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Abstrak :
The protection of intellectual property rughts in developing countries has been problematic since the genesis of the international system in the nineteenth century. From the moment a select group of European countries concluded a multilateral agreement for the protection of industrial property in 1883, non- Western societies, principally in Africa and Asia, were swept under the aegis of the international intellectual property system through the agency of colonial rule.

Abstrak :
Pada tanggal 17 September 2021, Australia, Inggris dan Amerika Serikat menandatangani perjanjian AUKUS yang meletigimasi kepemilikan dan pengembangan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir oleh Australia. Hal ini berimplikasi langsung pada Indonesia yang memiliki kedudukan strategis sebagai jalur perdagangan. Menanggapi hal tersebut, Indonesia telah melaksanakan beberapa langkah politik di tingkat regional maupun di forum multilateral. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa langkah hukum yang dapat ditempuh Indonesia untuk meregulasi navigasi dan keselamatan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir mengingat instrumen hukum laut internasional belum mengakomodasi hal tersebut. Melalui pendekatan hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan teori Critical Legal Studies dan Konsep Politik Hukum, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia perlu meregulasi ketentuan navigasi dan keselamatan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir di tingkat nasional. ...... On 17th of September 2021, Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States signed the AUKUS agreement which legitimises Australia's ownership and development of nuclear powered submarines. This has direct implications for Indonesia, which has a strategic position as a trade route. In response to this, Indonesia has carried out several political steps at the regional level as well as in multilateral forums This research is intended to analyse legal steps that can be taken by Indonesia to regulate the navigation and safety of nuclear-powered submarines considering that international maritime law instruments do not accommodate the concern. Through a normative legal approach, using the theory of Critical Legal Studies and the Concept of Legal Politics, this research finds that Indonesia needs to regulate provisions for the navigation and safety of nuclear-powered submarines at the national level.

Abstrak :
Comparative studies can reveal much about how law is formed out of social reality and political power by exploring these interactions in different national contexts. In this work Mauricio García-Villegas compares ideas about law and society in France and the United States, demonstrating different approaches to sociopolitical legal studies. Using the interdisciplinary tools of the sociology of law, critical legal theory, and sociolegal studies, García-Villegas builds up an insightful overview of what constitutes law and society theory and practice in France and the United States. He brings together diverse perspectives and practices that generally do not communicate well with one another, as is often the case between the critical theory of law of jurists and the legal sociology of sociologists. This study will allow readers to understand the sociology of law in a comparative perspective and sets out a new research agenda for the field of sociopolitical legal studies.