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"The emergence of the computer as an aid to education, with its unlimited range of instructional control optionsavailable to designer and user supports the vast development of coursewares. Hundreds of coursewares, aim to increaselearners’ learning outcomes were developed. However, to have a courseware fits with learners’ characteristics manyissues need to be explored. Referring to Resnick’s (1989) definition of learning as knowledge construction, it is criticalfor coursewares to support learners in the process of acquiring, retaining, and retrieving different kinds of knowledgeand performance. In acquiring, retaining, and retrieving information learners use procedures known as cognitivestrategies. It is assumed that cognitive strategies are integral to the process of learning, but initiation of their use maycome from the learner’s self-instruction, or, from an instructional unit or system. This study intends to show howcourseware design affects the use of cognitive strategies, especially from the high-school learners in Indonesia. A closeexamination on the psychological processes in learning was made to address questions: (a) how does screen densityaffect the use of cognitive strategies? (b) Does material presented in a linear format differs with material presented innon-linear (hypertext-based) in producing learner’s learning outcomes? The results show that learners employed bettercognitive strategies when presented with 25% text density material compare to 60%. Hypertext-based courseware wasalso found to have an effect on how learner processed the information."

"Terdapat berbagai penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa pembelajaran secara kolaboratif menunjukkan hasil yang sangat positif yakni meningkatnya hasil proses belajar, meningkatnya performa tim yang terkait dengan pemahaman suatu pengetahuan. Metodologi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan diantaranya tahap identifikasi dan analisis data, perancangan desain sistem, tahap implementasi, dan tahap evaluasi. Sistem yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan pada knowledge construction learning environment yang bertujuan untuk menyediakan sarana bagi para peserta ajar untuk mengartikulasikan pendapat mereka, mendiskusikan ide mereka kepada orang lain, untuk membedakan perspektif yang mereka miliki, mengadopsi ide-ide dari orang lain, mengklarifikasi terjadinya ketidaksepahaman, menegosiasikan pemahaman dan merumuskan pengetahuan agar menjadi produk yang bernilai. Untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan tersebut, penulis akan merancang sebuah sistem pembelajaran kolaboratif online yang menerapkan pendekatan knowledge construction dalam melakukan kolaborasi antar-Peserta.

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There were several researches that stated collaborative learning approach shows a very positive result in the improvement of study result and in the enhancement of team performance related to the understanding of knowledge. The research methodology that is being implemented in this thesis consists of identification, data analysis, system design, implementation, and evaluation stage. The system that is being developed in this research based on a knowledge construction learning environment that aimed to provide students the facility for articulating, discussing ideas to others, distinguishing perspectives, adopting ideas from others, clarifying any misunderstanding, negotiating for an agreement, and constructing knowledge to formulate valuable learning output. To achieve those goals, the author has designed a learning system which provides collaborative tools based on the knowledge construction approach. The knowledge construction approach comprises six learning phases, which are the Articulation, Clarification, Argumentation, Negotiation, and Integration phase. Each of the phases provides collaborative tools which facilitate the learning process of the student."

"The emergence of the computer as an aid to education, with its unlimited range of instructional control options available to designer and user supports the vast development of coursewares. Hundreds of coursewares, aim to increase learners? learning outcomes were developed. However, to have a courseware fits with learners? characteristics many issues need to be explored. Referring to Resnick?s (1989) definition of learning as knowledge construction, it is critical for coursewares to support learners in the process of acquiring, retaining, and retrieving different kinds of knowledge and performance. In acquiring, retaining, and retrieving information learners use procedures known as cognitive strategies. It is assumed that cognitive strategies are integral to the process of learning, but initiation of their use may come from the learner?s self-instruction, or, from an instructional unit or system. This study intends to show how courseware design affects the use of cognitive strategies, especially from the high-school learners in Indonesia. A close examination on the psychological processes in learning was made to address questions: (a) how does screen density affect the use of cognitive strategies? (b) Does material presented in a linear format differs with material presented in non-linear (hypertext-based) in producing learner?s learning outcomes? The results show that learners employed better cognitive strategies when presented with 25% text density material compare to 60%. Hypertext-based courseware was also found to have an effect on how learner processed the information."