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"[ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG: Erythropoetin (EPO) sebagai hematopoietic growth factor, menarik perhatian para peneliti akibat efeknya dalam melindungi jaringan. EPO berinteraksi dengan vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dan menstimulasi mitosis dan motilitas sel endotel dalam proses neo-angiogenesis; dan hal ini penting dalam fenomena kompleks penyembuhan luka, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki efek pemberian EPO pada penyembuhan luka bakar eksperimental di hewan coba.METODE: Lima belas ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley, strain dari Rattus Novergicus dengan berat antara 300-350 gram yang merupakan subjek hewan coba pada penelitian ini dibuat perlakuan eksperimental luka bakar grade 2B (dermis dalam). Lalu hewan coba akan dibagi ke dalam tiga grup secara acak dan mendapatkan terapi injeksi EPO dosis rendah (600 IU/mL), injeksi EPO dosis tinggi (3000 IU/mL) dan tidak mendapatkan perlakuan terapi apapun (grup kontrol). Setelah 14 hari observasi, dilakukan penilaian secara kuantitatif dari proses penyembuhan luka dengan menghitung persentasi epitelialisasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Analyzing Digital Images®. Dilakukan pula penilaian secara kualitatif dengan menghitung skor perubahan histopatologis pada penyembuhan luka.HASIL: Ukuran luka dan percepatan epitelialisasi dihitung pada hari ke-0, hari ke-5, hari ke-10 dan hari ke-14. Didapatkan bahwa hasil rerata ukuran raw surface (p value: 0.012 pada hari ke-5; 0.009 pada hari ke-10 and 0.000 pada hari ke-14) dan persentase penyembuhan luka (p value: 0.011 pada hari ke-5; 0.016 pada hari ke-10 and 0.010 pada hari ke-14), nilai terbaik dicapai oleh grup injeksi EPO dosis rendah. Evaluasi histopatologis menunjukkan bahwa skor tertinggi untuk re-epitelialisasi, jaringan granulasi dan neo-angiogenesis juga didapatkan pada grup injeksi EPO dosis rendah.SIMPULAN: Pada studi hewan coba menggunakan tikus Sprague-Dawley ini, didapatkan bahwa injeksi Recombinant Human EPO (rHuEPO) dapat mempercepat proses re-epitelialisasi dan penyembuhan luka yang disebabkan oleh luka bakar grade 2B (dermis dalam). Temuan ini diharapkan akan membuka pengetahuan baru dalam peningkatan kualitas terapi pada penyembuhan luka bakar.

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ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDS: The hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) attracts attention due to its all-tissue-protective pleiotropic properties. EPO interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stimulates endothelial cell mitosis and motility in neo-angiogenesis; thus it may of importance in the complex phenomenon of wound healing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of EPO in experimental burn wounds healing.METHODS: Fifteen healthy Sprague-Dawley, strain of Rattus Novergicus weighing 300-350 grams, were prepared to achieve deep dermal burns. Animals were randomized to receive either low-dose EPO injection (600 IU/mL), high-dose EPO injection (3000 IU/mL) or nothing (control group). After 14 days of observations, a quantitative assessment of wound healing was determined by percentage of wound closure and epithelialization using Analyzing Digital Images® Software. And qualitative assessment was done to evaluate the score of histopathological changes in wound healing.RESULTS: The size of the wound area and re-epithelialization rate percentage was determined on Day-0, Day-5, Day-10 and Day-14. The average of raw surface areas measurement (p value: 0.012 in day-5; 0.009 in day-10 and 0.000 in day-14) and healing percentage of the lesions (p value: 0.011 in day-5; 0.016 in day-10 and 0.010 in day-14) were significantly best in the low- dose EPO group compared to the control group and high-dose EPO group. The histopathology evaluation revealed that the highest score for re-epithelialization, granulation tissue and neo- angiogenesis were achieved by the low-dose EPO injection group than in both control and high- dose EPO injection groups.CONCLUSIONS: In this animal study using Sprague-Dawley rats, Recombinant Human EPO (rHuEPO) injection administration prompted the evidences of improved re-epithelialization and wound healing process of the skin caused by deep dermal burns. These findings may lead to a new therapeutic approach to improve the clinical outcomes for the management of burns wound healing., BACKGROUNDS: The hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) attracts attention due to its all-tissue-protective pleiotropic properties. EPO interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stimulates endothelial cell mitosis and motility in neo-angiogenesis; thus it may of importance in the complex phenomenon of wound healing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of EPO in experimental burn wounds healing.METHODS: Fifteen healthy Sprague-Dawley, strain of Rattus Novergicus weighing 300-350 grams, were prepared to achieve deep dermal burns. Animals were randomized to receive either low-dose EPO injection (600 IU/mL), high-dose EPO injection (3000 IU/mL) or nothing (control group). After 14 days of observations, a quantitative assessment of wound healing was determined by percentage of wound closure and epithelialization using Analyzing Digital Images® Software. And qualitative assessment was done to evaluate the score of histopathological changes in wound healing.RESULTS: The size of the wound area and re-epithelialization rate percentage was determined on Day-0, Day-5, Day-10 and Day-14. The average of raw surface areas measurement (p value: 0.012 in day-5; 0.009 in day-10 and 0.000 in day-14) and healing percentage of the lesions (p value: 0.011 in day-5; 0.016 in day-10 and 0.010 in day-14) were significantly best in the low- dose EPO group compared to the control group and high-dose EPO group. The histopathology evaluation revealed that the highest score for re-epithelialization, granulation tissue and neo- angiogenesis were achieved by the low-dose EPO injection group than in both control and high- dose EPO injection groups.CONCLUSIONS: In this animal study using Sprague-Dawley rats, Recombinant Human EPO (rHuEPO) injection administration prompted the evidences of improved re-epithelialization and wound healing process of the skin caused by deep dermal burns. These findings may lead to a new therapeutic approach to improve the clinical outcomes for the management of burns wound healing.]"

"ABSTRAKBatasan obyektif dalam menentukan derajat luka ringan dan sedang diperlukan karena Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) tidak menjelaskan deskripsi luka ringan dan sedang, ancaman hukuman bagi tersangka sangat bergantung pada derajat luka yang dialami korban, dan tidak ada metode diagnostik obyektif yang digunakan hingga kini. Khusus untuk kasus penganiayaan dengan temuan memar dan luka lecet, jumlah luka mungkin dapat digunakan sebagai batasan obyektif tersebut karena korban dengan 3 memar pasti mengalami hambatan yang lebih ringan dibandingkan korban dengan 50 memar. Penelitian ini menguji jumlah luka terhadap Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) dan opini dokter forensik sebagai nilai acuan karena telah teruji dalam penentuan derajat luka sesuai hukum Indonesia. Peneliti mengambil data dari Visum et Repertum kasus penganiayaan Januari 2014 ? Desember 2014 RSCM berupa jumlah luka dan data lain yang diperlukan untuk penentuan derajat luka dengan TRISS kemudian menentukan titik potong (cut-off) luka sedang terbaik dengan ROC berdasarkan data tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini tidak dapat dianalisis karena tidak ada sampel yang termasuk ke dalam luka sedang melalui perhitungan TRISS. Walaupun begitu, jika nilai acuan yang digunakan opini dokter forensik, ditemukan AUC sebesar 90,6% (IK 95%: 75,3% -100%). Titik potong terbaik adalah 12 luka dengan sensitivitas 66,7%, spesifisitas 93,4%, NDP 16,7%, NDN 99,3%, RKP 1007%, dan RKN 35,7% pada prevalensi 3/154. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah masih belum diketahui apakah jumlah luka dapat digunakan sebagai batasan obyektif untuk menentukan luka ringan dan sedang pada kasus penganiayaan dengan temuan hanya memar dan/atau luka lecet karena TRISS tidak dapat mendeteksi luka sedang pada populasi sampel.

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ABSTRAKObjective diagnostic tool to determine minor and moderate injuries is necessitate since Indonesian Criminal Code does not give clear descriptions of mild and moderate injuries, severity of injury is the main determinant factor in determining the charges for the assailant, and no objective diagnostic tool currently in use. In cases with only bruises and/or abrasions findings, we propose that quantity of injuries might be used as a diagnostic tool since victim with 3 bruises will experience milder disturbance compared to victim with 50 bruises. The research is diagnostic test which determine whether or not quantity of injuries can be used as a diagnostic tool in those cases with Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) as the reference value. TRISS was chosen since it?s the only objective method that had been tested to determine severity of injury according to Indonesian Criminal Code. Quantity of injury and other data necessitate to determine severity of injury with TRISS were acquired from Visa et Reperta of assault cases in January 2014 ? December 2014 in RSCM. From the data, we seek the most appropriate cut-off for moderate injury statistically. The results could not be analyzed since there was no moderate injury in the samples according to TRISS. However, if forensic specialists? opinion was used as reference value, the most appropriate cut-off of moderate injury would be 12 injuries with AUC 90,6% (CI 95%: 75,3% - 100%), 66,7% sensitivity, 93,4% specificity, 16,7% PPV, 99,3% NPV, 1007% PLR, and 35,7% NLR in a population with 3/154 prevalence. The conclusion of the research is whether quantity of injuries could be used as a valid diagnostic tool to determine minor and moderate injury in assault cases with only bruises and/or abrasions findings remains unknown since TRISS could not detect moderate injuries in samples? population."

"ABSTRAKLuka kaki diabetik adalah komplikasi diabetes mellitus DM yang dapatmengakibatkan amputasi ekstremitas bawah. Pengetahuan tentang perawatan lukakaki diabetik berkaitan erat dengan keterampilan perawat dalam melakukanperawatan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuanperawat tentang perawatan luka kaki diabetik di Kota Depok. Penelitian inimenggunakan consecutive sampling sebanyak 102 responden dari tiga rumah sakittipe C di Kota Depok. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Nurses rsquo; KnowledgeRegarding Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer NKPM-DFU yang terdiri dari 40 pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagianbesar 92,2 perawat memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang dan sisanya memilikitingkat pengetahuan cukup. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan perawat untuksecara aktif mengikuti pelatihan dan mencari informasi mengenai perawatan lukakaki diabetik. Selain itu, institusi layanan keperawatan dapat menyusun kebijakanberkaitan dengan upaya peningkatan pengetahuan perawat.

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ABSTRACTDiabetic foot wound is a complication of diabetes mellitus DM that can causeamputation of lower extremity. Nurses rsquo knowledge about diabetic foot woundcare is related to nurses rsquo wound care practice. This study aimed to identify thelevel of nurses rsquo knowledge regarding diabetic foot wound care in Depok. A totalsample of 102 nurses from three general hospitals of type C were involved byusing consecutive sampling method. Data was collected using Nurses rsquo KnowledgeRegarding Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer NKPM DFU questionnaire consisting of 40 question items. The result showed that the majorityof participants 92,2 have low level of knowledge regarding diabetic footwound care. This study recommends nurses to apply for wound care training andactively look up latest information about diabetic wound care. It is alsorecommended that the nursing service institutions consider establishing somepolicies in an effort to optimize nurses rsquo knowledge."

"Luka bakar didefinisikan sebagai kerusakan jaringan yang terjadi akibat aksi panas baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Meskipun telah banyak kemajuan yang dibuat dalam terapi luka bakar, namun penyembuhan luka yang lambat masih menjadi tantangan dalam perawatan luka bakar. Akupunktur manual dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar melalui efek anti-inflamasi, meningkatkan re-epitelisasi dan angiogenesis. Sedangkan laser akupunktur merupakan terapi yang menggunakan laser enersi rendah untuk merangsang titik akupunktur. Penelitian ini menilai pengaruh akupunktur manual dan laser akupunktur terhadap kecepatan penyembuhan luka bakar yang diamati secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Tiga puluh enam tikus Wistar jantan dibagi secara acak kedalam kelompok kontrol (n=12), kelompok akupunktur manual (n=12), dan kelompok laser akupunktur (n=12). Setelah dilakukan induksi luka bakar, pengukuran luka dan perlakuan diberikan setiap dua hari sekali selama 14 hari. Separuh jumlah dari setiap kelompok diterminasi pada hari ke-7 dan separuh sisanya diterminasi pada hari ke-14 untuk dilakukan pengamatan mikroskopik. Pada pengukuran penutupan luas luka hari ke-14, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,009) antara kelompok akupunktur manual (66,96 ± 9,17) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (49,93 ± 9,15), dan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,009) antara kelompok laser akupunktur (72,48 ± 14,62) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,451) antara kelompok akupunktur manual dan laser akupunktur. Pada penilaian skoring mikroskopik hari ke-14 didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,001) antara kelompok akupunktur manual (16,17 ± 1,17) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (10,33 ± 1,21), dan perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,004) antara kelompok laser akupunktur (17,83 ± 1,47) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,058) antara kelompok akupunktur manual dan laser akupunktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik terapi akupunktur manual ataupun laser akupunktur dapat digunakan sebagai terapi tambahan untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar.

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Burns are defined as tissue damage that occurs as a result of the direct or indirect action of heat. Although many advanced treatments have been made in burn therapy, slow wound healing remains a challenge in burn treatment. Acupuncture can accelerate burn healing through its anti-inflammatory effect, increasing re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. While laser acupuncture is a therapy that uses low energy lasers to stimulate acupuncture points. This study assessed the effect of manual acupuncture and laser acupuncture on the speed of wound healing which were observed macroscopically and microscopically. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=12), acupuncture group (n=12), and laser acupuncture group (n=12). After burn induction, wound measurements and treatments were given every two days for 14 days. Half of the numbers from each group were terminated on the 7th day and the remaining half were terminated on the 14th day for microscopic observation. On the 14th day of measurement of wound closure, there was a significant difference (p=0.009) between the acupuncture group (66.96 ± 9.17) compared to the control group (49.93 ± 9.15), and a significant difference (p =0.009) between laser acupuncture group (72.48 ± 14.62) compared to control group. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.451) between acupuncture and laser acupuncture groups. On the 14th day of microscopic scoring, there was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the acupuncture group (16.17 ± 1.17) compared to the control group (10.33 ± 1.21), and a significant difference (p = 0.004) between the laser acupuncture group (17.83 ± 1.47) versus the control group. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.058) between acupuncture and laser acupuncture groups. The results showed that either acupuncture therapy or laser acupuncture could be used as an adjunct therapy to accelerate burn healing."