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"Santalum album L.(sandalwood/cendana)is known as one of medicinal and arometic tree species in Indonesia.The species is valued for its quality light wood timber and and for its medicinal properties...."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik lima spesies ikan cupang menggunakan DNA mitokondria 16S rRNA sebagai DNA target. Amplifikasi daerah 16S rRNA dilakukan menggunakan primer 16S rRNA forward dan 16S rRNA reverse. Hasil elektroforesis produk PCR menunjukkan bahwa daerah 16S rRNA lima spesies ikan cupang berukuran 500?600 bp. Berdasarkan hasil alignment sekuens sampel, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman genetik dari kelima spesies ikan cupang. Analisis filogenetik menggunakan metode Neighbor Joining (NJ), menunjukan kekerabatan lima spesies ikan cupang. Betta unimaculata, Betta pallifina, dan Betta strohi yang merupakan spesies dari Kalimantan berkerabat dekat dibandingkan dengan Betta bellica dan Betta imbellis yang berasal dari Sumatera. Kekerabatan spesies ikan cupang yang berasal dari Kalimantan dan Sumatera cukup jauh, yaitu ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan percabangan dalam pohon filogenetik.

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This study aims to determine the genetic variation of five species Betta fish using mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA as the DNA target. The primer set of 16S rRNA forward and 16S rRNA reverse were used to amplify the 16S rRNA region. Gel electrophoresis result showed that the size of 16S rRNA of those Betta fish were 500?600 base pair. Based on sequence alignment result that showed genetic diversity of five spesies Betta fish. Phylogenetic analysis by Neighbor Joining (NJ) method showed a genetic relationship or kinship of five spesies Betta fish. Betta unimaculata, Betta pallifina, and Betta strohi from Kalimantan are related more closely compared to Betta imbellis and Betta bellica from Sumatera. Kinship of Betta fish from Kalimantan is far enough with Betta fish from Sumatera, that indicated by the difference in the cluster of phylogenetic tree."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik dan kekerabatan ikan cupang menggunakan sekuens Cytochrome Oxidase I. Keragaman genetik diketahui menggunakan sekuens Cytochrome Oxidase I. Amplifikasi Cytochrome Oxidase I dilakukan menggunakan primer HCO dan LCO dengan hasil sekuens yang diperoleh berukuran 680 pb. Hasil alignment sekuens menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang kurang signifikan pada B. imbellis, sedangkan pada B. pallifina, B. patoti, dan B. unimaculata menunjukkan keragaman yang cukup signifikan. Tiga spesies ikan cupang dari Kalimantan memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat. Namun demikian, kekerabatan ikan cupang dari Kalimantan dengan ikan cupang dari Sumatera cukup jauh.

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This study aims to determine the genetic diversity and kinship of fighting fish using Cytochrome Oxidase I. Cytochrome Oxidase I is used to know the genetic diversity of fighting fish. Primer HCO and LCO were used to amplify 680 bp of Cytochrome Oxidase I. The results of sequence alignment showed less significant genetic diversity for B. imbellis, whereas B. pallifina, B. patoti, and B. unimaculata show significant diversity. Three species of fighting fish from Kalimantan are closely related. However, the kinship of fighting fish from Kalimantan with fighting fish from Sumatra are far enough."

"Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. is a popular timber and medicinal tree species in Indonesia.The species is valued for its quality light wood timber and for its medicinal properties. Information on its existing genetic potential is currently lacking. The present study was carried out to optimize PCR and to screen primers among accessions collected from different part of region in Indonesia using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in order to suggest appropriate primer and PCR conditions used in A.scholaris. Results showed that 26 primers generated 575 scorable bands of which 524 (92 %) were polymorphic. Fourteen highly polymorphic primers (100% polymorphic) are recorded from 48 primer used, i.e.OPA-2, OPA-03, OPA-05, OPA-06, OPA-10,OPA-12, OPA-15, OPA-18, OPA-19, OPC-03, OPC-10, OPC-12, OPC-17, and OPN-14. Based on the RAPD markers, a dendrogram was constructed using the UPGMA method.The range of genetic distance was from 0.18-0.45.The molecular dara grouped the genotypes into three main clusters."

"Studi keragaman genetik dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan bakteri asam laktat indigenos Indonesia yang memiliki kemampuan resistansi terhadap chloramphenicol dan erythromycin. Hasil uji resistansi menunjukkan bahwa isolat DH1, DH7, dan S34 resistan terhadap chloramphenicol (5 μg/ml), sedangkan isolat T8 resistan terhadap erythromycin (15 μg/ml). Isolat D2, S23, dan T8 diketahui resistan terhadap kombinasi chloramphenicol dan erythromycin (1 μg/ml).Analisis BLAST menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri asam laktat terdiri atas Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, Pediococcus acidilactici, dan P. pentosaceus. Analisis pohon filogenetik diketahui bahwa isolat D2, S12, S34, T3, dan T8 memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat dengan L. plantarum. Isolat R31 dan DH1 memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat dengan L. fermentum. Isolat LK14, S23, R24, DH7,DS13, GR3, HB3 memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat dengan genus Pediococcus.

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Study on genetic diversity was useful to determine the kinship of Indigenous Indonesia lactic acid bacteria which have the capability of resistance to chloramphenicol and erythromycin. The resistance test showed isolates DH1, DH7, and S34 that were resistant to chloramphenicol (5 μg/ml), whereas T8 was resistant to erythromycin (15 μg/ml). Isolates D2, S23, and T8 were remain resistant to the combination of chloramphenicol and erythromycin (1 μg/ml).

The results of BLAST analysis showed that there were four different species of lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and P. pentosaceus. The results of phylogenetic trees analysis showed that isolates D2, S12, S34, T3, and T8 have a close kinship with L. plantarum, whereas isolates R31 and DH1 have a close kinship with L. fermentum. Moreover, isolates LK14, S23, R24, DH7, DS13, GR3, HB3 have a close kinship to the genus Pediococcus."