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"Risiko kekurangan energi kronik (KEK) merupakan keadaan dimana remaja putri mempunyai kecenderungan untuk menderita KEK. Kategori risiko KEK di Indonesia didasarkan pada hasil ukur lingkar lengan atas (LILA) kurang dari atau sama dengan 23,5 cm. Apabila KEK terjadi pada remaja dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kemauan belajar dan kesehatan fisik pada remaja putri, mengingat dampak KEK pada remaja putri juga dapat berlanjut hingga dewasa dan dapat berdampak buruk pada masa kehamilan dan melahirkan bayi stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor asupan energi, asupan gizi makro, frekuensi makan, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, citra tubuh, uang saku, dan pekerjaan ibu dengan kejadian KEK pada siswi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Informatika Bina Generasi 3 Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi analitik deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode cross sectional dan metode pengambilan sampelnya dengan simple random sampling pada siswi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Informatika Bina Generasi 3 Bogor yaitu kelas 11 - 12 periode 2022/2023 pada Agustus 2023. Analisis data menggunakan statistik chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 53,3% siswi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Informatika Bina Generasi 3 berisiko KEK dan 47,8% tidak berisiko KEK. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan lemak, asupan protein, frekuensi makan, dan pengetahuan gizi dengan risiko kurang energi kronik (KEK) pada siswi. . Asupan energi (p-value= 0,002) dan karbohidrat (p-value= 0,003) merupakan faktor terbesar terjadinya risiko KEK pada siswi, yaitu dimana siswi yang mempunyai asupan energi yang kurang berpeluang 5,400 dan 5,789 kali lebih besar berisiko KEK dibandingkan dengan responden dengan asupan energi dan karbohidrat yang cukup.Diharapkan siswi dapat lebih meningkatkan asupan energi dan asupan zat gizi makro melalui melakukan pola makan yang baik yaitu dengan memperbaiki frekuensi makan dengan rutin yaitu 3 kali sehari dengan makan utama dan meningkatkan kualitas makan dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang bergizi seimbang.......The risk of chronic energy deficiency (CED) is a condition in which young women tend to suffer from CED. The CED risk category in Indonesia is based on the results of measuring the upper arm circumference (MUAC) which is less than or equal to 23.5 cm. If CED occurs in adolescents it can cause a decrease in the willingness to learn and physical health in young women, considering that the impact of CED on young women can also continue into adulthood and can have a negative impact during pregnancy and childbirth. retarded baby. This study aims to determine the relationship between energy intake, macronutrient intake, meal frequency, breakfast habits, body image, pocket money, and mother's occupation with the incidence of CED in female students at SMK Informatics Bina Generasi 3, Bogor Regency, in 2023. This study used a research design descriptive analysis using the cross-sectional method and the sampling method using simple random sampling in female students of SMK Informatics Bina Generasi 3 Bogor, namely class 11 – 12 for the 2022/2023 period in August 2023. Data analysis used chi-square statistics. The results showed that 53.3% of female students at SMK Informatika Bina Bata 3 were at risk of KEK and 47.8% were not at risk of CED. There is a significant relationship between energy intake, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, protein intake, meal frequency, and nutritional knowledge with the risk of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in female students. Energy intake (p-value = 0.002) and carbohydrates (p-value = 0.003) are the biggest risk factors for CED in female students, namely students who have less energy intake are 5,400 and 5,789 times more likely to be at risk of CED compared to respondents with low energy intake. sufficient energy and carbohydrates. It is hoped that female students can further increase their energy intake and macronutrient intake by adopting a good diet, namely by improving the frequency of eating regularly, namely 3 times a day with main meals, and improving the quality of eating by consuming nutritionally balanced foods."

"Latar belakang: Pasien Talasemia Mayor (TM) anak menderita defisiensi nutrisi karena asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi. Penghindaran makanan kaya zat besi seringkali bersamaan dengan pembatasan asupan protein. Asupan mikronutrien termasuk magnesium lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal. Fungsi otot lebih awal terganggu akibat defisiensi nutrisi daripada massa otot. Penilaian massa otot dan Hand Grip Strength (HGS) menjadi penting untuk mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara HGS dengan asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium, LILA dan massa otot pasien anak TM.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 70 pasien TM anak, berusia 6-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium diperoleh melalui metode analisis diet semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) dan Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Kadar Mg serum dinilai dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik-kalorimetri. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan HGS dinilai menggunakan Dinamometer tangan JamarHasil: Status gizi berdasarkan LILA/U sebagian besar berstatus gizi baik 42,9% dan malnutrisi 57,1% yakni gizi kurang (30,0%), gizi buruk (25,7%), dan obesitas (1,4%). Rerata kecukupan energi pada anak TM lelaki 100% (SB 17), sedangkan anak perempuan sebesar 112% (SB 27). Rerata asupan protein dan magnesium pada kedua kelompok lebih tinggi dibanding kebutuhan AKG. HGS berkorelasi kuat dengan massa otot (r=0,82), berkorelasi sedang dengan LILA (r=0,60), dan berkorelasi lemah dengan asupan kalori (r=-0,27), protein (r=-0,33) dan magnesium (r=-0,23), serta kadar magnesium (r=0,26). Hipermagnesemia dijumpai pada 23% subyek penelitian. Simpulan: Lebih dari separuh anak Talasemia mengalami malnutrisi walaupun asupan cukup. HGS berkorelasi dengan asupan nutrisi, LILA, dan massa otot.......Background: Pediatric Thalassemia Major (TM) patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to insufficient nutritional intake. Avoidance of iron-rich foods often coincides with limiting protein intake. Micronutrient intake including magnesium is lower than in normal children. Muscle function is impaired earlier due to nutritional deficiencies than muscle mass. Assessment of muscle mass and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is important for evaluating nutritional status. Until now there has been no research in Indonesia that evaluates the relationship between HGS and calorie, protein, and magnesium intake, LILA, and muscle mass in pediatric TM patients.Methods: This research with a cross-sectional study design involved 70 pediatric TM patients, aged 6-18 years at the Thalassemia Center of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Nutritional status is evaluated by measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Calorie, protein, and magnesium intake was obtained through semi- quantitative dietary analysis methods Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Serum Mg levels were assessed using the enzymatic calorimetric method. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and HGS was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer.Results: Nutritional status based on LILA/U was mostly good nutritional status 42.9% and malnutrition 57.1%, namely undernutrition (30.0%), poor nutrition (25.7%), and obesity (1.4%). The average energy adequacy for TM boys is 100% (SD 17), while for girls it is 112% (SD 27). The average intake of protein and magnesium in both groups was higher than the RDA requirements. HGS is strongly correlated with muscle mass (r=0.82), moderately correlated with LILA (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with calorie intake (r=-0.27), protein (r=-0.33), and magnesium (r=-0.23), as well as magnesium levels (r=0.26). Hypermagnesemia was found in 23% of study subjects.Conclusion: More than half of Thalassemia children experience malnutrition despite adequate intake. HGS correlates with nutritional intake, MUAC, and muscle mass."

"Latar belakang: Pasien Talasemia Mayor (TM) anak menderita defisiensi nutrisi karena asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi. Penghindaran makanan kaya zat besi seringkali bersamaan dengan pembatasan asupan protein. Asupan mikronutrien termasuk magnesium lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal. Fungsi otot lebih awal terganggu akibat defisiensi nutrisi daripada massa otot. Penilaian massa otot dan Hand Grip Strength (HGS) menjadi penting untuk mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara HGS dengan asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium, LILA dan massa otot pasien anak TM.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 70 pasien TM anak, berusia 6-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium diperoleh melalui metode analisis diet semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) dan Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Kadar Mg serum dinilai dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik-kalorimetri. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan HGS dinilai menggunakan Dinamometer tangan Jamar.Hasil: Status gizi berdasarkan LILA/U sebagian besar berstatus gizi baik 42,9% dan malnutrisi 57,1% yakni gizi kurang (30,0%), gizi buruk (25,7%), dan obesitas (1,4%). Rerata kecukupan energi pada anak TM lelaki 100% (SB 17), sedangkan anak perempuan sebesar 112% (SB 27). Rerata asupan protein dan magnesium pada kedua kelompok lebih tinggi dibanding kebutuhan AKG. HGS berkorelasi kuat dengan massa otot (r=0,82), berkorelasi sedang dengan LILA (r=0,60), dan berkorelasi lemah dengan asupan kalori (r=-0,27), protein (r=-0,33) dan magnesium (r=-0,23), serta kadar magnesium (r=0,26). Hipermagnesemia dijumpai pada 23% subyek penelitian. Simpulan: Lebih dari separuh anak Talasemia mengalami malnutrisi walaupun asupan cukup. HGS berkorelasi dengan asupan nutrisi, LILA, dan massa otot.......Background: Pediatric Thalassemia Major (TM) patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to insufficient nutritional intake. Avoidance of iron-rich foods often coincides with limiting protein intake. Micronutrient intake including magnesium is lower than in normal children. Muscle function is impaired earlier due to nutritional deficiencies than muscle mass. Assessment of muscle mass and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is important for evaluating nutritional status. Until now there has been no research in Indonesia that evaluates the relationship between HGS and calorie, protein, and magnesium intake, LILA, and muscle mass in pediatric TM patients.Methods: This research with a cross-sectional study design involved 70 pediatric TM patients, aged 6-18 years at the Thalassemia Center of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Nutritional status is evaluated by measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Calorie, protein, and magnesium intake was obtained through semi- quantitative dietary analysis methods Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Serum Mg levels were assessed using the enzymatic calorimetric method. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and HGS was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer.Results: Nutritional status based on LILA/U was mostly good nutritional status 42.9% and malnutrition 57.1%, namely undernutrition (30.0%), poor nutrition (25.7%), and obesity (1.4%). The average energy adequacy for TM boys is 100% (SD 17), while for girls it is 112% (SD 27). The average intake of protein and magnesium in both groups was higher than the RDA requirements. HGS is strongly correlated with muscle mass (r=0.82), moderately correlated with LILA (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with calorie intake (r=-0.27), protein (r=-0.33), and magnesium (r=-0.23), as well as magnesium levels (r=0.26). Hypermagnesemia was found in 23% of study subjects.Conclusion: More than half of Thalassemia children experience malnutrition despite adequate intake. HGS correlates with nutritional intake, MUAC, and muscle mass."