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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung faktor karakteristik wanita, faktor suami/pasangan dan faktor program terhadap pilihan metode kontrasepsi pil/suntik, melalui keinginan wanita punya anak lagi berdasarkan data hasil Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012. Hasil analisis jalur menunjukan terdapat pengaruh langsung dan pengaruh tidak langsung, melalui keinginan wanita punya anak lagi antara faktor karakteristik wanita, faktor suami/pasangan dan faktor program terhadap pilihan metode kontrasepsi pil/suntik. Pendidikan wanita tidak sekolah atau tidak tamat SD mempunyai pengaruh total tertinggi, diikuti oleh pengambilan keputusan untuk ber-KB dan umur wanita 25-34 tahun. ......The objective of this research is to study direct and indirect effect of women characteristic factors, husband factors, and program factors to the preference on contraceptive injection or pill through women desire for more children based on Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012 data. Pathway analysis show that women characteristic factors, husband and program factors have direct and indirect effect to the preference on contraceptive injection or pill. Women who have no education have the highest total effect, followed by women decide to family planning and women age between 25-34 years old."

"ABSTRAKTekanan darah tinggi dapat menyebabkan kematian dini, terjadinya gagal jantung serta penyakit cerebrovasculer. Alat kontrasepsi pil KB dapat menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi pada wanita.Tujuan penelitian adalah diketahuinya hubungan pemakaian kontrasepsi pil KB kombinasi dengan tekanan darah tinggi pada wanita PUS Metode penelitian adalah kasus kontrol, dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan, pada Bulan Pebruari-Maret 2010 dengan jumlah sampel 96 responden. Sampel kasus adalah wanita PUS dengan hasil pemeriksaan tekanan darah ≥ 140/90 mm Hg.Hasil penelitian adalah pemakaian pil KB kombinasi behubungan bermakna dengan tekanan darah tinggi OR 3,51 (95% CI 1,03?11,91), pernah memakai OR 2,71(95% CI; 0,71?10,32) Faktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan pemakaian pil KB kombinasi dengan tekanan darah tinggi pada wanita PUS adalah umur, riwayat keluarga tekanan darah tinggi dan obesitas. Wanita PUS pemakai kontrasepsi pil KB kombinasi dianjurkan mengontrol tekanan darah 6 bulan 1 kali untuk mencegah resiko tekanan darah tinggi.

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ABSTRACT

Hypertension is a risk factor of congessive heart failure and cerebral vascular diseases. Oral contraceptive could causes hypertension on women.

The objective of this research was to study the correlation usage of combination oral contraceptive with hypertension on married women in reproductive age Case control study design was used in this research, was done at Primary Health Care Center of Grogol Petamburan, on February to March 2010. Ninety six respondent were participation in this research. Sample for case group were taken from visitors with blood pressure more or equal to 140/90 mm Hg.

The result showed that usage of combination oral contraseptive have risk to causes hypertension in users OR 3,51 (95% CI 1,03?11,91), and in past use OR 2,71 (95% CI; 0,71?10,32). The confounding factor that affected the relationship between usage of combination oral contraceptive and hypertension were age, history illness of hypertension of family and obesitas. Married women in reproductive age who have using combination oral contraceptive were recommended to check the blood pressure regularly at least every 6 months to prevent of hypertension occurrence."

"Menopause merupakan menstruasi yang berhenti secara permanen yangdisebabkan kehilangan fungsi folikel sel-sel telur. Wanita yang memasukimenopause mengalami penurunan hormon estrogen yang menggangguaktivitas sehari-hari, bahkan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Penggunaan kon-trasepsi pil berhubungan dengan penundaan usia dan keluhan menopause.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan kon-trasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause. Penelitian ini menggunakan desainpotong lintang. Populasi adalah wanita menopause di Pos PembinaanTerpadu (Posbindu) Kota Depok. Sampel pada penelitian adalah wanitamenopause yang berusia 45 _ 60 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel se-cara purposive sampling subjek dengan besar sampel 407 orang. Analisismultivariat pada penelitian ini menggunakan cox proportional hazard model.Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara lamapenggunaan kontrasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause baik sebelum mau-pun sesudah dikontrol variabel kovariat, yaitu tingkat pendidikan. Namundemikian, masih diperlukan penelitian lain dengan menggunakan desainpenelitian kohort prospektif untuk dapat melihat hubungan temporal antaralama penggunaan kontrasepsi pil terhadap usia menopause.Menopause is marked with the permanent cessation of menstruation due tothe loss of follicles. Earlier menopause will be likely to increase the riskfactors relating to declined estrogen level, such as osteoporosis that canlead to early death. A woman entering menopause period often experiencesdeclined estrogen hormone that causes her to have complaints or distur-bances that hinder her daily activities and even reduce her quality of life.However, the use of oral contraceptive poses a correlation with the post-poning of menopause age and complaints. The primary aim of this studywas to examine the relation of oral contraceptive use and age atmenopause. This was an observational study with cross-sectional studydesign. Population in this study was all menopausal women in integratedtraining post (Posbindu), Depok. The sample was menopausal womenamong 45 _ 60 years old. Sample was 407 menopausal women takenpurposive sampling. The data was analysed by cox?s proportional hazardanalysed. The longer use of oral contraceptive was not associated with ageat menopause before and after adjusted for confounding variable (educa-tion). However, another similar studies was still needed with prospectivekohort study design to know temporality causal of longer use of oralcontraceptive and age at menopause."