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"It has been investigated the plant of Cinnamomum burmannii Nees ex Blume from the West Sumatera as sources of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. Extraction with n-hexane and ethanol showed the activities of antioxidant as radical scavenger and as the antibacteria againt Escherichia coli. Fractional from the crude extract on silica gel column with the n-hexaneethyl acetate solven gradient system for the n-hexane crude extract and the ethyl acetate-methanol solven gradient system for the ethanol crude extract yield three fractions. They are examined with radical scavenger method. The n-hexane crude extract and its fraction showed weak of antioxidant capacity but the ethanol crude extract and the two its fractions showed very powerful of antioxidant capacity with IC50 9.0 ppm, 7,8 ppm and 11.2 ppm respectively. A Fraction from the n-hexane crude extract (fraction A) and two fractions from the ethanol crude extract ( fraction B and fraction C) were analyzed UV, IR and GC-MS. Fraction A consist of trans cinnamaldehyde (54, 41 %), cinnamate acid (20,49 %), benzaldehyde (7,95 %) dan α-phenylacetaldehyde (4,30 %). Fraction B consist of trans–cinnamaldehyde (68,65 %), methyl cinnamate (9,20 %), methyl hexadecanoic (8,49 %) and methyl-9-Octadecenoic (6,99 %). Fraction C consist of ethyl tetradecanoic (43,56 %), ethyl laurate (39,48 %), ethyl hexadecanoic (12,16 %), dioctyl hexenedioic (2,98 %) and diisooctyl 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic (1,83 %). Keywords: Antioxidant , Antibacteria activities, Cinnamomum burmanniiNees ex Blume, Escherichia coli, Radical Scavenger ."

"NADES digunakan sebagai alternatif pelarut hijau alami yang memiliki potensi untuk menggantikan pelarut organik konvensional yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan karena NADES bersifat biodegradable. Kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) adalah sumber tanaman yang mengandung trans-cinnamaldehyde dan coumarin yang memiliki efek farmakologis. Dalam penelitian ini, ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode refluks menggunakan etanol 96% dan metode Ekstraksi Berbantuan Ultrasonik menggunakan Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES), untuk mendapatkan kadar trans-sinamaldehyde dan kumarin yang optimal dari kulit kayu manis. Optimasi dilakukan pada dua variabel, yaitu persen kenaikan air dalam NADES berbasis kolin klorida dan waktu ekstraksi. Penentuan kadar trans-cinamaldehyde dan kumarin dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (HPLC) dengan fase gerak 0,04% larutan asam asetat glasial-asetonitril (40:60 v/v) dan dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 280 nm. Kondisi optimal diperoleh pada saat ekstraksi 40 menit dengan penambahan air 50% persen ke NADES. Penambahan air dan waktu ekstraksi memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil ekstraksi. Dalam ekstraksi metode UEA menggunakan tingkat NADES trans-cinamaldehyde dan kumarin masing-masing diperoleh pada 9,87 dan 11,09 mg/g simplisia. Sementara itu, ekstraksi metode refluks menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% diperoleh tingkat trans-sinamaldehida dan kumarin masing-masing adalah 1,47 dan 3,92 mg/g simplisia. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa NADES mampu menarik lebih banyak senyawa trans-cinamaldehyde dan kumarin dibandingkan dengan 96% etanol.

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NADES is used as an alternative to natural green solvents which has the potential to replace conventional organic solvents which are harmful to the environment because NADES is biodegradable. Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) is a source of plants containing trans-cinnamaldehyde and coumarin which has pharmacological effects. In this study, extraction was carried out by reflux method using 96% ethanol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction method using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES), to obtain optimum levels of trans-sinamaldehyde and coumarin from cinnamon bark. Optimization is carried out on two variables, namely the percent increase of water in the choline chloride-based NADES and the extraction time. Determination of trans-cinamaldehyde and coumarin levels was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a mobile phase of 0.04% solution of glacial-acetonitrile acetic acid (40:60 v/v) and detected at a wavelength of 280 nm. The optimum conditions were obtained at the time of extraction of 40 minutes with 50% percent water addition to NADES. The addition of water and extraction time has an influence on the extraction yield. In the extraction of the UAE method using NADES levels of trans-cinamaldehyde and coumarin were obtained at 9.87 and 11.09 mg/g simplicia, respectively. Meanwhile, the extraction of the reflux method using 96% ethanol solvent obtained levels of trans-sinamaldehyde and coumarin were 1.47 and 3.92 mg/g simplicia, respectively. These results indicate that NADES is able to attract more trans-cinamaldehyde and coumarin compounds compared to 96% ethanol."

"Pelarut organik memiliki beberapa masalah seperti toksisitas terhadap manusia dan beban lingkungan. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) adalah pelarut yang lebih ramah lingkungan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa biomarker tanaman dibandingkan dengan pelarut organik. Dalam penelitian ini, NADES digunakan sebagai pelarut untuk ekstraksi kulit kayu manis Cinnamomum burmannii yang mengandung biomarker trans-cinnamaldehyde dan kumarin. Optimalisasi ekstraksi untuk mendapatkan kandungan trans-cinnamaldehyde optimal dilakukan dengan menentukan jenis NADES (asam betaine-laktat, asam betain-malat, asam betain-malat dengan perbandingan 1: 1), penambahan air NADES (20) %, 40% dan 60%), waktu ekstraksi (10 menit, 30 menit, dan 50 menit) menggunakan Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), dan rasio pelarut sampel adalah 1:10. Sebagai perbandingan, ekstraksi konvensional dilakukan dengan metode soxhlet menggunakan etanol 96%, rasio sampel-pelarut 1: 10, dan ekstraksi 5 jam (3 siklus). Penentuan trans-cinnamaldehyde dan coumarin dilakukan dengan metode High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Analisis kondisi optimal untuk kadar trans-cinnamaldehyde dan kumarin dilakukan dengan metode ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NADES asam betaine-laktat dengan penambahan air 40% dan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit menghasilkan kandungan trans-cinnamaldehyde tertinggi, yaitu 8,76 mg / g dan kadar kumarin 9,52 mg / g. Dalam metode ekstraksi soxhlet, hasil trans-cinnamaldehyde yang diperoleh adalah 0,71 mg / g dan kandungan kumarin adalah 4,25 mg / g. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode ekstraksi asam laktat UAE-NADES dapat mengekstraksi trans-cinnamaldehyde lebih baik daripada metode soxhlet dengan etanol 96%.

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Organic solvents have several problems such as toxicity to humans and the environmental burden. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) is a more environmentally friendly solvent for extracting plant biomarker compounds compared to organic solvents. In this study, NADES was used as a solvent for the extraction of Cinnamomum burmannii cinnamon bark containing trans-cinnamaldehyde and coumarin biomarkers. Optimization of extraction to obtain optimal trans-cinnamaldehyde content is done by determining the type of NADES (betaine-lactic acid, betain-malic acid, betain-malic acid in a ratio of 1: 1), addition of NADES water (20)%, 40% and 60%) , extraction time (10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 50 minutes) using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and the solvent ratio of the sample was 1:10. As a comparison, conventional extraction was carried out using the Soxhlet method using ethanol 96%, a sample-solvent ratio of 1: 10, and extraction of 5 hours (3 cycles). The determination of trans-cinnamaldehyde and coumarin was carried out using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Analysis of the optimal conditions for trans-cinnamaldehyde and coumarin levels was performed by the ANOVA method. The results showed that NADES betaine-lactic acid with the addition of 40% water and 30 minutes extraction time produced the highest trans-cinnamaldehyde content, which was 8.76 mg / g and coumarin levels 9.52 mg / g. In the soxhlet extraction method, the yield of trans-cinnamaldehyde obtained is 0.71 mg / g and the coumarin content is 4.25 mg / g. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the UAE-NADES lactic acid extraction method can extract trans-cinnamaldehyde better than the soxhlet method with 96% ethanol."