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"Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2015 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2016 terhadap ikan tenggiri yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Sungailiat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sumberdaya ikan tenggiri pada kondisi MSY, MEY dan OAE dan mengevaluasi tingkat pemanfaatannya. Parameter ekonomi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah harga ikan dan biaya meliputi biaya bahan bakar, bahan pengawet (es dan garam) oli, dan pangan. Alat tangkap yang digunakan adalah jaring insang hanyut dan pancing. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dan data bioekonomi diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak microsoft excel 2013 dan Maple 18. Data tersebut meliputi jumlah trip kapal, jumlah produksi alat tangkap, nilai produksi alat tangkap dan jumlah logistik kapal. Biological overfishing dan economic overfishing diduga telah terjadi dalam pemanfaatan ikan tenggiri tersebut. Persentase rata-rata tingkat pemanfaatan sebesar 67,74 % dengan upaya penangkapan sebesar 150,28%.

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This study was conducted in November 2015 until May 2016 to the mackerel landed in Sungailiat Fishing Port. This study aims to analyze resources of mackerel on condition MSY, MEY and OAE and evaluate the level of utilization. Economic parameters in this study were the price of fish and the cost includes the cost of fuel, preservatives (ice and salt) and food. Fishing gear used are drift gill nets and hand line. The sampling method is purposive sampling and the bioeconomy data was processed using software microsoft excel 2013 and Maple 18. The data includes the number of boat trips, the production of fishing gear, the production value and the number of logistics. Biological overfishing and economic overfishing alleged has occurred in the utilization of the mackerel fish. The average percentage utilization 67.74% and 150.28% of fishing effort."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aspek biologi panjang, bobot ikan, dan tingkat kematangan gonad ikan kembung lelaki terkait dengan parameter fisika suhu permukaan laut, kecerahan, dan arus dan kimia salinitas serta kesuburan perairan klorofil-a pada daerah penangkapan/fishing ground dalam upaya pengelolaan penangkapan ikan kembung di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2016-April 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga titik fishing ground yaitu Batu Hideung, Sumur dan Panaitan. Pengukuran panjang, berat ikan, pembedahan untuk mengamati tingkat kematangan gonad serta pengukuran parameter fisika kimia perairan dilakukan secara in situ. Suhu permukaan laut pada lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 28.20-29.700C, Kecepatan arus 0.6-0.8 m/det, kecerahan 6-9 m, dan salinitas 30-32g/l. Nilai klorofil-a bulan Desember 0.13 mg/m3 kondisi fishing ground kurang subur, Februari-April nilai klorofil-a 0.9-2.0 mg/m3 yang mengindikasikan bahwa area fishing ground Batu Hideung dan Sumur dalam kondisi subur. Ikan kembung lelaki yang tertangkap dengan jaring rampus diperoleh nilai fork length antara 14-22 cm modus 18.3 cm. Ukuran ikan pertama kali tertangkap Lc adalah 17.17 cm. Hasil analisis hubungan panjang berat diperoleh nilai slope b ikan kembung jantan dalam kategori allometrik negatif dan ikan betina allometrik positif. Ukuran panjang pertama kali ikan matang gonad Lm sebesar 17.91 cm. Hasil analisis nilai Lc lebih rendah dibanding nilai Lm, hal ini berdampak negatif bagi kelestarian ikan kembung. Upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan kembung perlu dilakukan dengan cara mengatur dan mengawasi operasi penangkapan berdasarkan siklus pola pemijahan ikan kembung.

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The aim of this research was to study the relationship between biological aspects length, weight and gonad maturity level of Indian Mackerel and physical sea surface temperature, transparency, and current velocity , chemical parameters salinity and chlorophyll a of the fishing grounds in Pandeglang regency. The research was conducted from December 2016 to April 2017. Samplings were taken at three sites within the fishing grounds in Batu Hideung, Sumur and Panaitan. The measurement of length, weight, and surgery for gonad maturity level observation as well as physical chemical waters parameters measurement were conducted in situ. The sea surface temperature at the study site ranged from 28.20 29.700C, current velocity 0.6 0.8 m s, transparency 6 9 m, and salinity 30 32 g l. While the value of chlorophyll a in December was 0.13 mg m3, at which the fishing ground conditions were less fertile, the chlorophyll a value in February April ranged from 0.9 to 2.0 mg m3, indicating that the fishing grounds within Batu Hideung and Sumur were in fertile condition. The fork length Indian mackerel caught by a bottom gillnet was about 14 22 cm mode 18.3cm. The length of fish at first capture Lc was 17.17 cm. The value of slope b in the length weight relationship revealed that male Indian mackerel was in negative allometric while female Indian mackerel was still positive. Length at first maturity Lm was 17.91 cm. The value of Lc is lower than Lm, revealed that the fishing activity has negative impacts on sustainability of Indian mackerel. Efforts including arrangement and supervision of fishing operations based on the spawning patterns are needed to manage Indian mackerel resources."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis kandungan logam berat Tembaga (Cu) pada partikel mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada ikan kembung Rastrelliger kanagurta, air dan sedimen di perairan Ancol dan Muara Baru, Teluk Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel air dan sedimen dilakukan pada 3 titik di setiap perairan. Sampel ikan diambil sebanyak 6 ekor pada masing – masing perairan dengan bobot ±100gr dengan panjang ±20cm. Sampel mikroplastik dilakukan dengan metode floating menggunakan NaCl jenuh dan diamati diatas kertas Whatman Cellulose Nitrate 0.47μm. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sampel air berkisar 182.22 – 332.22 partikel/L sedangkan, pada sampel sedimen berkisar 550.31 – 901.04 partikel/Kg dan sampel ikan berkisar 64 – 107 partikel/individu. Polimer yang teridentifikasi pada sampel antara lain polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) dan polystyrene (PS). Kandungan logam berat tembaga (Cu) pada mikroplastik air memiliki rata – rata 50.01 mg/kg dan pada sedimen 36.49 mg/kg sedangkan, pada ikan 19.53 mg/kg. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan bahwa tidak adanya korelasi antara kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan kandungan logam Cu pada mikroplastik yang ditemukan.

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This study analyzed the heavy metal content of copper (Cu) in microplastic particles found in mackerel fish Rastrelliger kanagurta, water and sediment of Ancol and Muara Baru, Jakarta Bay. Water and sediment sampling was carried out at 3 points in each waters. Samples of mackerel were taken as many as 6 fish in each waters with a weight of ± 100gr with a length of ± 20cm. Microplastic samples were carried out by floating method using saturated NaCl and observed on 0.47μm Whatman Cellulose Nitrate paper. The abundance of microplastics in water samples ranged from 182.22 – 332.22 particles/L while in sediment samples it ranged from 550.31 – 901.04 particles/Kg and fish samples ranged from 64 – 107 particles/individual. The polymers in the sample include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). The content of heavy metal copper (Cu) in water microplastics has an average of 50.01 mg/kg and 36.49 mg/kg in sediments, while in fish it is 19.53 mg/kg. Spearman correlation test showed that there was no correlation between microplastics and Cu metal content in microplastics

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"Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari-Desember 2012 di Kuandang, Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara. PPP Kuandang adalah pelabuhan baru yang masih membutuhkan data-data terkait sumberdaya ikan, salahsatunya adalah tenggiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek penangkapan meliputi produksi, komposisi, laju tangkap dan daerah penangkapan; aspek biologi seperti frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang berat, faktor kondisi, panjang pertama kali tertangkap, dan kebiasaan makan; aspek biologi reproduksi meliputi: Tingkat Kematangan Gonad, Index Kematangan Gonad, perbandingan jenis kelamin, musim pemijahan, panjang pertama kali matang gonad, diameter dan jumlah telur.Metode pengukuran ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson) diambil secara acak dari hasil tangkapan purse seine dan handline. Frekuensi panjang diperoleh dengan mengelompokkan ukuran ikan dengan interval kelas 6 cm. Ikan tenggiridi Teluk Kuandang melimpah pada Mei-Juli. Distribusi frekuensi panjang pada kisaran 25-138 cm denganyang didominasi ikan tenggiri yuwana 61.2%, dan ikan dewasa 38.8%.Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap dari pajeko lampu dan pancing ulur masing-masing 64.7 cm dan 71.9 cm.Hasil uji-t terhadap nilai b hubungan panjang berat diperoleh sifat pertumbuhan ikan tenggiri pada Februari-April, Juli, Agustus, Oktober adalah isometrik; Mei-Juni alometrik negatif, September alometrik positif; dan November-Desember alometrik negatif. Ikan tenggiri di Teluk Kuandang memijah pada Mei-Juli. Perbandingan kelamin rata-rata ikan jantan dan betina adalah1,3:1. Panjang pertama kali matang gonad ikan tenggiri adalah 80.4 cm, kisaran 79.3-81.6 cm. Jumlah telur ikan tenggiri berkisar 417.360-9.476.520 butir, rata-rata 3.419.663 butir pada kisaran panjang 65-103 cm. Diameter telur pada TKG IV ditemukan pada bulan Juni, Agustus, dan November.Kebiasaan makan ikan tenggiri adalah ikan layang, teri, lemuru, petek, dan cumi-cumi.

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The study was conducted in February-December 2012 at Kuandang, North Gorontalo regency. Kuandang fishing port is a new port that still require resource data related to fish, one of them is the spanish mackerel. The purpose of this study was to determine the fishing aspects include production, catch composition, catch rates and fishing ground; biological aspects such as length frequency, length weight relationship, condition factor, length at first capture, and food habits; and an aspects of reproductive biology include: gonad maturity stage, gonadosomatic index, sex ratio, spawning season, length at first maturity, diameter and number of eggs.

Methods to measurement of spanish mackerel was taken random from the catch of the purse seine and handline. Length frequencies was obtained by grouping fish by size class interval 6 cm.Spanish mackerel in the Kuandang Bay abundant in May-July. Length frequency distribution in the size range of 25-138 cm with predominantly immatureand mature 61.2% and 38.8% respectively.

The result of t-test on the b value fromlength weight relationshipwas obtained that spanish mackerel growth in February to April, July, August, October was isometric; May to June was allometric negative;September was allometric positive, and November-December was allometric negative.Relative condition factor in June was lowthey have spawned. Spanish mackerel in Kuandang Bay spanedinMay-July. The ratioof male and female was1,3:1. While length at first maturity was about 80.4 cm, size range 79.3-81.6 cm. The number of spanish mackerel eggs between417.360-9.476.520 grains, the average is 3.419.663 grain, with size range between 65-103 cm. An eggs diameter of stage IV of maturity was found in June, August, and November. Food habits of spanish mackerel are scads, anchovies, clupeids, ponyfish, and squid."

"Ikan tongkol adalah jenis ikan beruaya jauh dan merupakan komoditas penting di Indonesia dan dunia. Berdasarkan data tahun 2007 s/d 2016, produksi ikan tongkol di PPN Pekalongan berfluktuasi dengan tren menurun. Hal ini menunjukkan sumberdaya ikan tongkol di Laut Jawa telah mengalami penangkapan berlebihan secara biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aspek biologi dan ekonomi pemanfaatan ikan tongkol di Laut Jawa yang meliputi tangkapan per upaya penangkapan Catch Per Unit Effort/CPUE, produksi maksimum lestari Maximum Sustainable Yield/MSY, produksi maksimum ekonomi Maximum Economic Yield/MEY, dan produksi keseimbangan akses terbuka Open Access Equilibrium/OAE. Berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisis data, maka dapat diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut : 1. Produksi aktual adalah 2.867.53 ton/tahun dengan upaya 2.072,89 trip/tahun. Produksi optimal secara biologi pada MSY adalah 3.218,44 ton/tahun dengan upaya 2.537,10 trip/tahun. Oleh karena itu usaha penangkapan ikan tongkol di Laut Jawa belum mengalami penangkapan berlebihan secara biologi, 2. Usaha penangkapan ikan tongkol dengan kapal purse seine dan mini purse seine telah mengalami penangkapan ikan berlebihan secara ekonomi. 3. Produksi optimal secara ekonomi pada MEY dengan kapal mini purse seine adalah 1.814,01 ton/tahun pada upaya 861,13 trip/tahun. Produksi optimal secara ekonomi pada MEY dengan kapal gillnet adalah 3.182,34 ton/tahun pada upaya 2.268,39 trip/tahun.4. Produksi optimal pada OAE dengan kapal mini purse seine adalah 2.886,46 ton/tahun pada upaya 1.722,27 trip/tahun. Produksi optimal pada OAE dengan kapal gillnet adalah 1.219,08 ton/tahun pada upaya 4.536,78 trip/tahun. 5. Produksi/upaya aktual kapal purse seine dan mini purse seine tidak dapat ditingkatkan ke MSY, karena akan mengalami total kerugian yang lebih besar. Produksi/upaya aktual kapal mini purse seine harus dikurangi ke MEY agar dapat memperoleh total keuntungan yang optimal. Produksi/upaya penangkapan ikan tongkol dengan kapal gillnet masih dapat ditingkatkan ke MSY untuk meningkatkan keuntungan dengan tetap menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan tongkol di Laut Jawa atau ditingkatkan ke MEY untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang optimal.

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Mackerel tuna is higly migratory species and important comodities in Indonesia and the world. Based on data 2007 to 2016, production of Mackerel tuna were fluctuated with the decreasing trend. It is shown that utilization of Mackerel tuna resources in Java Sea have been overfished biologically and economically.

The objective of this research is to analyze biological and economical aspect of Mackerel tuna utilization in Java Sea that covering catch per unit effort CPUE , Maximum Sustainable Yield MSY, Maximum Economic Yield MEY, and Open Access Equilibrium OAE.

Based on data processing and analyzing, it get some conclusions as follow:

1. Actual production is 2.867.53 ton year with fishing effort 2.072,89 trip year. Optimum production biologically on MSY is 3.218,44 ton year with fishing effort 2.537,10 trip year. Therefore Mackerel tuna fishing business in Java Sea have not been overfished biologically.

2. Mackerel tuna fishing business in Java Sea with purse seine vessel and mini purse seine vessel have been overfished economically.

3. Optimum production economically on MEY with mini purse seine vessel is 1.814,01 ton year with fishing effort 861,13 trip year. Optimum production economically on MEY with gillnet vessel is 3.182,34 ton year with fishing effort 2.268,39 trip year.

4. Optimum production on OAE with mini purse seine vessel is 2.886,46 ton year with fishing effort 1.722,27 trip year. Optimum production on OAE with gillnet vessel is 1.219,08 ton year with fishing effort 4.536,78 trip year.

5. Actual production effort of gillnet vessel and mini purse seine vessel can not be increased to MSY, because should get a bigger total loss.

Production fishing effort of mini purse seine vessel should be decreased to MEY so it get optimum total profit. Production fishing effort of Mackerel tuna fishing in Java Sea with gillnet vessel can be increased to MSY for increasing profit with keeping sustainable of Mackerel tuna resources in Java Sea or to MEY for optimum total profit."

"The function of lateral line organ system of jack mackerel (Trachurusjaponicus) was studied through histological observations, for identifying the structure and distribution of lateral line organs both for the head part and body trunk, with the identification of the histological details of pores and hair cells. Histological observations were conducted with a binocular microscope, with three different approaches as haematoxylin, methylene blue and di-4-ASP dye for identifying the structure and distribution of lateral line organs, and then to identify the histological details of pores and hair cells by preparing the sampled tissue for photo-microscopic observations. The results showed that seven canal systems were identified in the head part; such as supra temporal, postoptic, optic, supra orbital, infra orbital, operculum and mandibular canals, with the width ranging 0.9-1.5 mm. Higher density of pore distribution was examined on the nasal and dorsal areas of the head part, which is 7-8 and 5 pores/mm2 respectively. In the other areas of the head part, the density of pores was ranged as 1-2 pores/mm2. Concerning the body trunk, 29 pores of 12-13 pm diameters were identified along the main lateral line. The functions of lateral line organ of jack mackerel are discussed in relation to the swimming behaviour and performance."

"Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Karangsong adalah penyumbang produksi ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacepede 1800) terbesar di Kabupaten Indramayu tahun 2013 sebesar 21,02%. Puncak produksi ikan tenggiri tertinggi pada bulan Mei (Musim Peralihan I). Ikan tenggiri dari laut Jawa (perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya) yang didaratkan sebesar 5-10% merupakan ikan khas dan primadona hasil tangkapan nelayan Kabupaten Indramayu, ukuran panjang cagak ikan tenggiri yang tertangkap didominasi ikan belum matang gonad.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi serta menganalisis aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi ikan tenggiri yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong meliputi daerah penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan, dan produksi. Sedangkan aspek biologi meliputi sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang-bobot, perbandingan jenis kelamin, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, jumlah telur, diameter telur, makanan, dan faktor kondisi.Metode pengambilan sampel secara acak dari hasil tangkapan jaring millenium dan jaring rampus di perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong. Sebaran frekuensi panjang ikan tenggiri diperoleh dengan mengelompokan ukuran panjang ikan dengan interval kelas 3 cm, hasil tangkapan jaring millenium 34-105 cm didominasi 58-69 cm yaitu ikan tenggiri belum matang gonad 63% dan ikan matang gonad 37%, hasil tangkapan jaring rampus 28-99 cm didominasi 64-69 cm yaitu ikan tenggiri belum matang gonad 73% dan ikan matang gonad 27%. Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dengan jaring millenium sebesar 63,80 cm, dengan jaring rampus sebesar 58,60 cm. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan betina panjang FL sebesar 74,83 cm. Nisbah kelamin rata-rata ikan jantan dan betina adalah 1,3:1,0. Hasil uji-t terhadap hubungan panjang-bobot secara keseluruhan diperoleh sifat pertumbuhan ikan tenggiri di perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya adalah alometrik negatif. Jumlah telur berkisar 41.300-246.526 butir pada panjang 60-68 cm, diameter telur berkisar antara 0,44-0,85 mm. Pola pemijahan ikan tenggiri secara bertahap (partial spawning).

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Karangsong Fishing Port is a fish landing base that contribute the biggest of mackerel production (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacepede 1800) in Indramayu in 2013, which is around 21.02%. The highest peak of mackerel production is on May (First in between season). 5-10% of mackerel from the Indramayu and its surrounding waters (Coastal of Java) is typical and excellent fish caught by fishermen in Indramayu district. The length size of mackerels are dominated by immature gonad fish.

The objective study is to obtain data and information regarding with fisheries and biological aspects of mackerel that were landed in Karangsong Fishing Port. The fishing ports include fishing areas, cathing composition and production. The biological aspects are about length frequency distribution, lengthweight relationship, sex ratio, size of the fish on first captured, size of the first ripe gonads, gonad maturity level, gonad maturation index, fecundity egg, egg diameter, foods, and condition factors.

Sampling method was done randomly in this study on two fishing gears (nets millennium and nets rampus) in Indramayu and surrounding waters for mackerels which are landed in Karangsong Fishing Port. Length frequency distribution was obtained by classifying mackerels fish length at intervals of 3 cm class. The result of mackerels catch using millennium nets at size of 34-105 cm, dominated by size 58-69 cm which were immature mackerels 63% and 37% of mature fish. Mackerel that were caught by rampus nets at size 28-99 cm, were dominated by 64-69 cm, which were immature mackerel fish 73% and 27% of mature fish. Mackerels size (Lc) that are first caught by millennium nets was 63.80 cm, and by rampus nets was 58.60 cm. The size of the first mature female fish gonads was in lenght FL 74.83 cm. Average sex ratio of males and females was 1.3:1.

T-test results of the length-weight relationship showed that mackerels growth characteristics in Indramayu and surrounding waters were negatively allometric. Fecundity of mackerel were ranged 41.300-246.526 egg at 60-68 cm length, diameter ranged from 0.44 to 0.85 mm. Spawning pattern of mackerel was egg partial spawner."