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"ABSTRACTWe conducted this study to establish whether drinking alcohol alters the risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in Japanese patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). The subjects were 66 LS patients with pathogenic mutation of mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6) from the nationwide Japanese retrospective multicenter study. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to investigate the factors correlating with early-onset CRC diagnosis, using clinical data such as gender, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, body mass index, gene mutation (MLH1, MSH2 vs MSH6), and family cancer history. Alcohol was significantly correlated with an increased risk of early-onset CRC [HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.13-5.16 (p = 0.02)], but tobacco use was not [HR 0.8, 95%CI 0.38-1.62 (p = 0.53)]. These findings suggest that alcohol consumption is correlated with an earlier onset of CRC in Japanese patients with LS."

"Ruang kota yang baik harus bisa mendukung kehidupan yang baik untuk penduduknya. Teori good city form (Lynch, 1981) merumuskan kota yang baik harus vital, sensible, well fitted, accessible, dan well controlled. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kualitas taman kota (Taman Sempur, Taman Heulang, dan Alun-Alun Kota Bogor) di Kota Bogor sebagai evaluasi ruang perkotaan dari hubungan persepsi penduduknya terhadap kondisi fisik dan dikaitkan dengan teori yang digunakan. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa ketersediaan fasilitas taman kota melalui pengamatan dan juga persepsi penduduk Kota Bogor melalui kuesioner daring dan wawancara kepada pengelola taman. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif spasial yang didapatkan dari hasil kodifikasi dan kategorisasi tema. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara persepsi dengan kondisi fasilitas taman, salah satunya dipengaruhi kegiatan yang dilakukan responden. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa kualitas dari ketiga taman ini masih belum sepenuhnya baik khususnya dalam memenuhi dimensi performa di antaranya vitality, access, dan fit. Tetapi sudah baik untuk dimensi control dan sense.

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A good urban space must be able to support a good life for its residents. The good city form theory (Lynch, 1981) formulates that a good city must be vital, sensible, well fit, access, and well controlled. This study aims to reveal the quality of urban parks (Taman Sempur, Taman Heulang, and Alun-Alun Kota Bogor) in Bogor City as an evaluation of urban space from the relationship between residents' perceptions of physical conditions and associated with the theory used. The data collected is  the availability of city park facilities through observation and also the perception of residents of Bogor City through online questionnaires and interviews with park managers (park rangers). The analysis used in this research is a descriptive and spatial analysis obtained from the results of the codification and categorization of themes. The results of this study reveal that there are relationships between perception and the condition of park facilities, one of which is influenced by the respondents’ activities. This study also concludes that the quality of the three parks is still not entirely good, especially in fulfilling the performance dimensions including vitality, access, and fit. However, it's good on the control and sense dimensions."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang :Karsinoma kolorektal (KKR) merupakan penyebab kematian kedua di dunia dari seluruh jeniskanker. KKR dapat disebabkan oleh defek dari MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI)adalah penanda defek MMR DNA. KKR MSI-H memiliki gambaran karakteristik tertentu.Tumor-infiltrating-lymphocyte (TIL) merupakan faktor prognosis. Hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 danMSH6 dapat sebagai penanda MSI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai terjadinya MSI padaKKR di sisi kiri dan sisi kanan kolon melalui Hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 dan MSH6, sertamengetahui hubungan antara TIL dengan MSI-H.Bahan dan Metode :Dilakukan pulasan IHK PMS2 dan MSH6, serta penghitungan TIL. Penilaian dilakukan denganmenghitung hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 dan MSH6 pada inti sel dan dikelompokkan ke dalamkelompok mutasi dan tidak mutasi .Penghitungan TIL juga dikelompokkan ke dalam TIL tinggidan rendah, berdasarkan nilai titik potong Hasil : Didapatkan 27,8% kasus menunjukkan hilangnya ekspresi PMS2 dan MSH6 dengan 14,4%kasus di distal kolon. TIL terbanyak di distal kolon 30% kasus. Tidak terdapat perbedaanbermakna antara mutasi PMS2 dan MSH6 dengan lokasi (p=0,829) dan TIL (p=0,187). Terdapatperbedaan bermakna antara usia dan lokasi (p=0,020) serta peningkatan ekspresi PMS2 denganMSH6 (p=0,06).Kesimpulan :MSI-H ditemukan pada 27,8% kasus. Penggunaan PMS2 dan MSH6 pada penelitian ini belumdapat menggantikan 4 panel IHK. Terdapat kecenderungan dimana adenokarsinoma NOSmemiliki frekuensi mutasi lebih tinggi dari adenokarsinoma musinosum.ABSTRACT Background : Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the world second leading cause of death from all types of cancer.CRC can be caused by a defect of MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker ofDNA MMR defect. CRC MSI-H has a certain characteristic figures. Tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes (TIL) isone of prognostic factor. Loss expression of the PMS2 and MSH6 can beuse as a marker of MSI. This study aims to assess the occurrence of MSI in CRC on the left sideand the right side of the colon through the loss of expression of PMS2 and MSH6, anddetermine the relationship between TIL with MSI-H. Materials and Methods :Immunohistochemical staining using two marker, there is PMS2 and MSH6. We also countingthe number of TIL. Assessment by calculating the loss expression of PMS2 and MSH6 in the cellnuclei and divided into two groups, the mutations and non mutations . TIL result also groupedinto high and low, based on the cutoff point. Result :There are 27.8% of cases showed loss of expression of PMS 2 and MSH6 with 14.4% of cases inthe distal colon. About 30% TIL cases located in distal colon. There were no significantdifferences between PMS2 and MSH6 mutation with the location (p = 0.829) and TIL (p =0.187). There are significant differences between age and location (p = 0.020) and increasedexpression of PMS2 with MSH6 (p = 0.06). \ Conclusion :MSI-H was found in 27.8% of cases. The use of PMS2 and MSH6 in this study have not beenable to replace 4 panels of IHC. There is a tendency where the adenocarcinoma NOS have ahigher mutation frequency than mucinous adenocarcinoma. ;Background :Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the world second leading cause of death from all types of cancer.CRC can be caused by a defect of MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker ofDNA MMR defect. CRC MSI-H has a certain characteristic figures. Tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes (TIL) isone of prognostic factor. Loss expression of the PMS2 and MSH6 can beuse as a marker of MSI. This study aims to assess the occurrence of MSI in CRC on the left sideand the right side of the colon through the loss of expression of PMS2 and MSH6, anddetermine the relationship between TIL with MSI-H. Materials and Methods :Immunohistochemical staining using two marker, there is PMS2 and MSH6. We also countingthe number of TIL. Assessment by calculating the loss expression of PMS2 and MSH6 in the cellnuclei and divided into two groups, the mutations and non mutations . TIL result also groupedinto high and low, based on the cutoff point. Result :There are 27.8% of cases showed loss of expression of PMS 2 and MSH6 with 14.4% of cases inthe distal colon. About 30% TIL cases located in distal colon. There were no significantdifferences between PMS2 and MSH6 mutation with the location (p = 0.829) and TIL (p =0.187). There are significant differences between age and location (p = 0.020) and increasedexpression of PMS2 with MSH6 (p = 0.06). \ Conclusion :MSI-H was found in 27.8% of cases. The use of PMS2 and MSH6 in this study have not beenable to replace 4 panels of IHC. There is a tendency where the adenocarcinoma NOS have ahigher mutation frequency than mucinous adenocarcinoma. ;Background :Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the world second leading cause of death from all types of cancer.CRC can be caused by a defect of MMR DNA. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker ofDNA MMR defect. CRC MSI-H has a certain characteristic figures. Tumor-infiltratinglymphocytes (TIL) isone of prognostic factor. Loss expression of the PMS2 and MSH6 can beuse as a marker of MSI. This study aims to assess the occurrence of MSI in CRC on the left sideand the right side of the colon through the loss of expression of PMS2 and MSH6, anddetermine the relationship between TIL with MSI-H. Materials and Methods :Immunohistochemical staining using two marker, there is PMS2 and MSH6. We also countingthe number of TIL. Assessment by calculating the loss expression of PMS2 and MSH6 in the cellnuclei and divided into two groups, the mutations and non mutations . TIL result also groupedinto high and low, based on the cutoff point. Result :There are 27.8% of cases showed loss of expression of PMS 2 and MSH6 with 14.4% of cases inthe distal colon. About 30% TIL cases located in distal colon. There were no significantdifferences between PMS2 and MSH6 mutation with the location (p = 0.829) and TIL (p =0.187). There are significant differences between age and location (p = 0.020) and increasedexpression of PMS2 with MSH6 (p = 0.06). \ Conclusion :MSI-H was found in 27.8% of cases. The use of PMS2 and MSH6 in this study have not beenable to replace 4 panels of IHC. There is a tendency where the adenocarcinoma NOS have ahigher mutation frequency than mucinous adenocarcinoma. "

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Gen mismatch repair (MMR) merupakan gen yang berperan dalam mekanisme DNA repair. Gen MMR dapat memperbaiki kesalahan pasangan basa, perubahan nukleotida dan kesalahan dalam unit pengulangan pasangan basa (microsatellites) selama proses replikasi DNA. Mutasi pada MMR yang umum terjadi pada gen MLH1 dan MSH2 memiliki asosiasi dengan terjadinya Lynch Syndrome pada pasien kanker kolon. Lynch Syndrome (LS) atau Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Carcinoma (HNPCC) merupakan sindrom kanker kolon herediter yang paling umum diwariskan. LS dapat ditandai dengan mutasi gen MLH1 dan MSH2 berupa delesi dan duplikasi large genomic. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) merupakan teknik kuantifikasi berbasis PCR yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi perubahan copy number variant pada large genomic. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi mutasi gen MLH1 dan MSH2 pada kanker kolon dengan teknik Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Sebanyak 25 sampel darah pasien yang terdiagnosis kanker kolon yang dikumpulkan secara retrospektif di Rumah Sakit Kanker Dharmais dikoleksi dari tahun 2018-2019. Mutasi gen MLH1 dan MSH diidentifikasi pada sampel darah pasien yang terdiagnosis kanker kolon dengan teknik MLPA menggunakan Probemix P003-D1 MLH1/MSH2 (MRC-Holland). Penelitian ini berhasil melakukan optimalisasi penggunaan teknik MLPA dengan terpenuhinya kualitas fragmen kontrol MLPA, kualitas fragment analysis, dan comparative analysis pada perangkat lunak Coffalayser.Net. Hasil screening pada 25 sampel menunjukkan tidak ditemukan adanya pola mutasi gen MLH1 dan MSH2 pada sampel yang mengindikasikan tidak terjadinya Lynch Syndrome dan kanker kolon yang terjadi bersifat sporadis.

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Mismatch repair genes (MMR) plays a role in the mechanism of DNA repair. The MMR genes correct base pair errors, nucleotide changes, and errors in base pair repeating units (microsatellites) during DNA replication. Mutations in MMR are common in MLH1 and MSH2 genes that have an association with the occurrence of Lynch Syndrome in colon cancer. Lynch Syndrome or Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Carcinoma (HNPCC) is the most common inherited hereditary colon cancer syndrome. LS is characterized by MLH1 and MSH2 gene mutations in the form of large genomic deletions and duplication. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a PCRbased quantification technique that can detect changes in copy number variants in large genomics. The aim of the study was to identify MLH1 and MSH2 gene mutations in colon cancer with Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) technique. Twenty-five blood samples of patients diagnosed with colon cancer were collected in Dharmais Cancer Hospital collected in 2018-2019, retrospectively. Mutations in MLH1 and MSH2 genes were identified in blood samples of patients diagnosed with colon cancer by the MLPA technique using Probemix P003-D1 MLH1/MSH2 (MRC-Holland). This study succeeded in optimizing the use of MLPA technique by fulfilling the fragments quality control of MLPA, the quality of fragment analysis, and comparative analysis in Coffalayser.Net software. The results of 25 samples screening showed no pattern of MLH1 and MSH2 gene mutations in the sample. This data indicated that there was no Lynch Syndrome and the colon cancer was sporadic.

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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai masyarakat Desa Segamai yang mengalami konvergensi dengan masyarakat Kota Tanjung Batu dalam hal pola konsumsi dan gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Orientasi ekonomi masyarakat desa menunjukkan orientasi ekonomi komersial. Hasil pendapatan digunakan untuk memenuhi pemahaman mereka mengenai kehidupan maju yang berorientasi pada kehidupan kota, melalui konsumsi terhadap berbagai barang yang berasal atau hanya bisa diperoleh dari kota. Lynch mengemukakan bahwa perputaran ide atau informasi yang berlangsung antara masyarakat desa maupun masyarakat kota disebabkan oleh perkembangan teknologi komunikasi media massa , transportasi, infrastruktur, dan migrasi. Meskipun masyarakat Desa Segamai memiliki keterbatasan infrastruktur dan transportasi menuju kota, tetapi tidak menutup adanya hubungan antara Desa Segamai dengan Kota Tanjung Batu. Selain perkembangan media massa, migrasi dalam rangka menjual hasil pertanian berperan penting atas perpindahan barang-barang dari Kota Tanjung Batu menuju Desa Segamai. Hal itu menunjukkan adanya perputaran lain yang tidak termasuk dalam model interaksi desa-kota Lynch, yakni perputaran barang-barang. Pemahaman mereka mengenai kemajuan yang berorientasi pada kota melalui konsumsi terhadap barang-barang kota tadi membuat Desa Segamai tidak bisa terlepas dari Kota Tanjung Batu.

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This undergraduate thesis examines about rural in Segamai who convergence with urban in Tanjung Batu within lifestyles and consumption pattern. This is a qualitative research. Their economy orientation shows commercial economy orientation. The income is used to fulfill their understanding about progressive life that oriented on town life, with consumption any goods whom they can only get or buy in town. Lynch say that flow of idea or information around rural and urban is because of the blooming of mass media, transportation, infrastucture, and migration. Although the rural in Segamai has limitedness on infrastructure and transportation toward the town, but there is still interaction possibility between Segamai and Tanjung Batu. Not only the blooming of mass media, migration with purpose selling agriculture crop also has important role in flow of consumer goods from Tanjung Batu to Segamai. The study suggests there is another flow flow of goods or things , that is not consist on Lynch rsquo s rural urban interaction model. Their understanding about urban life with consuming urban goods has the result of continuum between Segamai and Tanjung Batu."