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"A ship usually performs maneuvers under the influence of external forces and moments, such as wind, waves, and current. Therefore, it is important to understand the maneuvering behavior of ships under the action of external forces. This paper discusses the turning maneuvers of an Indonesian roro ferry under the combined influence of constant wind and regular waves using the mathematical modelling group (MMG). The ship’s position relative to the wave trough is added to the original MMG model to estimate the exciting forces and moment induced by the waves. The results of a numerical simulation show that the effect of wave height on turning ability is more significant for a small wavelength; this effect decreases as the wavelength increases. The effect of wavelength on the sway force and yaw moment is more significant compared with its effect on the surge force. The ship’s initial position relative to the wave trough does not have a significant effect on the turning characteristic and it can be neglected for the present study’s subject ship. Overall, the results of the present work compare well with published data."

"The aim of the paper is to describe the influences of conventional and azimuthing podded propulsion on passenger ferry maneuvering, particularly turning circle and zig-zag maneuvers. The MATLAB-simulink program was used to simulate the turning circle and the zig-zag maneuvers. The program was developed based on the mathematical model for ferry maneuvering. The model involved the setting-up of a 4-DOF in a modular of the Mathematical Modelling Group (MMG) of the hull, propellers-rudder or pod system. The simulation includes separating components of the hull equations, propeller-rudder or pod systems as well as the interaction between them. The results indicated that the azimuthing podded propulsion has an advantage for turning circle performance, meanwhile conventional propulsion is beneficial for zig-zag maneuvers. The 1st and 2nd overshoot times of conventional propulsion of the sea trial are higher than the simulation; but the turning cirles of the sea trial are lower."