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Abstrak :
Lanskap linguistik berkaitan dengan bagaimana sebuah bahasa ditampilkan, dikelola, dan dimanifestasikan di ruang publik. Salah satu ruang publik yang menjadi ruang bagi lanskap adalah stasiun kereta. Stasiun Manggarai merupakan stasiun kereta di Jakarta Selatan yang memiliki mobilitas yang sangat tinggi. Peran lanskap linguistik menjadi sangat penting untuk mengorganisasi lingkungan stasiun dan menyampaikan informasi serta arahan bagi para pengguna jasa layanan kereta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan kecenderungan pelaku, penggunaan bahasa, dan efektivitas kalimat yang ditunjukkan lanskap-lanskap di Stasiun Manggarai. Data penelitian dibagi atas dua kelompok, yakni data visual statis sebanyak 86 dan data visual dinamis sebanyak 26. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori pendekatan Gorter, Ben-Rafael dkk., Utorodewo dkk., dan Malabar sebagai pisau analisisnya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pelaku otoritas publik mendominasi data lanskap visual statis. Adapun pada data lanskap visual dinamis menunjukkan agregasi yang berimbang antara otoritas publik dan swasta. Variasi penggunaan bahasa Indonesia-Inggris secara bilingual paling banyak digunakan di antara kedua kelompok data. Sementara analisis terhadap kalimatnya menunjukkan secara umum telah efektif, tetapi terdapat beberapa lanskap yang perlu perhatian lebih dalam kesalahan penulisan kosakata bahasa Indonesianya. ......The linguistic landscape is concerned with how language is displayed, managed and manifested in public spaces. One of the public spaces that become a space for landscape is the train station. Manggarai Station is a train station in South Jakarta that has very high mobility. The role of linguistic landscape becomes very important to organize the station environment and convey information and directions for train service users. This study aims to describe the tendency of actors, language use, and sentence effectiveness shown by the landscapes at Manggarai Station. The research data is divided into two groups, namely 86 static visual data and 26 dynamic visual data. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the Gorter, Ben-Rafael et al., Utorodewo et al., and Malabar approach theories as the analytical knife. The results showed that public authority actors dominated the static visual landscape data. The dynamic visual landscape data shows a balanced aggregation between public and private authorities. Variations in the use of Indonesian-English bilingually are most widely used between the two data groups. While the analysis of the sentences shows that they are generally effective, there are some landscapes that need more attention in the Indonesian vocabulary writing errors.

Abstrak :
Lanskap linguistik berkaitan dengan bagaimana sebuah bahasa ditampilkan, dikelola, dan dimanifestasikan di ruang publik. Salah satu ruang publik yang menjadi ruang bagi lanskap adalah stasiun kereta. Stasiun Manggarai merupakan stasiun kereta di Jakarta Selatan yang memiliki mobilitas yang sangat tinggi. Peran lanskap linguistik menjadi sangat penting untuk mengorganisasi lingkungan stasiun dan menyampaikan informasi serta arahan bagi para pengguna jasa layanan kereta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan kecenderungan pelaku, penggunaan bahasa, dan efektivitas kalimat yang ditunjukkan lanskap-lanskap di Stasiun Manggarai. Data penelitian dibagi atas dua kelompok, yakni data visual statis sebanyak 86 dan data visual dinamis sebanyak 26. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori pendekatan Gorter, Ben-Rafael dkk., Utorodewo dkk., dan Malabar sebagai pisau analisisnya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pelaku otoritas publik mendominasi data lanskap visual statis. Adapun pada data lanskap visual dinamis menunjukkan agregasi yang berimbang antara otoritas publik dan swasta. Variasi penggunaan bahasa Indonesia-Inggris secara bilingual paling banyak digunakan di antara kedua kelompok data. Sementara analisis terhadap kalimatnya menunjukkan secara umum telah efektif, tetapi terdapat beberapa lanskap yang perlu perhatian lebih dalam kesalahan penulisan kosakata bahasa Indonesianya. ......The linguistic landscape is concerned with how language is displayed, managed and manifested in public spaces. One of the public spaces that become a space for landscape is the train station. Manggarai Station is a train station in South Jakarta that has very high mobility. The role of linguistic landscape becomes very important to organize the station environment and convey information and directions for train service users. This study aims to describe the tendency of actors, language use, and sentence effectiveness shown by the landscapes at Manggarai Station. The research data is divided into two groups, namely 86 static visual data and 26 dynamic visual data. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the Gorter, Ben-Rafael et al., Utorodewo et al., and Malabar approach theories as the analytical knife. The results showed that public authority actors dominated the static visual landscape data. The dynamic visual landscape data shows a balanced aggregation between public and private authorities. Variations in the use of Indonesian-English bilingually are most widely used between the two data groups. While the analysis of the sentences shows that they are generally effective, there are some landscapes that need more attention in the Indonesian vocabulary writing errors.

Abstrak :
During dutch colonization, Java island was not only famous as one of the island in East India Archipelago which produced spices but also prepared workers who had a good endurance to fulfill the needs of colonial exploitation. This situation lasted since the beginning of VOC until Daendels 'arrival, new Governor General in 1808. As a new holder of the highest power in Java , he had received two basic orders from Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor,who controlled Dutch at this moment i.e.to defend Java against the attack of British naval fleet, and to improve Dutch colonial administration in Java.During his governance, Deandels tried to apply well operation's instruction that given by louis Napoleon, Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's brother who had been installed as King of Holland. In terms of the Rembouillet Treaty in 1810, the Emperor decided to govern himself Holland because it had a geographically strategic position vis-a-vis British naval strengh in defending Europe. The governmental change in Holland brought out many consequences, especially in all Dutch colonies included Java. After receiving instruction from the Minister of Marine and Colony, Dandels stated that Java was a territory under France Emperor's protection. The commander in chief of British admiralty in Port Loui ordered to Lord Minto, British Governor General in Madras, India for preparing a grand design to subdue Java. After Deandels' statement that Java was an inseparable part of French's global influence sphere, British admiralty took an important decision that Java had to be invaded and controlled.So British government in London agreed the admiralty's plan to mobilize all naval strength in South Africa and Ceylon for attack preparation againts to combined French-Dutch army in Java. According the decision, the attack would be launched in August, 1811. This great event changed Java's strategically value from a spice island to be a strategically central point for the European colonial politic constilation.

Abstrak :
Mega-Konstelasi Satelit di Low Earth Orbit (MegaLEO) merupakan fenomena eksplorasi dan pemanfaatan ruang angkasa baru yang didorong oleh kemajuan teknologi. Peluncuran MegaLEO berpotensi menghasilkan space debris yang mengancam lingkungan ruang angkasa. Karakteristik teknis MegaLEO membuat potensi timbulnya space debris yang berada di Orbit Bumi, terutama LEO, menjadi semakin tinggi. Berdasarkan hukum internasional, negara-negara memiliki kewajiban internasional untuk tidak mencemari lingkungan ruang angkasa. Mitigasi space debris merupakan hal penting yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjamin setiap negara bertanggung jawab untuk menjaga lingkungan ruang angkasa dari harmful contamination. Beragam organisasi internasional telah mengeluarkan instrumen-instrumen pedoman mitigasi space debris seperti UNCOPUOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines dan IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines dan telah diinkorporasikan di tingkat nasional oleh negara-negara, utamanya spacefaring nations. Penelitian ini bertujuan ini melihat bagaimana mitigasi space debris yang berpotensi dihasilkan oleh MegaLEO diatur dalam hukum internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian tersebut adalah yuridis normatif atau doktrinal. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa upaya mitigasi space debris yang ada saat ini belum cukup untuk menekan pertumbuhan space debris dan belum dapat secara efektif mengatasi masalah space debris yang disebabkan oleh MegaLEO. Hal ini didasari pada peningkatan keberadaan space debris di orbit bumi sejak MegaLEO diluncurkan. Dengan demikian, perlu dilakukannya pengkajian ulang atas guidelines mitigasi space debris yang dan perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan terkait penerapan upaya penanggulangan space debris lainnya seperti upaya remediasi berupa Active Debris Removal. ......Mega-Constellation of Satellites in Low Earth Orbit (MegaLEO) is a new phenomenon of space exploration and utilization driven by technological advances. The launch of MegaLEO has the potential to produce space debris that threatens the space environment. The technical characteristics of MegaLEO make the potential creation of space debris in Earth orbit, especially LEO, even higher. Under international law, states have an international obligation not to pollute the space environment. Space debris mitigation is an important thing that can be done to ensure that every country is responsible for protecting the space environment from harmful contamination. Various international organizations have issued space debris mitigation guidance instruments such as the UNCOPUOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and have been incorporated at the national level by countries, especially by spacefaring nations. The aim of this research is to look at how mitigation of space debris that could potentially be generated by MegaLEO is regulated in international law. The research method used to answer the research objectives is normative juridical or doctrinal. This research found that existing space debris mitigation efforts are not sufficient to suppress the growth of space debris and cannot effectively overcome the space debris problem caused by MegaLEO. This is based on the increase in the presence of space debris in Earth's orbit since MegaLEO was launched. Thus, it is necessary to review the existing space debris mitigation guidelines and further research needs to be carried out regarding the implementation of other space debris management efforts, such as remediation efforts in the form of Active Debris Removal.