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"Monyet tonkean (Macaca tonkeana) merupakan spesies yang secara alami hidup berkelompok, tetapi monyet tonkean jantan di Gembira Loka Zoo dipelihara secara soliter selama 10 tahun tanpa adanya pasangan kawin maupun individu sejenis. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi memicu munculnya perilaku stereotipe karena berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi adaptasi monyet tonkean jantan melalui pengamatan perilaku harian. Pengamatan dilakukan di Gembira Loka Zoo selama dua bulan dari Januari hingga Februari 2025 dengan total 30 pengulangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling dengan total 36 sample point setiap pengulangan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seekor monyet tonkean jantan bernama Boti (±20 tahun) yang berada dalam kandang soliter. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perilaku harian yang teramati terdiri dari resting (55,93%), feeding (18,41%), autogrooming (12,60%), moving (11,05%), stereotipe (1,66%), sexual (0,18%), dan vocalization (0,18%). Perilaku stereotipe yang muncul adalah pace, self-bite, dan self-hit. Perilaku stereotipe tidak muncul selama empat hari setelah pemberian enrichment. Perilaku sosial terhadap manusia yang teramati meliputi netral, non-contact aggression, dan close proximity. Perilaku body contact dan contact aggression tidak teramati selama pengamatan. Strategi adaptasi utama individu ini tercermin melalui pemanfaatan waktu yang relatif tinggi untuk beristirahat dan makan karena ketiadaan kompetitor serta kemunculan perilaku masturbasi sebagai aktivitas pengganti hubungan seksual karena ketiadaan betina atau pasangan kawin.

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Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana) is a species that naturally lives in groups. However, a male tonkean macaque at Gembira Loka Zoo has been kept in solitary conditions for ten years without the presence of a mate or conspecifics. This prolonged isolation potentially induces the emergence of stereotypic behaviors. This study aims to analyze the adaptive strategies of the solitary male tonkean macaque through daily behavioral observations. Observations were conducted at Gembira Loka Zoo over a two-month period from January to February 2025, with a total of 30 repetitions. The research employed focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods, with a total of 36 sample points per repetition. The subject of this study was a solitary male tonkean macaque named Boti (approximately 20 years old). The observed daily behaviors consisted of resting (55.93%), feeding (18.41%), autogrooming (12.60%), moving (11.05%), stereotypic behaviors (1.66%), sexual behavior (0.18%), and vocalization (0.18%). The identified stereotypic behaviors included pacing, self-biting, and self-hitting. These behaviors were not observed for four consecutive days following the provision of enrichment. The observed social behaviors directed toward humans included neutral responses, non-contact aggression, and close proximity. Body contact and contact aggression were not observed during the study period. The primary adaptive strategies of this individual were reflected in the high proportion of time spent resting and feeding, likely due to the absence of competitors, and the occurrence of masturbation behavior as a substitute for sexual interaction in the absence of a female or mating partner."