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"Lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for biogas production, but there are various factors which affect the performance of lignocellulosic biomass. Among the various factors, temperature is one of the important factors which play a significant role in biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass. Biogas production was studied for bamboo dust, sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw, all separately mixed with cattle dung. The effect of temperature on biogas production from various lignocellulosic biomasses was studied for temperature range from 35°C to 55°C at steps of 5°C. The objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the effect of temperature on the rate of biogas production from various lignocellulosic biomasses. The new mathematical model is derived by modification of the modified Gompertz model. The new model is found to be suitable for lignocellulosic biomass mixed with cattle dung in the temperature range 35°C to 55°C. The resulting estimated biogas production is found to be highly correlated to the experimental data of present study."

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan bagas sebagai carrier imobilisasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae pada fermentasi bioetanol. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi penggunaan bagas sebagai carrier alternatif untuk imobilisasi dan mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan pendahuluan pada bagas terhadap peningkatan pelekatan sel serta produksi bioetanol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagas dapat digunakan sebagai carrier alternatif untuk imobilisasi sel. Rendemen etanol menggunakan imobilisasi sel 3 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sel bebas. Perlakuan pendahuluan pengukusan dapat meningkatkan retensi sel pada carrier. Rendemen etanol menggunakan imobilisasi sel pada bagas hasil perlakuan pendahuluan meningkat 1,5—2,24 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol.

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ABSTRACTResearch on utilization of sugarcane bagasse as a carrier for Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilization in bioethanol fermentation has been conducted The purpose of the research were to study the capability of sugarcane bagasse as an alternative carrier for cell immobilization and to investigate the effect of pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse to cells adsorption also bioethanol production The results revealed that sugarcane bagasse can be used as an alternative carrier for cell immobilization The yield of ethanol using immobilized cells was three times higher than free cells system Steaming pretreatment can improve cell retention in the carrier The yield of ethanol using immobilized cells on pretreated sugarcane bagasse increased from 1 5 to 2 24 times higher than the control. "

"Secara umum, lignoselulosa terdiri dari selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin yang membentuk struktur kompleks yang sulit dihancurkan. Pretreatment bertujuan untuk mendegradasi hemiselulosa dan lignin dari biomassa lignoselulosa serta meningkatkan aksesibilitas enzim ke selulosa yang merupakan bahan baku untuk proses konversi lebih lanjut menjadi produk bernilai tambah. Bahan biomassa memiliki komposisi lignoselulosa yang berbeda-beda yang dapat mempengaruhi proses pretreatment. Masing-masing strategi pretreatment memiliki kelebihan dan keterbatasan tersendiri. Pretreatment biologis merupakan metode yang ramah lingkungan dan hemat energi karena menggunakan mikroorganisme untuk mengatasi sifat rekalsitran biomassa lignoselulosa. Jamur pelapuk putih mampu mendegradasi lignin melalui produksi enzim ligninolitiknya, berupa lakase, lignin peroksidase (LiP), dan mangan peroksidase (MnP). Tujuan penulisan ini adalah memberikan rangkuman penelitian terkait pretreatment biologis menggunakan jamur pelapuk putih dan mekanismenya sebagai mikroorganisme yang dapat mendegradasi lignin. Selain itu, dibahas juga berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi proses biodelignifikasi. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut terkait optimalisasi berbagai parameter kondisi kultur agar dapat meningkatkan efisiensi proses pretreatment biologis.

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Lignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which form complex structures that are difficult to destroy. Pretreatment is significance for the degradation of hemicelluloses and lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass to make cellulose more accessible for further enzymatic process in its conversion into value-added products. Biomass materials have different lignocellulosic compositions which can affect the pretreatment process and requires certain strategy for effective treatment. While each pretreatment strategy has its own strengths and limitations. Biological pretreatment is considered to be an environmentally friendly process with low energy input and low disposal costs for it utilizes lignin-degrading microorganisms to reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass. White rot fungus are able to degrade lignin by producing ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP). The purpose of this paper is to presents an overview of studies related to biological pretreatment using white rot fungi and its mechanism as a lignin degrading microorganism. In addition, various factors affecting biodelignification process are also discussed. Further research related to parameters optimization of culture conditions is needed in order to increase the efficiency of the biological pretreatment process."