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"The lexical roots of Malay are flexible with regard to their grammatical categories, which presents a problem in providing grammatical evidence for their category determination. This paper attempts to propose the use of affixes as one way to deal with the issue. Data from Indonesian and Ambon (Malay) language are among others given for clarification. The grammatical evidence from Indonesian active meN-, together with other affixes, are revisited as they can contribute to our understanding of the matter."

"This paper presents a general survey of borrowing within the Malayic language family, in which both the source and the recipient languages are either varieties of Malay/Indonesian, or other closely-related Malayic languages. The survey provides empirical evidence for a generalization governing the directionality of borrowing, specifying that the donor variety tends to be higher than the recipient variety on a scale of exotericity, making reference to a set of features of a broadly sociolinguistic nature. In terms of a sociolinguistically-based typology of Malayic varieties, the most frequent instances of borrowing within Malayic are from Standard Malay and Indonesian into koiné varieties and traditional dialects, as well as from koiné varieties into traditional dialects."

"This paper describes the encounters that Italian travellers, explorers, and traders had with the peoples of the Malay world at the turn of the century. In particular, it focuses on the linguistic descriptions and observations made by Italian explorers of the languages spoken in the places they visited and included in their travel writings. In addition to the pioneering work of Pigafetta, the Italian scribe who followed Magellan on his voyage around the world and produced the first “Italian-Malay vocabulary” in 1521, other linguistic descriptions and observations were made by Giovanni Gaggino, a merchant who compiled an Italian-Malay dictionary in Singapore, Odoardo Beccari, a naturalist who offered reflections on the Malay spoken in Borneo, and Celso Cesare Moreno, a ship captain and adventurer. Elio Modigliani, in his travels to Nias, Enggano, Mentawai, and the Batak country, provided detailed information on the local languages spoken in these islands in North and West Sumatra, while Giovanni Battista Cerruti, an explorer and ship captain who visited Singapore, Batavia, and the Malay Peninsula, commented on the languages, as did Emilio Cerruti, who travelled to the Moluccas and Papua. This paper focuses on how these languages were described and perceived by these nineteenth-century Italian travellers. It concludes that these explorers were all united by a common necessity, namely the importance of speaking local languages in order to be able to interact with the people they met on their travels. Malay, in particular, was always viewed positively as an international language, a powerful tool for communicating, learning, and interacting with others, and a beautiful language. Conversely, the other minority languages were seen as poor and simple, but still a powerful tool to overcome barriers and lay the foundations for intercultural communication."

"Cerita Panji diperkirakan lahir pada akhir kejayaan Majapahit, yakni sekitar tahun 1400-an. Cerita ini menyebar secara luas ke berbagai daerah di Nusantara seperti Bali, Sunda, Sasak, dan Melayu dan selanjutnya memperkaya khazanah kesusastraan di daerah-daerah tersebut. Masuknya Cerita Panji dalam lingkungan kesusastraan Melayu lama diperkirakan pada abad yang sama, sejalan dengan perkembangannya ke daerah-daerah lain dalam khazanah kesusastraan Melayu lama, Cerita Panji muncul dalam dua bentuk: prosa dan puisi.Dalam bentuk prosa Cerita Panji muncul dalam bentuk hikayat, misalnya Hikayat Undaken Panurat. Dalam bentuk puisi, Cerita Panji muncul dalam bentuk syair, yaitu Syair Ken Tambuhan. Syair ini diperkirakan lahir pada paro kedua abad ke-17. Syair ini telah lama menarik perhatian para peneliti. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya publikasi hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai syair percintaan itu.Penelitian ini adalah sebuah kajian filologis atas naskah Melayu berjudul Syair Ken Tambuhan. Dalam Cerita Panji Melayu, Syair Ken Tambuhan memiliki dua versi, yaitu versi pendek dan versi panjang. Syair Ken Tambuhan versi Muhammad Bakir merupakan syair versi pendek sedangkan Syair Ken Tambuhan versi KIinkert merupakan syair versi panjang. Kedua naskah tersebut tersimpan di Perpustakaan Nasional Jakarta.Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menerbitkan edisi teks atas versi-versi tersebut serta membandingkan struktur keduanya karena perbedaan-perbedaan yang diperlihatkannya amat menarik minat penulis.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menganalisis dua teks ini adalah pendekatan objektif Abrams yang mencakup di dalamnya pendekatan struktural. Dengan membandingan unsur-unsur intrinsiknya dapat diketahui tujuan penyalin dalam mengerjakan naskah tersebut.

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The story of Panji was first published around I400's. It was sometime at the of Majapahit era. This story was widely spread to Bali, Sunda, Sasak and Malay, which then enriched the literary heritage in the regions. Panji story entered the old Malay literature approximately in the same century, in accordance with its spread to other regions.

In literary heritage of the old Malay, the story of Panji appeared in two types: prose and poetry. In prose, the story of Panji appeared as a tale, such as in Undaken Penurat tale. In the poetry type, the story of Panji appeared as a poem, namely Syair Ken Tambuhan. This poem was created at around the second period of 17th century. This poem had drawn attention of researchers for along time. This can be seen from a lot of research publications about the romantic poem.

This research is a philological study of Malay manuscript titled Syair Ken Tambuhan. In the story of Panji Melayu, Syair Ken Tambuhan has two versions: short and long versions. Syair Ken Tambuhan Muhammad Bakir version is the short version poem, whereas Syair Ken Tambuhan Klinkert version is the long version poem.

The aim of this research is to publish the text editions of those versions and to compare both of their structures because the differences between them has attracted me researchers.

The approach which is used to analyze these two texts is based on Abrams objective approach that consists of structural approach. By comparing the intrinsic elements we find out the writers' objective in writing these manuscripts."