between an exposure and the damages caused by the trauma. In Indonesia, blunt trauma account for 70,9% injury. Abdomen is part of the human body that vulnerable to damage caused by force injury as intra-abdominal organs consist of delicate and soft structure which aren’t completely protected by bones. Damage to the intra-abdominal organs are difficult to recognize as it is uncommon to find the definite external wound. This study is conducted to analyze the association between external wound caused by blunt trauma and the damage to the intra-abdominal organs.Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, using secondary data from forensic examination report and medical record of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2003-2013 with consecutive sampling method.Result: The result implicates there was association between scratch or bruise wound from external forensic examination in various abdomen regions and damage to intra-abdominal organs. The study involved 25 males (69,44%), 11 females (30,56%), and most of the subjects were aged 21-40 years in 14 cases (28,89%). By performing Fisher test: there was significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the left kidney (p = 0,028), significant association between scratches or bruises in the epigastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the stomach (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the umbilicus and damage to the pancreas (p = 0,042), significant association between scratches or bruises in the left hypochondriac and damage to the liver (p = 0,006), and significant association between scratches or bruises in the hypogastrium and damage to the stomach (p = 0,023).Discussion: The correlation between external wound in abdomen and the organ damages could be caused by anatomical association or indirect impact from the other adjacent organs]"