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"Obesitas telah menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang besar di dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi obesitas dilaporkan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pada penderita obesitas, penurunan berat badan dengan latihan fisik dapat memberikan banyak manfaat kesehatan. Akan tetapi, pada penderita obesitas dengan osteoartritis sendi lutut latihan disik harus dilakukan dengan hati-hati. Kombinasi latihan aerobik pada intensitas submaksimal dengan sepeda statis, disertai latihan keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot tungkai bawah yang disesuaikan dengan kapasitas fisik diberikan pada individu obesitas dengan osteoartritis lutut untuk menurunkan berat badam. Restriksi asupan kalori juga diberikan bersamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efektifitas kombinasi terapi di atas dalam menurunkan berat badan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis data sekunder yang diperoleh dari status pasien dari Klinik Obesitas di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. 200 status pasien dari Januari 2009 sampai April 2012 dipilih secara acak oleh petugas ruang penyimpanan status. Dari 200 status tersebut, diambil 37 status yang dipilih berdasarkan tabel nomor acak.Semua dari 37 subjek adalah wanita, dengan rerata umur 59.41+5.91tahun. Rerata berat badan awal adalah 71.91+11kg. Rerata indeks masa tubuh adalah 31.18+5.15, dan semua subjek adalah penderita obesitas. Rerata lingkar pinggang adalah 96.4+9.51cm. Tiga subjek tidak mengalami perubahan berat badan, sedangkan 34 subjek mengalami penurunan berat badan. Didapatkan rerata perubahan berat badan -2.08 kg(95% CI: -1.48kg to 2.67kg, standar deviasi 1.789kg). Tidak ditemukan korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara pengukuran antropometri awal dan usia dengan jumlah penurunan berat badan.Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa latihan fisik yang diberikan efektif dalam menurunkan berat badan pasien obesitas dengan osteoartritis lutut. Pengukuran antropometri awal dan usia tidak tampak berkorelasi dengan penurunan berat badan.

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Obesity has become a major health problem around the world. In Indonesia, the prevalence of obesity is increasing annually. Weight loss by physical exercise have been demonstrated to have a lot of benefit in people suffering from obesity. However, physical exercise have to be done carefully in patients with osteoarthritis. A delicate combination of aerobic exercise done in submaximal intensity with balance exercise and lower extremity strength which were individually tailored is given to obese patient who also suffer from knee osteoarthritis. Caloric restriction is also given along the physical exercise

This study tried to find out how effective is this regimen in inducing weight loss. Analysis of secondary data obtained from medical record of patients from Obesity Clinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was done. 200 medical records from January 2009 up to April 2012 were taken randomly. From those 200, 37 was chosen randomly with the aid of random number table.

All of the 37 subjects were women with average age of 59.41+5.91year. The initial body weight averaged at 71.91+11kg. The BMI averaged at 31.18+5.15, and all of the subjects were obese. The average waist circumference was 96.4+9.51cm. Three subjects had stable weight and 34 subjects lost weight. The average change was -2.08 kg(95% CI: -1.48kg to 2.67kg, standard deviation 1.789kg). Age and all baseline anthropometric measurement does not correlate with the change in bodyweight.

The study have shown that the physical exercise given was effective in reducing body weight of obese patient‟s with knee osteoarthritis. The baseline age and anthropometric measurement does not appear to correlate with the degree of weight loss."

"Pada skripsi ini dilakukan rancang bangun awal perangkat pengukur pergerakan sendi lutut berbasis rugi-rugi serat optik yang dapat dipantau secara real time untuk skala laboratorium. Perangkat ini bekerja dengan memanfaatkan rugi-rugi lengkungan dari serat optik yang diintegrasikan pada knee support. Rugi-rugi lengkungan serat optik tersebut kemudian diproses dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno?ATmega328P dan rangkaian elektronik pendukung. Hasilnya berupa besar sudut pergerakan sendi lutut yang ditampilkan pada LCD.

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In this final project, design of knee joints movement measurement device based on fiber optic bending loss which can be monitored in real time has been developed. It works by utilizing the bending losses of the optical fiber integrated in the knee support. Bending loss of the optical fiber were then processed using microcontroller Arduino Uno?ATmega328P and electronic circuits. The results of the knee joint movement angle were displayed on the LCD."

"Latar Belakang Osteoartritis (OA) merupakan kondisi degeneratif sendi kronis yang umum terjadi di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Nyeri adalah gejala predominan OA yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien. Penyebab OA bersifat multifaktorial dan berat badan berlebih ataupun obesitas merupakan faktor risiko OA yang dapat diubah dan paling berpengaruh. OA bersifat nonreversibel sehingga tata laksananya saat ini berfokus pada manajemen rasa nyeri yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini utamanya bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan nyeri lutut pada pasien obesitas dengan osteoartritis genu. Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi potong lintang analitis. Populasi penelitian merupakan pasien obesitas dengan osteoartritis lutut di Indonesia. Data subjek penelitian didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien yang menjalani rehabilitasi di Poli Rehabilitasi Medik RSCM. Hasil data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov untuk uji normalitas data. Analisis hubungan variabel dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Spearman. Hubungan dinyatakan bermakna apabila p<0.05. Hasil Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan nyeri lutut memiliki nilai p<0.001 dan nilai r=0.457. Kesimpulan Rerata indeks massa tubuh pasien obesitas dengan osteoartritis genu Poli Rehabilitasi Medik RSCM adalah 30.17 kg/m2. Rerata skor nyeri lutut yang dialami pasien adalah 3.9 dengan semua pasien mengalami nyeri. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh dan nyeri lutut pada pasien obesitas dengan osteoartritis genu.

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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint condition that occurs worldwide, including in Indonesia. Pain is the predominant symptom of OA that affects the quality of life of patients. The causes of OA are multifactorial, and excess body weight or obesity is a modifiable and influential risk factor for OA. OA is nonreversible, so current management focuses on addressing the pain it causes. The main aim of this study is to determine the relationship between body mass index and knee pain in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis. Method This research was conducted with an analytical cross-sectional study design. The study population consisted of obese patients with knee osteoarthritis in Indonesia. Subject data were obtained from the medical records of patients undergoing rehabilitation at the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic of RSCM. Data results were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for data normality. Variable relationships were assessed using the Spearman test. The relationship was considered significant when p<0.05. Results The relationship between body mass index and knee pain has a p-value of <0.001 and an r-value of 0.457. Conclusion The mean body mass index of obese patients with knee osteoarthritis at the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic of RSCM is 30.17 kg/m2. The mean knee pain score experienced by patients is 3.9, with all patients experiencing pain. There is a significant relationship between body mass index and knee pain in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis."

"Latar Belakang: Diagnosis dan tatalaksana osteoartritis lutut sementara ini lebih berfokus pada sendi tibiofemoral dan kesegarisan di bidang tersebut, yang hanya memberikan asosiasi lemah dengan nyeri dan disabilitas. Sementara itu, masih sangat minim studi yang mempelajari kesegarisan patela pada osteoartritis lutut, terutama hubungannya dengan derajat keparahan penyakit secara radiografis, defek kartilago, dan juga nyeri dan disabilitas.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang diikuti oleh pasien RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo yang terdiagnosis osteoartritis lutut. Subjek menjalani pemeriksaan radiografis dan magnetic resonance, dari situ dievaluasi kesegarisan patela, grade Kellgren-Lawrence (KL), dan defek kartilago yang dinilai dengan grade International Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation Society(ICRS). Kesegarisan patela dinilai dari sulcus angle(SA), congruence angle(CA), trochlear angle(TA), lateral trochlear inclination(LTI), trochlear depth(TD), bisect offset(BO), patellar displacement(PD), lateral patellar tilt angle(LPTA), dan lateral patellofemoral angle(LPFA).Pasien juga diukur skor WOMAC yang menilai nyeri dan disabilitas.Hasil: Ditemukan korelasi antaraTA (r = -0,397; p < 0,001), LTI (r = -0,333; p = 0,004), BO (r = 0,268; p = 0,020), dan PD (r = 0,299; p = 0,009) dengan grade KL patelofemoral. TA juga berkorelasi juga dengan grade KL tibiofemoral (r = -0,246; p = 0,033). TA (r = -0,246; p = 0,033) juga berkorelasi dengan grade KL tibiofemoral. Tidak ditemukan parameter kesegarisan patela yang berkorelasi dengan grade ICRS. Sementara itu SA (r = 0,238; p = 0,039), LTI (r = -0,235; p = 0,042), TD (r = -0,374; p = 0,001), BO (r = 0,257; p = 0,026) dan LPTA (r = 0,267; p = 0,021) berkorelasi dengan nyeri. LTI (r = -0,229; p = 0,048), TD (r = -0,251; p = 0,030) dan LPTA (r = 0,314; p = 0,006) berkorelasi terhadap disabilitas.Kesimpulan: Kesegarisan patela axial berkorelasi dengan keparahan radiografis osteoartritis lutut, tidak hanya pada kompartemen patelofemoral tetapi juga tibiofemoral. Kesegarisan patela juga berkorelasi dengan nyeri dan disabilitas.

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Background: Diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis has been focused on the tibiofemoral joint and its alignment, even though they provide little contribution to pain and disability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the axial patellar alignment in patients with knee osteoarthritis, especially its association with the radiographic findings, cartilage defect on magnetic resonance, as well as pain and disability.

Methods: Patients with knee osteoarthritis underwent radiographic and magnetic resonance examinations. Patellar alignment was represented by sulcus angle (SA), congruence angle (CA), trochlear angle (TA), lateral trochlear inclination (LTI), trochlear depth (TD), bisect offset (BO), patellar displacement (PD), lateral patellar tilt angle (LPTA), dan lateral patellofemoral angle (LPFA). We evaluated the association between patellar alignment and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade of the radiographs, International Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation Society (ICRS) grade of the cartilage defect on magnetic resonance images, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score.

Results: Radiographically, TA  (r = -0,397; p < 0,001), LTI (r = -0,333; p = 0,004), BO (r = 0,268; p = 0,020), and PD (r = 0,299; p = 0,009) were correlated with patellofemoral KL grade. TA was also correlated with tibiofemoral KL grade (r = -0,246; p = 0,033). However, no patellar alignment index was found to be correlated with ICRS grade. Furthermore SA (r = 0,238; p = 0,039), LTI (r = -0,235; p = 0,042), TD (r = -0,374; p = 0,001), BO (r = 0,257; p = 0,026) and LPTA (r = 0,267; p = 0,021) were correlated with pain score in WOMAC. Meanwhile, LTI (r = -0,229; p = 0,048), TD (r = -0,251; p = 0,030) and LPTA (r = 0,314; p = 0,006) were correlated with disability score in WOMAC.

Conclusion: Axial patellar alignment was correlated with radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis, not only in patellofemoral compartment but also in tibiofemoral compartment. Patellar alignment was also associated with pain and disability."

"[ABSTRAKPendahuluan. Masalah gizi pada anak tidak hanya gizi kurang tetapi juga gizi lebih, termasuk berat badan berlebih dan obesitas. Status gizi anak dapat dinilai menggunakan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Perbedaan IMT dapat mengakibatkan perubahan anatomik akibat adanya peningkatan beban tubuh sehingga mempengaruhi performa motorik termasuk keseimbangan postur, kekuatan otot dan lokomosi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh IMT terhadap keseimbangan postur dan kekuatan otot tungkai atas serta mengetahui adanya korelasi antara keseimbangan postur dengan kekuatan otot tungkai atas pada anak 8 – 10 tahun. Metode. 63 anak usia 8 – 10 tahun terbagi dalam 3 kelompok IMT normal, IMT berat badan berlebih dan IMT obesitas. Pengukuran keseimbangan dengan single leg balance test pada MatScan dan didapatkan hasil area centre of pressure (COP). Kekuatan otot isometrik dari ektensor panggul dan ektensor lutut diukur menggunakan hand-held dynamometer. Hasil. Area COP pada anak obesitas lebih besar signifikan dibandingkan anak berat badan berlebih (p = 0.004) dan anak normal (p = 0.000). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara kekuatan ekstensor panggul anak dengan IMT obesitas daripada IMT berat badan berlebih dan IMT normal yang tidak signifikan (p = 0,527). Kekuatan ekstensor lutut anak obesitas lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan anak berat badan berlebih (p = 0.038) dan anak normal (p = 0.001). Namun tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara area COP dengan kekuatan otot ekstensor panggul dan ekstensor lutut. Kesimpulan. Anak obesitas memperlihatkan penurunan keseimbangan postur dan peningkatan kekuatan otot ekstensor lutut dibandingkan dengan anak berat badan berlebih dan berat badan normal. Tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction. Nutritional problems in children are not only malnutrition but also overnutrition, including overweight and obesity. It can be assessed using the body mass index (BMI). The BMI difference can leads anatomic changes due to an increased of body loading that might affect the motor performance, including changes in balance posture, muscle strength and locomotion. Purposes. to explain the influence of BMI on the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength and to assess a correlation between the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength in children aged 8-10 years. Methods. 63 children aged 8-10 years are divided in 3 groups of BMI-normal, BMI-overweight and BMI-obese. The postural balance was assessed by single leg balance test on MatScan and the centre of pressure (COP) area was recorded. Isometric muscle strength of hip extensor and knee extensor were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results. Obese children had larger COP area significantly than overweight (p = 0.004) and normal children (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in hip extensor muscle strength between obese children with overweight and normal children (p = 0.527). The knee extensor muscle strength in obese group was significantly higher than the overweight groups (p = 0.038) and normal group (p = 0.001). However there was no significant correlation between the hip extensor and knee extensor muscles strength with COP area. Conclusion. Children with BMI obesity had decreased balance posture and increased knee extensor muscle strength when compared to overweight and normal children. There was no significant correlation between the postural balance and muscle strength.;Introduction. Nutritional problems in children are not only malnutrition but also overnutrition, including overweight and obesity. It can be assessed using the body mass index (BMI). The BMI difference can leads anatomic changes due to an increased of body loading that might affect the motor performance, including changes in balance posture, muscle strength and locomotion. Purposes. to explain the influence of BMI on the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength and to assess a correlation between the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength in children aged 8-10 years. Methods. 63 children aged 8-10 years are divided in 3 groups of BMI-normal, BMI-overweight and BMI-obese. The postural balance was assessed by single leg balance test on MatScan and the centre of pressure (COP) area was recorded. Isometric muscle strength of hip extensor and knee extensor were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results. Obese children had larger COP area significantly than overweight (p = 0.004) and normal children (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in hip extensor muscle strength between obese children with overweight and normal children (p = 0.527). The knee extensor muscle strength in obese group was significantly higher than the overweight groups (p = 0.038) and normal group (p = 0.001). However there was no significant correlation between the hip extensor and knee extensor muscles strength with COP area. Conclusion. Children with BMI obesity had decreased balance posture and increased knee extensor muscle strength when compared to overweight and normal children. There was no significant correlation between the postural balance and muscle strength., Introduction. Nutritional problems in children are not only malnutrition but also overnutrition, including overweight and obesity. It can be assessed using the body mass index (BMI). The BMI difference can leads anatomic changes due to an increased of body loading that might affect the motor performance, including changes in balance posture, muscle strength and locomotion. Purposes. to explain the influence of BMI on the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength and to assess a correlation between the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength in children aged 8-10 years. Methods. 63 children aged 8-10 years are divided in 3 groups of BMI-normal, BMI-overweight and BMI-obese. The postural balance was assessed by single leg balance test on MatScan and the centre of pressure (COP) area was recorded. Isometric muscle strength of hip extensor and knee extensor were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results. Obese children had larger COP area significantly than overweight (p = 0.004) and normal children (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in hip extensor muscle strength between obese children with overweight and normal children (p = 0.527). The knee extensor muscle strength in obese group was significantly higher than the overweight groups (p = 0.038) and normal group (p = 0.001). However there was no significant correlation between the hip extensor and knee extensor muscles strength with COP area. Conclusion. Children with BMI obesity had decreased balance posture and increased knee extensor muscle strength when compared to overweight and normal children. There was no significant correlation between the postural balance and muscle strength.]"

"[ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG. Kelemahan otot yang terjadi pada 75% - 80% pasien stroke menyebabkan terbatasnya aktivitas pasien stroke. Cara pengukuran kekuatan otot yang mudah digunakan di klinis adalah dengan hand-held dinamometer, sedangkan untuk mengukur kemampuan berjalan yang cukup efektif pada pasien stroke adalah uji jalan 2 menit. Telah banyak penelitian yang mendapatkan adanya hubungan antara kekuatan otot sisi paresis dengan kemampuan berjalan pada pasien stroke, namun belum ada yang menghubungkan antara kekuatan otot tersebut dengan uji jalan 2 menit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kekuatan otot sisi paresis dengan kemampuan berjalan pada pasien stroke kronik yang diukur dngan uji jalan 2 menit dan mengetahui kelompok otot yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berjalan tersebut.METODE. Pada 28 subyek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian dilakukan pengukuran kekuatan otot tungkai sisi paresis, yaitu otot ekstensor panggul, fleksor panggul, ekstensor lutut, fleksor lutut, dorsifleksor pergelangan kaki, plantarfleksor pergelangan kaki, dengan hand-held dinamometer, kemudian dilakukan uji jalan 2 menit. Data demografis dan klinis pasien dikumpulkan dan dicatat.HASIL. Diperoleh korelasi positif yang bermakna antara kekuatan otot tungkai sisi paresis yaitu otot ekstensor panggul, fleksor panggul, ekstensor lutut, fleksor lutut, dorsifleksor pergelangan kaki, dan plantarfleksor pergelangan kaki dengan jarak tempuh berjalan yang diuji dengan uji jalan 2 menit (r= 0,410 hingga r = 0,645) . Diperoleh korelasi positif yang bermakna antara kekuatan otot tungkai sisi paresis yaitu otot ekstensor panggul, fleksor panggul, ekstensor lutut, fleksor lutut, dorsifleksor pergelangan kaki, dan plantarfleksor pergelangan kaki dengan kecepatan berjalan yang diuji dengan uji jalan 2 menit (r= 0,409 hingga r = 0,641). Otot yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berjalan pada pasien stroke kronik dengan nilai r tertinggi dan p terendah adalah otot plantarfleksor pergelangan kaki, diikuti dorsifleksor pergelangan kaki, fleksor panggul, fleksor lutut, ekstensor lutut, dan terakhir ekstensor panggul.KESIMPULAN. Terdapat korelasi positif antara kekuatan otot tungkai sisi paresis dengan kemampuan berjalan pada pasien stroke kronik, dengan otot yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berjalan yaitu otot plantarfleksor pergelangan kaki.

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ABSTRACTBACKGROUND. Muscle weakness that occurs in 75% - 80% of stroke patients causing limited activity of stroke patients. The easy way to measure muscle strength in clinical is by using a hand-held dynamometer, whereas the effective way to measure the ability to walk in stroke patients is using a 2-minute walk test. Previous studies said that there was relationship between muscle strength in paretic side with walking ability in stroke patients, but there is still no study about correlation between the muscle strength with a 2 minute walk test. The purpose of this study to determine the correlation between muscle strength of the lower extremity of the paretic side with walking ability in patients with chronic stroke using 2 minutes walk test, and determine which muscle groups that has the best correlation with the ability of walking.METHOD. There were 28 subjects who were eligible and willing to participate in the research. They got measurements of lower extremity muscle strength of the paretic side (hip extensor muscles, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, ankle plantarflexor) using hand-held dynamometer, then 2 minutes walk test. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected and recorded.THE RESULTS. There are significant positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side (hip extensor, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles) with the length of 2-minute walk test (r = 0.410 - r = 0.645). There are significant positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side (hip extensor, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles) with walking speed of the 2-minute walk test (r = 0.409 - r = 0,641). The muscles with the best correlation with the ability of walking in patients with chronic stroke are the muscles with the highest r and the lowest p, plantarflexor ankle muscles, followed by dorsiflexor ankle muscles, hip flexors muscles, knee flexors muscles, knee extensor muscles, and hip extensor muscles.CONCLUSION. There are positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side with walking ability in patients with chronic stroke, and the muscles with the best correlation with the ability of walking are plantarflexor ankle muscles. ;BACKGROUND. Muscle weakness that occurs in 75% - 80% of stroke patients causing limited activity of stroke patients. The easy way to measure muscle strength in clinical is by using a hand-held dynamometer, whereas the effective way to measure the ability to walk in stroke patients is using a 2-minute walk test. Previous studies said that there was relationship between muscle strength in paretic side with walking ability in stroke patients, but there is still no study about correlation between the muscle strength with a 2 minute walk test. The purpose of this study to determine the correlation between muscle strength of the lower extremity of the paretic side with walking ability in patients with chronic stroke using 2 minutes walk test, and determine which muscle groups that has the best correlation with the ability of walking.METHOD. There were 28 subjects who were eligible and willing to participate in the research. They got measurements of lower extremity muscle strength of the paretic side (hip extensor muscles, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, ankle plantarflexor) using hand-held dynamometer, then 2 minutes walk test. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected and recorded.THE RESULTS. There are significant positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side (hip extensor, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles) with the length of 2-minute walk test (r = 0.410 - r = 0.645). There are significant positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side (hip extensor, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles) with walking speed of the 2-minute walk test (r = 0.409 - r = 0,641). The muscles with the best correlation with the ability of walking in patients with chronic stroke are the muscles with the highest r and the lowest p, plantarflexor ankle muscles, followed by dorsiflexor ankle muscles, hip flexors muscles, knee flexors muscles, knee extensor muscles, and hip extensor muscles.CONCLUSION. There are positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side with walking ability in patients with chronic stroke, and the muscles with the best correlation with the ability of walking are plantarflexor ankle muscles. , BACKGROUND. Muscle weakness that occurs in 75% - 80% of stroke patients causing limited activity of stroke patients. The easy way to measure muscle strength in clinical is by using a hand-held dynamometer, whereas the effective way to measure the ability to walk in stroke patients is using a 2-minute walk test. Previous studies said that there was relationship between muscle strength in paretic side with walking ability in stroke patients, but there is still no study about correlation between the muscle strength with a 2 minute walk test. The purpose of this study to determine the correlation between muscle strength of the lower extremity of the paretic side with walking ability in patients with chronic stroke using 2 minutes walk test, and determine which muscle groups that has the best correlation with the ability of walking.METHOD. There were 28 subjects who were eligible and willing to participate in the research. They got measurements of lower extremity muscle strength of the paretic side (hip extensor muscles, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, ankle plantarflexor) using hand-held dynamometer, then 2 minutes walk test. Patient demographic and clinical data were collected and recorded.THE RESULTS. There are significant positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side (hip extensor, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles) with the length of 2-minute walk test (r = 0.410 - r = 0.645). There are significant positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side (hip extensor, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexor, and ankle plantarflexor muscles) with walking speed of the 2-minute walk test (r = 0.409 - r = 0,641). The muscles with the best correlation with the ability of walking in patients with chronic stroke are the muscles with the highest r and the lowest p, plantarflexor ankle muscles, followed by dorsiflexor ankle muscles, hip flexors muscles, knee flexors muscles, knee extensor muscles, and hip extensor muscles.CONCLUSION. There are positive correlation between the strength of the lower extremity muscles of the paretic side with walking ability in patients with chronic stroke, and the muscles with the best correlation with the ability of walking are plantarflexor ankle muscles. ]"

"Latar belakang: Evaluasi sendi pada penyandang hemofilia memerlukan metode yang objektif dan terukur. USG sebagai metode yang relatif baru untuk artropati hemofilik AH belum memiliki konsensus sistem skor, sementara MRI telah memiliki sistem skor International Prophylaxis Study Group dari World Federation of Hemophilia IPSG-WFH . Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem skor USG baru untuk artropati hemofilik lutut tahap dini, dan menilai keselarasannya dengan skor MRI IPSG-WFH dan kadar CTX-II urin.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Formulasi skor USG berdasarkan pada studi pustaka terhadap 25 publikasi terkait sejak tahun 1999 - 2015 dan peer review. Terdapat 27 anak penyandang hemofilia A berat yang dipilih secara konsekutif. AH lutut tahap dini ditetapkan berdasarkan klasifikasi radiografi Arnold-Hilgartner derajat 0 - II. USG dan MRI lutut dilakukan dengan penilaian skor MRI IPSG-WFH dan skor USG yang baru. Kadar CTX-II urin ditetapkan dengan pemeriksaan ELISA. Data dianalisis dengan uji Spearman.Hasil: Sistem skor USG baru meliputi komponen efusi sendi, hipertrofi sinovium, hipervaskularisasi sinovium dengan Power Doppler, deposisi hemosiderin, dan kerusakan kartilago pada troklea femoris. Terdapat korelasi sedang antara skor USG dengan skor MRI. Tidak ada korelasi skor USG dengan CTX-II urin.Kesimpulan: Skor US baru ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif MRI pada AH lutut tahap dini.

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Introduction Assessment of knee haemophilic arthropathy HA required an objective measures. There was no consensus on preferrable US scoring system, while MRI already had a scoring system developed by the International Prophylaxis Study Group of the World Federation of Hemophilia IPSG WFH. This study developed a new US scoring system for early knee HA and its association with MRI scoring system and urinary CTX II level.Method The study was cross sectional. US scoring system was developed based on literature studies of 25 publications between 1999 - 2015 and peer review. Twenty seven children with severe haemophilia A was recruited consecutively. Early HA was confirmed by radiography as Arnold Hilgartner stage 0 - II. Knee MRI and US were scored using MRI IPSG WFH scoring system and the new US scoring system, while urinary CTX II level was measured using ELISA. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman test.Results US scoring system included joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, synovial hypervascularization using Power Doppler, hemosiderin deposition, and cartilage damage. Moderate correlation was found between US score and MRI score. There was no correlation between US score and urinary CTX II level.Conclusion The new US score can be used as an alternative for MRI in the assessment of early knee HA."

"Cedera MCL menjadi sumber nyeri yang sering dijumpai pada OA lutut kompartemen medial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh terapi kombinasi laser-elastic taping terhadap skor nyeri dan kecepatan berjalan pasien OA lutut dengan cedera MCL non traumatik. Studi double blind, randomized controlled trial ini dilakukan dua kali seminggu selama empat minggu. Skor nyeri diukur dengan VAS dan kecepatan berjalan diukur dengan lintasan 15 meter. Pengukuran outcome dilakukan sebelum penelitian, minggu pertama, kedua, ketiga dan keempat. Total 30 subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 15 kelompok perlakuan dan 15 kelompok kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapat terapi LLLT dan elastic taping tarikan 75% sedangkan kelompok kontrol mendapat terapi LLLT dan sham taping tanpa tarikan. Kedua kelompok diberikan logbook latihan penguatan di rumah. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik skor VAS antar kelompok (p= 0,015) pada minggu keempat. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna kecepatan berjalan antar kelompok (p= 0,395). Skor VAS dan kecepatan berjalan pada masing-masing kelompok mengalami perbaikan dan secara statistik bermakna. Kombinasi LLLT-elastic taping dengan atau tanpa tarikan dapat mengurangi nyeri dan memperbaiki kecepatan berjalan pasien OA lutut dengan cedera MCL non traumatik. Kelompok LLLT-elastic taping lebih unggul mengurangi nyeri dibandingkan LLLT-sham taping setelah empat minggu.

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Injury to periarticular structures, namely Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) sprain is a common cause of pain in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study aims to see the effect of combined LLLT laser therapy and elastic taping in the MCL area on improvement of pain scores and gait speed. This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in patients with knee OA with non-traumatic MCL sprain confirmed by knee ultrasonography. The study was conducted twice a week for four weeks. The pain score was measured with a VAS score and gait speed was measured on a 15-meter track. Outcome measurements were carried out before the study (baseline), during the first, second, third, and fourth weeks. A total of 30 subjects were divided into two groups, 15 in the treatment group (group A) and 15 in the control group (group B). Group A was given LLLT therapy and elastic taping with 75% tension, while group B was given LLLT and sham taping without tension. Both groups were given a logbook for home program strengthening exercises. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the VAS score between group A and group B (p = 0.015) in the fourth week. There was no significant difference in walking speed between groups (p = 0.395). The VAS score and walking speed in each group improved and were statistically significant. The combination of LLLT and elastic taping with or without tension can reduce pain and improve walking speed in knee OA patients with non-traumatic MCL sprain. After four weeks, the LLLT and elastic taping group were superior in reducing pain compared to the LLLT and sham taping group."