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"Saat ini wilayah pesisir Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan berupa peningkatan tambak udang secara intensif. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas tambak diduga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Pengolahan limbah yang ada tidak cukup baik sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran munculnya dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pada wilayah pesisir dan menyusun strategi pengendalian tambak udang menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas air terutama parameter TSS, nitrat dan fosfat. Indeks keanekaragaman genus makrozoobenthos di Karimunjawa termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, yang menggambarkan kondisi perairan tercemar sedang. Dampak pada wilayah pesisir berupa penurunan populasi Tridacna, konversi ekosistem mangrove menjadi lahan tambak, terjadi konflik sosial/pro-kontra pada masyarakat dan masih sedikitnya pengunaan tenaga kerja lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi pengendalian tambak udang vaname menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos yaitu pemantauan kualitas air budidaya tambak udang menggunakan Capitella sebagai bioindikator makrozoobenthos yang dilaksanakan oleh petambak, perbaikan performansi kinerja tambak dengan penebaran benur dan FCR yang sesuai standar serta perbaikan kualitas air tambak sehingga tercapai keberlanjutan tambak udang dan kelestarian wilayah pesisir.

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Currently, the coastal of Karimunjawa is facing challenges in the form of an intensive increase in shrimp ponds. The problem in this research is that pond activities are suspected to have the potential to impact coastal areas. The existing waste treatment is not good enough, giving rise to concerns about the impact on coastal areas. The aim of the research was to determine the impact on coastal areas and develop strategies for controlling shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators. The method used is a mixed method (mixed method). The results showed that there has been a decrease in water quality, especially in the TSS, nitrate and phosphate parameters. The diversity index of the macrozoobenthos genus in Karimunjawa is included in the moderate diversity category, which describes the condition of moderately polluted waters. The impact on coastal areas is in the form of a decrease in the Tridacna population, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds, social conflicts / pros and cons in the community and the use of local workers is still minimal. The conclusion of this study is the strategy for controlling vannamei shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators, namely monitoring the quality of shrimp pond aquaculture water using Capitella as a macrozoobenthos bioindicator carried out by farmers, improving pond performance by stocking fry and FCR according to standards and improving pond water quality so that pond sustainability is achieved. shrimp and sustainability of coastal areas."

"Saat ini wilayah pesisir Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan berupa peningkatan tambak udang secara intensif. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah aktivitas tambak diduga berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Pengolahan limbah yang ada tidak cukup baik sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran munculnya dampak pada wilayah pesisir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pada wilayah pesisir dan menyusun strategi pengendalian tambak udang menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan kualitas air terutama parameter TSS, nitrat dan fosfat. Indeks keanekaragaman genus makrozoobenthos di Karimunjawa termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang, yang menggambarkan kondisi perairan tercemar sedang. Dampak pada wilayah pesisir berupa penurunan populasi Tridacna, konversi ekosistem mangrove menjadi lahan tambak, terjadi konflik sosial/pro-kontra pada masyarakat dan masih sedikitnya pengunaan tenaga kerja lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah strategi pengendalian tambak udang vaname menggunakan bioindikator makrozoobenthos yaitu pemantauan kualitas air budidaya tambak udang menggunakan Capitella sebagai bioindikator makrozoobenthos yang dilaksanakan oleh petambak, perbaikan performansi kinerja tambak dengan penebaran benur dan FCR yang sesuai standar serta perbaikan kualitas air tambak sehingga tercapai keberlanjutan tambak udang dan kelestarian wilayah pesisir.

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Currently, the coastal of Karimunjawa is facing challenges in the form of an intensive increase in shrimp ponds. The problem in this research is that pond activities are suspected to have the potential to impact coastal areas. The existing waste treatment is not good enough, giving rise to concerns about the impact on coastal areas. The aim of the research was to determine the impact on coastal areas and develop strategies for controlling shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators. The method used is a mixed method (mixed method). The results showed that there has been a decrease in water quality, especially in the TSS, nitrate and phosphate parameters. The diversity index of the macrozoobenthos genus in Karimunjawa is included in the moderate diversity category, which describes the condition of moderately polluted waters. The impact on coastal areas is in the form of a decrease in the Tridacna population, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems into ponds, social conflicts / pros and cons in the community and the use of local workers is still minimal. The conclusion of this study is the strategy for controlling vannamei shrimp ponds using macrozoobenthos bioindicators, namely monitoring the quality of shrimp pond aquaculture water using Capitella as a macrozoobenthos bioindicator carried out by farmers, improving pond performance by stocking fry and FCR according to standards and improving pond water quality so that pond sustainability is achieved. shrimp and sustainability of coastal areas."

"Timbulnya black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas enzim polifenoloksidase PPO menyebabkan penurunan jumlah konsumen yang mengonsumsi udang tersebut. Sodium metabisulfit selama ini digunakan sebagai penghambat laju black spot pada udang. Zat tersebut bersifat efektif tetapi memiliki efek samping yang merugikan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak daun mangrove Avicennia marina dan potensinya dalam menghambat pembentukan black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei. Ekstrak dibuat dengan konsentrasi 1,5 dan 2 yang diimersi selama 15 menit dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 4oC selama 0, 3 dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun mangrove 2 memiliki efektivitas yang terbaik pada pengujian organoleptik kenampakan,tekstur,sensori , TVB dan ALT dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun mangrove 1,5 dan kontrol.

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Black spot appearance on vamame shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei usually caused by polyphenoloxidase enzyme PPO activities that can decrease consumer demand to these shrimps. Sodium metabisulphite has been used to inhibit the rate of black spot formation in vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. This substance is effective to minimize blackspot, but it can give negative effect to human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of mangrove Avicennia marina leaves extracts and its potential in inhibiting blackspot formation on vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Concentration of extract as much as 1,5 and 2 respectively were immersed for 15 minutes with 4oC temperature on day 0, day 3, and day 7 of storage. The result showed that 2 mangrove leaves extract has the best effectiveness based on organoleptic test appearance, texture, and sensory , TVB and TPC compared 1,5 mangrove leaves extract and control."

"Timbulnya black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas enzim polifenoloksidase PPO menyebabkan penurunan jumlah konsumen yang mengonsumsi udang tersebut. Sodium metabisulfit selama ini digunakan sebagai penghambat laju black spot pada udang. Zat tersebut bersifat efektif tetapi memiliki efek samping yang merugikan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak daun mangrove Avicennia marina dan potensinya dalam menghambat pembentukan black spot pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei. Ekstrak dibuat dengan konsentrasi 1,5 dan 2 yang diimersi selama 15 menit dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 4oC selama 0, 3 dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun mangrove 2 memiliki efektivitas yang terbaik pada pengujian organoleptik kenampakan,tekstur,sensori , TVB dan ALT dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun mangrove 1,5 dan kontrol.

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Black spot appearance on vamame shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei usually caused by polyphenoloxidase enzyme PPO activities that can decrease consumer demand to these shrimps. Sodium metabisulphite has been used to inhibit the rate of black spot formation in vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. This substance is effective to minimize blackspot, but it can give negative effect to human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of mangrove Avicennia marina leaves extracts and its potential in inhibiting blackspot formation on vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Concentration of extract as much as 1,5 and 2 respectively were immersed for 15 minutes with 4oC temperature on day 0, day 3, and day 7 of storage. The result showed that 2 mangrove leaves extract has the best effectiveness based on organoleptic test appearance, texture, and sensory , TVB and TPC compared 1,5 mangrove leaves extract and control."

"White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the prime shrimp commodities cultivated in Indonesia. As such, the discoveryof more efficient seed production techniquesfor this species is deemed necessary. Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum)extract containsthe cholesterol precursor called lanosterol, a phytosterol which is used by crustaceans to form the animal steroid hormone that is very crucial in their reproduction. Hence, this research aimed to determine the ovary development of mature L. van namei individuals injected with the Karamunting ethanol extract. The experiment was carried out in several stages.Firstly,injecting the white shrimp at the base of the 5th leg, every 3 days for 15 days with variable control dosage 0 (C), 10 mg/kg BW (T1), 7.5 mg/kg BW (T2), 5 mg/kg BW (T3), 2 mg/kg BW (T4) and 1 mg/kg BW (T5), where BW is Body Weight. Secondly, isolating the white shrimp parent ovary. Thirdly, measuring the progesterone level in the ovary using the Radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Fourthly, observing the histology of white shrimp parent ovary and, finally, analyzing the data. Measurements of the increase in progesterone levels showed that the administration of karamunting ethanol extract significantly affected the progesterone production (P˂0.05). Histology observations of gonadal development in the control, T5 and T4 showed that the cells developed to previtellogenesis oocytes whereas in treatment T1, T2 and T3 ovary cells developed into endogenous vitellogenesis oocytes and only in T1 did the ovarian cells develop to form exogenous vitellogenesis oocytes. Karamunting extract significantly increased the oocyte sizes(P˂0.05). At the start of the experiment, the average oocyte sizes wereat 15.57 ± 3.15 μm At the end of the experiment, the Control was at 25.29 ± 2.69 μm and the ovarian treatments produced the following oocyte sizes; T1 at 65.65 ± 2.64 μm, T2 at 63.98 ± 3.06 μm, T3 at 39.12 ± 6.01 μm, T4 at 28.08 ± 0.84 μm and T5 at 27.65 ± 0.71 μm. The extract produced oocyte sizes greater than at the beginning of maintenance and control. Apparently, the lanosterol in the karamunting extract had increased the hormone progesterone resulting in an accelerated gonadal maturity and enlargement of oocyte sizes in the parent individuals of the white shrimp"

"Penelitian ini menganalisis bentuk dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sumber air laut, sumber air tawar petak A, air kolam 19, pakan buatan (pelet), saluran pencernaan, dan feses udang vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) di Tambak Udang Vannamei Unit Sobo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Sampel air diambil dan disimpan dalam botol kaca sebanyak 300 ml, sampel pakan menggunakan pakan jenis SGH2 buatan perusahaan sendiri sebanyak 10 gr, sedangkan sampel udang digunakan sebanyak 5 individu dari kolam 19 dan tiap udang diambil bagian saluran pencernaan dan fesesnya. Sampel air, pakan, saluran pencernaan, dan feses diamati menggunakan mikroskop serta dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Sampel diambil pada tanggal 25 Oktober 2021 dengan DOC (Day of Culture) 53 dan penelitian berlangsung selama 1 bulan dari bulan Oktober hingga November 2021. Penelitian memperlihatkan tiga bentuk mikroplastik, yaitu fragmen, film, dan fiber. Mikroplastik bentuk fragmen mendominasi dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, berdasarkan data kelimpahan mikroplastik, diketahui bahwa mikroplastik pada pakan banyak yang tidak ditemukan ke dalam proses pencernaan. Kemudian, diketahui juga tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai kelimpahan, serta terdapat hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan feses udang vannamei.

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This study analyzed the shape and abundance of microplastics in seawater sources, plot A freshwater source, pond water, artificial feed, digestive tract, and feces of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) at Unit Sobo Shrimp Ponds, Banyuwangi, East Java. As much as 300 ml of water were taken and stored in glass bottles; feed samples made by the company itself, were taken as much as 10 grams; while shrimp samples were used as many as 5 individuals from 19 ponds, taken from the digestive tract and feces. Each sample were observed using a microscope and repeated 3 times. Samples were taken on October 25, 2021 with DOC (Day of Culture) 53 and the study lasted for 1 month from October to November 2021. Research shows three forms of microplastics, namely fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic fragments dominate in this study. In addition, based on data on the abundance of microplastics, it is known that many microplastics in feed are not found in the digestive process. Then, it was also known that there was no difference in the abundance value and that there was a relationship between the abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract and feces."

"Budidaya udang Litopenaeus vannamei dihadapkan pada tantangan di bidang lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai manfaat teknologi aerasi nanobubble untuk menjawab tantangan itu. Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan dengan membandingkan L. vannamei post larva 10 (PL10) pada kepadatan tebar 2.000 PL/liter yang diberi perlakuan nanobubble dan tanpa nanobubble (kontrol). Metode kuantitatif meliputi uji statistik ANOVA satu arah dan tes Tukey, Chi Square, korelasi Pearson, regresi linear berganda, dan Ordination Plots digunakan untuk menguji signifikansi kelompok nanobubble dan kontrol pada tingkat p<0,05. Perhitungan net present value dan payback period digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan ekonomi nanobubble, sedangkan wawancara dengan petambak digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan pada aspek sosial. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, limbah total amonia nitrogen (TAN) berkurang 9% dari 2,58 mg/l (95%CI: 0,91—4,25) pada kontrol, menjadi 2,35 mg/l (95%CI: 0,86—3,84) pada nanobubble. Berdasarkan pendapatan yang diperoleh dari penjualan L. vannamei PL10 selama 5 tahun dan biaya investasi untuk mesin nanobubble, NPV mesin nanobubble diperkirakan sebesar Rp 64.118.071,00 dengan waktu pengembalian modal 1,8 tahun. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan 61,1—72,2% petambak setuju nanobubble dapat meningkatkan mata pencaharian. Sebagai kesimpulan, teknologi aerasi nanobubble layak untuk mendukung budidaya udang L. vannamei yang mampan.

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Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farming faces challenges in environment, economic, and socio aspects. This study aims to assess the benefits of nanobubble in addressing the challenges. Experimental research was done by comparing L. vannamei post larva 10 (PL10) at density of 2,000 PL/liter treated with nanobubble and control. Quantitative methods such as one-way ANOVA statistic assessment and Tukey test, Chi Square, Pearson correlation, multi-linear regression, and Ordination Plots were used to measure the group significance of nanobubble and control at a level of p<0.05. Net present value and payback period were calculated to assess the economic feasibility of nanobubble, while interviews with farmers measured the feasilibity in social aspects. Based on the research result, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was reduced by 9% from 2.58 mg/l (95%CI: 0.91— 4.25) on control to 2.35 mg/l (95%CI: 0.86—3.84) on nanobubble. By selling L. vannamei PL10 for 5 years and investing on nanobubble machine, the NPV of nanobubble machine was estimated at IDR 64,118,071 with payback period of 1.8 years. From the interviews, 61.1—72,2% of farmers agreed that nanobubble could improve their livelihoods. Therefore, nanobubble is feasible to support sustainable L. vannamei shrimp farming."