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"[Sertifikasi guru adalah program penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan nasional. Implementasi adalah kunci sukses sebuah program. Kegagalan dalam melaksanakan programberarti kegagalan dalam mencapai tujuan dari program tersebut.Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk Menganalisis Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Sertifikasi Guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor interaktif yang digagas oleh Merille S. Grindle yaitu isi kebijakan dan lingkungan kebijakan. Keberperanan faktor-faktor tersebut sangat bermakna bagi implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post positivis melalui metode kualitatif dengan model studi kasus. Subyek penelitiannya adalah pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan ProvinsiLampung dan Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kabupaten Lampung Timur, Pegawai LPMP Provinsi Lampung, LPTK penyelenggara rayon 107 Universitas Lampung, pengawassekolah, kepala sekolah, Unit Pelaksana Dinas Kecamatan Sekampung Udik, dan juga guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru sekolah dasar negeri di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik Kabupaten Lampung Timur Tahun 2014 telah memenuhi sembilan indikator dari unsur implementasi kebijakan publik model Merille S Grindle walaupun belum sempurna. Variabel lingkungan implementasi (cntext of implementation) merupakanunsur yang paling lemah dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru. Peningkatan koordinasi merupakan solusi alternatif untuk permasalah pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kecamatan Sekampung Udik.

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Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung's Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school?s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy's Implementation element Merille'S Grindle's model although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher?s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy?s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampung udik subdistrict, East Lampung regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district. Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy implementation. This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model. Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees, LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service, UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study. Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet. Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district., Teachers certification is an important program to improve the quality of national education. The

implementation of the program is the key to success. Failure to implement the program means

failure to achieve the goal.The focus of this research is to analyze the implementation of teachers

certification policy at public elementary school in Sekampungudiksubdistrict, East Lampung

regency in 2014 using interactive factors initiated by MerilleS. Grindle which are policy content

and policy environment. The influences of those factors are very meaningful for policy

implementation

This research using post positivis approach by qualitative method with case study model.

Research object are employees of Education And Culture Department Lampung Province, Youth

Education And Sport Department East Lampung Regency, LPMP East Lampung’s Employees,

LPTK Administrator Area 107 Lampung University, school superintendent, head master, service,

UPDT Sekampung Udik Sub District, and elementary school’s teachers in Sekampung Udik

Subdistrict. Data collection method in this research are interview and documentation study.

Research result show that implementation of teacher certification policy in Sekampung Udik sub

district, East Lampung regency in 2014 has been for qualified nine indicator from public policy’s

Implementation element Merille S Grindle’smodel although it is not perfect yet.

Environmental implementation variable (context of implementation) is the weaknest element in

teacher’s policy implementation. Strengthen the coordination is an alternative solution for

teachers certification policy’s problem in Sekampung Udik sub district.]"

"Pendekatan keadilan restoratif menjadi dasar dalam penegakan hukum atas pelanggaran perpajakan dengan mengutamakan terjadinya pemulihan kerugian pada pendapatan negara. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pemulihan kerugian pada pendapatan negara setelah berlakunya UU 7/2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU HPP) dengan menggunakan variabel dari Grindle (1980) dan memberikan alternatif kebijakan untuk mendorong pemulihan kerugian pada pendapatan negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemulihan kerugian pada pendapatan negara setelah berlakunya UU HPP telah memenuhi semua indikator yang ada di dalam content of policy, yaitu kepentingan kelompok sasaran, tipe manfaat, derajat perubahan yang diinginkan, letak pengambilan keputusan, dan pelaksana dan sumber daya kebijakan. Namun, untuk variabel context of implementation, kebijakan pemulihan kerugian pada pendapatan negara belum terpenuhi di semua indikator yaitu kekuasaan, kepentingan, dan strategi, karakteristik institusi, dan kepatuhan atau daya tanggap. Ketiga indikator tidak terpenuhi karena kepentingan implementor yang belum padu, masih terjadi disparitas di antara implementor, dan daya tanggap dan kepatuhan implementor yang masih kurang. Alternatif kebijakan dalam mendorong pemulihan kerugian pada pendapatan negara adalah pemberlakuan putusan pidana penjara kepada para pelanggar pidana pajak dan eksekusi pidana denda diubah menjadi denda administrasi dan pemberlakuan kembali kebijakan Pasal 13 ayat (5) dan/atau Pasal 15 ayat (4) UU KUP untuk menagih denda pidana hasil putusan pidana pajak. 

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The restorative justice approach is the basis for law enforcement on tax violations by prioritizing recovery of losses in state revenue. This study aims to analyse the implementation of loss recovery policy on state revenue after the enactment of Law 7/2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP) using variables from Grindle (1980) and provide policy alternatives to encourage loss recovery on state revenue. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type which was obtained through a literature study and in-depth interviews with informants. The results of the study show that the policy for recovering losses on state revenue after the enactment of the UU HPP has fulfilled all the indicators contained in the content of the policy, namely the affected, the types of benefit, extent of change envision, site of decision making, and policy implementors and resources. However, for the context of implementation, loss recovery policy on state revenue have not been fulfilled in all indicators, namely power, interests, and strategy, institution characteristics, and compliance or responsiveness. The three indicators were not fulfilled because the implementor's interests were not yet integrated, there were still disparities among implementors, and the implementor's responsiveness and compliance were still lacking. Policy alternatives in encouraging recovery of losses on state revenue are the imposition of prison sentences on tax offenders and the execution of fines changed to administrative fines and the reintroduction of the policy of Article 13 paragraph (5) and/or Article 15 paragraph (4) of the UU KUP to collect criminal fines resulting from tax criminal decisions."