"[
ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Gangguan cemas dan depresi merupakan global burden of disease.
Prevalensi gangguan cemas dan depresi untuk penduduk Indonesia sebesar 11,6%,
di DKI Jakarta sebesar 14,1% dengan angka tertinggi ada di Jakarta Pusat sebesar
23,0%. Meskipun angkanya besar, namun banyak orang dengan gangguan cemas
dan depresi mengalami kesenjangan pengobatan (treatment gap) yang disebabkan
oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran
mendalam tentang ungkapan stres (idiom of distress) untuk gejala cemas dan
depresi juga tentang perilaku mencari pertolongan terkait dengan ungkapan stres
tersebut pada pasien yang datang berobat ke layanan kesehatan primer.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam
pada responden yang telah diketahui mengalami gejala cemas dan depresi melalui
penapisan dengan menggunakan instrumen Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ).
Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Gambir dan waktu pelaksanaan pada bulan
September 2013 sampai Juli 2014.
Hasil: Data penelitian diperoleh dari tiga orang responden yang ketiganya
tergolong dalam initial somatizer dengan keluhan somatik multipel. Ungkapan
yang diberikan berupa bahasa daerah, bahasa Indonesia, peribahasa, bahasa asing
(Belanda, Inggris). Ketiganya juga diketahui memiliki stresor biologis, psikologis,
sosial-ekonomi, dan agama/ budaya. Seluruh responden memilih untuk meminta
pertolongan ke fasilitas kesehatan, namun tidak pernah mengungkapkan keluhan
terkait perasaannya dan tenaga kesehatan tidak pernah menanyakan.
Pembahasan: Keluhan somatik multipel mungkin merupakan suatu bentuk
ungkapan stres terkait gejala cemas dan depresi yang lebih dapat diterima secara
sosial. Ungkapan stres ini juga dipengaruhi oleh bahasa atau kebudayaan
seseorang. Pola perilaku mencari dipengaruhi keluhan fisiknya sehingga mencari
pertolongan medis dan tidak pernah mengakses ke layanan kesehatan jiwa.
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Anxiety and depression disorders are the global burden of disease.
The prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders of Indonesia's population is
11.6%. In Jakarta it is 14.1% and the highest rate in Central Jakarta is amounted to
23.0%. Although it is high prevalence, many people with anxiety and depression
disorders have treatment gap caused by various factors. This study aims to gain a
deeper understanding of the idiom of distress for anxiety and depression?s
symptom, also for help-seeking behavior related to the idiom of distress on
patients who come for a treatment to primary health care.
Method: This study is a qualitative with in-depth interviews in respondents who
have been known to have symptoms of anxiety and depression through a
screening using the instruments of Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The
study was conducted at the Gambir Primary Health Care from September 2013
until July 2014.
Result: The data was obtained from three respondents who were classified in the
initial somatizer with multiple somatic complaints. The phrase is given in the
form of the local language, Indonesian, proverbs, and foreign languages (Dutch,
English). All three respondents are known to have biological stressors,
psychological, socio-economic, and religious/ cultural. All respondents chose to
ask for help at a health facility, but never revealed their feelings and health
personnel never asked about their feelings.
Discussion: Multiple somatic complaints may constitute the idiom of distress
related to the symptoms of anxiety and depression that is socially more
acceptable. The idiom of distress is also influenced by the personal language or
the culture. The help-seeking behavior is influenced by the physical complaints to
seek medical help and not to have an access to the mental health services., Introduction: Anxiety and depression disorders are the global burden of disease.
The prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders of Indonesia's population is
11.6%. In Jakarta it is 14.1% and the highest rate in Central Jakarta is amounted to
23.0%. Although it is high prevalence, many people with anxiety and depression
disorders have treatment gap caused by various factors. This study aims to gain a
deeper understanding of the idiom of distress for anxiety and depression’s
symptom, also for help-seeking behavior related to the idiom of distress on
patients who come for a treatment to primary health care.
Method: This study is a qualitative with in-depth interviews in respondents who
have been known to have symptoms of anxiety and depression through a
screening using the instruments of Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The
study was conducted at the Gambir Primary Health Care from September 2013
until July 2014.
Result: The data was obtained from three respondents who were classified in the
initial somatizer with multiple somatic complaints. The phrase is given in the
form of the local language, Indonesian, proverbs, and foreign languages (Dutch,
English). All three respondents are known to have biological stressors,
psychological, socio-economic, and religious/ cultural. All respondents chose to
ask for help at a health facility, but never revealed their feelings and health
personnel never asked about their feelings.
Discussion: Multiple somatic complaints may constitute the idiom of distress
related to the symptoms of anxiety and depression that is socially more
acceptable. The idiom of distress is also influenced by the personal language or
the culture. The help-seeking behavior is influenced by the physical complaints to
seek medical help and not to have an access to the mental health services.]"
