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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang dapat berkontribusi pada anemia ibu menyusui. Belum adanya prevalensi khusus anemia pada ibu menyusui menjadi masalah baru karena anemia pada ibu menyusui dapat memberikan dampak buruk kepada ibu dan bayinya. Selain itu, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia pada ibu menyusui belum diketahui secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan metode pengambilan sampel konsekutif yang melibatkan 74 subjek ibu menyusui berusia 20-35 tahun yang melahirkan 3-6 bulan terakhir. Lokasi penelitian berada di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan dan Cilincing, Jakarta, Indonesia pada bulan Februari-April 2019. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data karakteristik dasar dan asupan zat gizi. Pemeriksaan antropometri (indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dan lingkar lengan atas/LiLA) dan laboratorium (hemoglobin, serum feritin, dan serum c-reactive protein) dilakukan. Uji t tidak berpasangan, uji Mann Whitney, dan uji Fisher exact digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor nutrisi dan non-nutrisi dengan anemia. Nilai P< 0,05 dianggap signifikan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan prevalensi anemia 8% dengan anemia defisiensi besi sebesar 3%. Dari faktor nutrisi didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara IMT (p=0,023) dan LiLA (p=0,017) dengan status anemia. Sedangkan tidak didapatkan hubungan antara faktor non nutrisi dengan anemia. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa IMT dan LiLA yang lebih tinggi lebih tidak berisiko untuk terjadinya anemia pada ibu menyusui.......The study aimed to explore contributing factors of anemia in lactating mothers. No prevalence data of anemia in lactating mothers become a new problem because anemia can give bad impacts to both mothers and babies. Beside that, there is lack of knowledge about contributing factors of anemia in lactating mothers. This was a cross sectional study that used consecutive sampling method which recruited 74 subjects of lactating mothers aged 20-35 years old who gave delivery within the last 3-6 months in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Primary Health Care, Jakarta, Indonesia in February to April 2019. Interview was used to collect basic characteristic data and dietary intakes. Anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination (hemoglobin, ferritin serum, and c-reactive protein) were done. T-independent test, Mann Whitney test, and Fisher exact test were used to determine factors associated with anemia. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results showed that the prevalence of anemia is 8% with 3% iron deficiency anemia. Significant correlations were found between BMI (p=0.023) and MUAC (p=0.017) with anemia status. In conclusion, those with higher BMI and MUAC are less likely to develop anemia in lactating mothers."

"Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan bayi dengan standar emas. Walaupun ASI memiliki manfaat yang banyak, akan tetapi presentasi ibu yang menyusui ASI eksklusif terus mengalami penurunan. Berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2010, angka ibu yang memberikan ASI eksklusif untuk bayi 6 bulan turun menjadi 15,3 persen dari yang semula 39 persen pada tahun 2007. Ada beberapa hal yang menyebabkan penurunan angka cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif ini, diantaranya adalah ibu menyusui yang bekerja. Data stastistik menunjukan bahwa wanita bekerja yang berperan ganda saat ini meningkat tajam dari tahun ke tahun, terutama mereka yang hidup di kota-kota besar.Data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) tahun 2003 menunjukan pekerja di Indonesia mencapai 100.316.007 orang dimana 64,6% pekerja laki-laki dan 35,4 % pekerja wanita. Masalah yang terjadi di Kementerian PP-PA adalah belum optimalnya pemanfaatan ruang ASI oleh ibu menyusui yang bekerja walaupun sudah didukung oleh fasilitas dan kebijakan nasional yang ada di lingkup Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan perlindungan anak.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kendala yang berhubungan dengan praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif di lingkup Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan perlindungan anak. Desain penelitian menggunakan studi kualitatif dengan metode Rapid Assessment Prosedure. Sumber informasi berasal dari ibu menyusui dengan ASI eksklusif sebanyak empat orang, ibu menyusui dengan tidak ASI eksklusif sebanyak empat orang, informan kunci sebanyak 3 orang terdiri dari dua atasan dan satu tenaga kesehatan.Hasil penelitian untuk ketersediaan ruang ASI dan fasilitas pendukung, hampir semua informan ibu menyusui (7 dari 8) dan semua informan pejabat serta tenaga kesehatan mengatakan bahwa fasilitas pendukung ruang ASI harus diperbaiki, untuk peranan kebijakan atasan didapatkan hasil sebagian besar dari informan ibu menyusui (5 dari 8) mengatakan ada kendala dalam hal penerapan kebijakan atasan ketika ibu mau melaksanakan proses pemberian ASI eksklusif di kantor, selain itu juga faktor hambatan yang dirasakan ibu menyusui adalah sebagian besar ibu menyusui mengatakan bahwa kendalanya adalah beban kerja yang banyak.Breastfeeding is baby food with the gold standard. Although breastfeeding has many benefits, but the percentage of mothers who breastfeed exclusively, continue to decline. Based on Riskesdas in 2010, a figure shows that mothers who breastfeed infants exclusively for six months fell to 15.3 % of the original 39 % in 2007. There are several things that cause reductions in the scope of this exclusive breastfeeding, such as mothers who work. Statistic data showed that the dual role of working women is currently increasing sharply from year to year, especially those living in big cities.

Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2003 showed workers in Indonesia reaches 100.316.007 of which 64.6% of male workers and 35.4% female workers. Problems that occur in the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection is the non optimal space utilization by lactating working mothers who breastfed, despite being supported by the facility and the existing policy on the scope of the Ministry of Women and Child Protection.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the obstacles related to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the scope of the Ministry of Women and Child Protection. The design of this study is using qualitative studies by the method of Rapid Assessment Procedure. Sources of information derived from exclusive breastfeeding lactating mothers with as many as four people, breastfeeding mothers who are not exclusively breastfed with as many as four people, as well as a key informant as much as three persons consisting of two superiors and one health worker.

The results for the availability of space and facilities to support breastfeeding is that nearly all informants lactating mothers (7 of 8) and all informants and health officials say that the breastfeeding room facilities should be improved. The informant of lactating mothers (5 of 8) says there are constraints in terms of policy implementation from the superior when the mother would carry out the process of exclusive breastfeeding in the office. The other factors that perceived barriers for lactating mothers is mostly the heavy workloads."

"A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of heavy metal contamination and nutritional status of lactating women and children living in a low socio economic urban coastal community. The study was carried out in Kenjeran, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Socio-economically-linked parameters and nutritional status were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were collected from all mothers and children, 94 venous blood and 86 breast milk samples were collected from the mothers and 10 blood samples were obtained from the children. Blood and breast milk samples were analyzed at BATAN1 in Jakarta, BLK2 in Surabaya and at SEAMED laboratory.The median age of the children was 15 months (range: 2-50 months). Median age of mothers and fathers was 26 and 30 years, respectively. The fathers? main occupation was in the private sector (33%) followed by fishermen (24%). Most mothers remained at home (80%). Stunting in children was 25.3% (HAZ<-2 SD), wasting was 9.9% (WHZ<-2 SD) and underweight was 30.8% (WAZ<-2 SD). Anemia was prevalent in 60% of the children (Hb<11g/dL) and 56.4% of the mothers (Hb<12g/dL). High levels of lead (71.3%), cadmium (33%) and mercury (8.5%) were found in the blood of the mothers and high levels of lead (94.2%), cadmium (77.9%) and mercury (34.9%) were found in the breast milk. Levels used to determine "high" Pb, Cd and Hg in blood were 300µg/L, 5gglL and 15µg/L, respectively. Levels used to determine "high" Pb, Cd and Hg in breast milk were 201.tg/L, 5 µgfL and 3.5 µg/L, respectively. Median levels of Pb-B, Cd-B and Hg-B were 416.7µg/L, 22.5 1411, and 6.3 µgfL, respectively. Median levels of Pb-M, Cd-M and Hg-M was 537.6 µg/L, 36µg/L and 0.7 µg/L, respectively. All children exceeded the level of concern for lead in blood recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (10µg/dL). High lead in breast milk was associated with low hemoglobin concentrations in the mothers' blood, and a high mercury concentration in blood was associated with the frequency of fresh fish intake.As a consequence of high heavy metal exposure in the environment, the population of Kenjeran is suffering from adverse health effects. Contaminated breast milk is a major public health concern for the future of the child's mental development and growth. Heavy metal contamination may endanger the health and well-being of the population, reduce work productivity and raise national health costs. Further studies are needed to monitor the extent of heavy metal contamination in coastal communities surrounding urban areas. Improving the micronutrient status of the population, raising public awareness on the negative health effects of metal toxicity, developing strategies to prevent further exposure, improving the quality of drinking water, identifying alternative sources of income and implementing industrial waste control laws are recommended.Notes :1) BATAN : Badan Tenaga Atom National (National Institute for Atomic Energy) in Jakarta.2) BLK : Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan (Laboratory of the Department of Health) in Surabay."

"Pada masa menyusui, kebutuhan gizi ibu mengalami peningkatan. Periode ini merupakan periode penting bagi ibu untuk mengembalikan cadangan gizi ibu setelah melahirkan serta memastikan terpenuhinya kebutuhan energi tambahan untuk menyusui. Namun, berbagai penelitian menemukan bahwa asupan energi ibu menyusui belum memenuhi angka kecukupan yang direkomendasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan asupan energi ibu menyusui di Kecamatan Sawangan, Kota Depok. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder. Terdapat 217 ibu menyusui pada penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ibu menyusui di Kecamatan Sawangan memiliki asupan energi yang tidak adekuat (78,3%). Keragaman konsumsi pangan (p-value 0,006) dan frekuensi makan (p-value 0,015) merupakan faktor yang berkaitan dengan asupan energi ibu menyusui. Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan asupan energi pada ibu menyusui adalah keragaman konsumsi pangan. Ibu menyusui yang konsumsinya tidak beragam berisiko 2,507 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengonsumsi energi tidak adekuat dibandingkan ibu dengan konsumsi beragam, setelah dilakukan kontrol terhadap variabel lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan intervensi pada ibu menyusui salah satunya dengan pemberian makanan tambahan agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizinya sehingga dapat memberikan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif selama 6 bulan.......Nutritional needs of mothers are increased during lactation. This period is crucial to replenish their nutrient reserves after childbirth and ensure the fulfillment of additional energy requirements for lactation. However, various studies have reported that energy intake of lactating mothers still falls short of the recommended adequacy levels. This study aimed to identify factors associated with energy intake among lactating mothers at Sawangan District, Depok City. This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design utilizing secondary data. There were 217 lactating mothers included in this study. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. This study revealed that the majority of lactating mothers at Sawangan District had inadequate energy intake (78,3%). Dietary diversity (p-value 0,006) and eating frequency (p-value 0,015) were found to be factors associated with the energy intake of lactating mothers. The dominant factor was dietary diversity. Breastfeeding mothers who had less diverse food consumption were at a 2,507 times higher risk of having inadequate energy intake compared to mothers with diverse consumption, after controlling for other variables. Therefore, interventions are needed, including the provision of supplementary food, to help lactating mothers meet their nutritional needs and continue providing exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months."