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Abstrak :
Speakers of Malay and Tamil have been in intermittent contact for roughly two millennia, yet extant academic work on the resultant processes of contact, lexical borrowing, and language mixing at the interface of these two speech communities has only exposed the tip of the proverbial iceberg. This paper presents an historical overview of language contact between Malay and Tamil through time and across the Bay of Bengal. It concludes with a call for future studies on the lexicology, dialectology, and use of colloquial language of both Malay and Tamil varieties.

Abstrak :
Woirata (or Oirata, see Van Engelenhoven in this volume) is closely related to Fataluku (Timor-Leste) and belongs to the Timor-Leste subgroup of the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family (TAP) together with Makalero and Makasai (Schapper, Huber, and Van Engelenhoven 2012). It has about 1,566 speakers. Taber (1993) suggests that there are 24 languages in Southwest Maluku of which 23 are Austronesian; Woirata is the only non-Austronesian language in the area. It is interesting to research in how far Woirata has been influenced by Austronesian languages. Because the Woirata and other people who live on Kisar Island, like the Meher, are using Melayu Tenggara Jauh (MTJ) as their lingua franca, one may expect deep language contact between Woirata and MTJ. This multilingual situation suggests a contact induced language change of Woirata, imposed by MTJ. This contribution aims to describe the causative constructions in Woirata and compare them with the counterpart constructions in MTJ and Meher.

Abstrak :
This article examines multi-verb directional motion constructions in Surinamese Javanese, a heritage language undergoing structural influence from Dutch and Sranantongo. These are constructions which express 'direction away' by means of a V2 lunga 'go away'. They are more frequent - and used with more different V1s - than in Indonesian Javanese, the baseline. The frequency change is a pattern change, a result of cross-linguistic transfer from Sranantongo, in which multi-verb constructions to express 'direction away' are very frequent. The extension of the usage contexts to more V1s is a form of semantic extension, and it is the first stage of contact-induced grammaticalization. This is caused by entrenchment of the schema motion verb + away, which exists in both Dutch and Sranantongo. The meaning of the constructions is also changing: whereas in Indonesian Javanese the directional element never refers to the causee alone, it frequently does in Surinamese Javanese. Finally, some preliminary observations are made with respect to the possible development of a parallel construction expressing 'direction towards' with V2 teka 'come', modeled on the Sranantongo multi-verb constructions with V2 kon 'come'.

Abstrak :
This article concerns establishing a plausible connection between the word jang(an) in colloquial Malay varieties and jang-, a form which negates infinitives, in the diasporic contact variety Sri Lankan Malay. The principal claim is that jang(an) marks irrealis modality in Southeast Asian Malay varieties, in which it is frequently (optionally) deployed in negative subjunctive-like embedded clauses. A related claim, dependent on the first of the two, is that the irrealis interpretation conveyed by jang(an) makes it a semantically plausible bridge from a Malay grammar with clausal symmetry to the grammar of Sri Lankan Malay. In Sri Lankan Malay, embedded clauses are frequently non-finite, with infinitives similarly conveying irrealis meaning. Sri Lankan Malay jang- is in complementary distribution with the affirmative infinitival prefix me-, which is also derived from a marker of irrealis modality (mau) in colloquial Southeast Asian Malay varieties.

Abstrak :
Sejumlah literatur menunjukkan, bahwa pada komunitas bilingual atau multilingual dimungkinkan terjadinya kontak bahasa. Penggunaan salah satu bahasa akan berkaitan dengan tindak identitas. Di samping itu, salah satu cara mendefinisikan identitas etnik seringkali dapat dilihat pada kesetiaan memelihara bahasa minoritas dan bahasa daerah nonstandard. Tulisan ini mempelajari penggunaan bahasa Betawi dalam tindak komunikasi orang Betawi di Condet Bale Kambang, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian dengan pendekatan etnografi komunikasi dan metode pengamatan terlibat, wawancara, serta perekaman ini ingin melihat bagaimana penggunaan bahasa Betawi dalam komunikasi sehari-hari dalam sejumlah speech event yang terjadi di masyarakat Condet Bale Kambang. Tindak komunikasi yang melibatkan partisipan dari berbagai kelompok umur akan dilihat pada tiga ranah, yaitu keluarga, keagamaan, dan pertemanan. Sejumlah peristiwa tutur pada tiga ranah dianalisis berdasarkan komponen-komponen komunikasi, termasuk di dalamnya analisis alih kode, fenomena generik pada masyarakat multilingual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ranah keluarga pada umumnya bahasa Betawi masih sangat komunikatif. Pada ranah keagamaan, bahasa Betawi digunakan untuk menginterpretasikan pembahasan yang umumnya berbahasa Melayu Tinggi. Sedangkan pada ranah pertemanan, bahasa Betawi pun masih komunikatif. Sebagai salah satu kantong masyarakat Betawi, ternyata orang-orang Condet masih mampu menjaga. keberlangsungan pemakaian bahasa ibunya. Dengan demikian, mereka tetap dapat dilihat identitas etniknya dari tindak komunikasi.

Abstrak :
Rongga is Austronesian language spoken by a minority group of 5.000 speakers in the Regency of East Manggarai at the border with Ngadha, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara Province. In the sociolinguistic context of diglossia in Indonesia, Rongga is highly disadvantaged. This Paper report the finding on loan words in Rongga showing a one-way influence and presure from Indonesian to Rongga. Two prominent linguistic features of Ronnga relevant for the feature of open syllable with certain unique phonemes characterising Rongga phonology. The discussion on the theoretical and practical implications of this preliminary study in terms of processes of language contact, multilingualism and endangerment is also given.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji variasi bahasa dan sentuh bahasa di Kabupaten Pringsewu melalui pendekatan dialektologi. Dengan menggunakan metode pupuan lapangan, penelitian ini menjaring data dengan daftar tanyaan kosakata Swadesh, medan makna anggota Tubuh, dan medan makna gerak dan kerja. Teori yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah geografi dialek Lauder, 2007 dan Chambers dan Trudgill, 2007, pemetaan bahasa Ayatrohaedi, 2002 dan sentuh bahasa McMahon, 1994 dan Thomason, 2001. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di Pringsewu terdapat empat bahasa yang dominan yakni bahasa Lampung, bahasa Jawa, bahasa Sunda, dan bahasa Semendo. Bahasa Lampung di Pringsewu memiliki tiga variasi sub wicara, yakni bahasa Lampung Pesisir, bahasa Lampung Pubian dan bahasa Lampung Komering. Selain itu, terdapat variasi leksikal sampai dengan empat belas etima dengan beberapa korespondensi bunyi dan perubahan bunyi antarbahasa di dalamnya. Perhitungan dialektometri menunjukkan bahwa terdapat banyak wilayah yang sebenarnya memiliki perbedaan bahasa hanya berstatus beda dialek. Keadaan ini terjadi karena adanya sentuh bahasa dan warisan bersama bahasa proto. Sentuh bahasa melalui peminjaman leksikal terjadi lebih banyak secara adopsi daripada adaptasi dan terjadi dalam kategori kontak biasa.

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This research was aimed at investigating language variation and language contact in Pringsewu regency using dialectology approach. By applying field research, this study collected the data using the Swadesh list and lexical fields of body parts and activities. The theories used in this study were dialect geography Lauder, 2007 dan Chambers dan Trudgill, 2007, language mapping Ayatrohaedi, 2002 and language contact McMahon, 1994 dan Thomason, 2001 . This study revealed that there were for main languages in Pringsewu namely Lampungic, Javanese, Sundanese and Semendo. In this study, there are three variations of Lampung language, namely Lampung Pubian, Lampung Pesisir, and Lampung Komering. The lexical variaties can be classified in 14 groups of etyma, and sound correspondence as well as pattern of language changes were found in this study. The result of dialectometry revealed that there were alot of areas categorized as 'different in dialect', whereas they were actually 'different in language'. This was due to the existence of language contact and shared features of proto languages. Language contact in the Lampung villages was in the level of casual contact where lexical adoption borrowing occured more than lexical adaptation one.