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"ABSTRACTThe growing population and the rapid economic development have led an increasing input of waste waters mainly from industries, agriculture and households into marine environment. In addition, discharge of maritime transportation and accidents of soil spills contribute to the marine as pollutants. The released compounds have dangerious effects, for example hazard to human health, hindrance to marine activitities, and impairmentof the quality of seawaters. Because of hydrophobic character, these compound contaminants tend to be adsorbed to sediment particles and therefore it could be considered as pollution reservoirs. They are also accumulated in the aquatic organism and biomagnified in the food chains. Some contaminants pose a health risk to aquatic organisms and ultimately to humans who consume contaminated seafood. Therefore, study of activated carbon dsorption will reduce organic pollution such as PAH in marine environment."

"ABSTRACTNitrogen transformations are undertaken by marine organism as part of their metabolism, either to obtain nitrogen to synthesize structural compenents or to gain energy for their growth. Nitrogen can stimulate primer productivity in an aquatic ecosystem. Increasing human activities can cause the increase of the number of nitrogen in the ocean. The increased input of nitrogen which is often accompanied by oxygen limitation has a strong negative effect on benthic metabolism and nitrogen mineralization. The ocean nitrogen cycle is driven by complex microbial transformations, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, nitrification, anammox and denitrification."

"Anthropogenic changes to the marine environment are causing some considerable concern and yet there is very little information on the overall effects of either single or multiple human influences on species, populations, or, indeed, communities. The indication is that anthropogenic stressors have significantly altered the composition and diversity of marine communities at almost every trophic level, which can have profound effects on surviving species and ecosystems, especially when major processes are supported by a limited number of species. Studies investigating the effects of multiple stressors, however, are challenging as ecological changes are underpinned by physiological adjustments and differences in tolerance levels which are highly variable among and within species and populations. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of multiple stressors, this volume summarizes current understanding of the physiological and ecological responses of marine species to a wide range of potential stressors (salinity, hypoxia, ocean acidification, temperature, chemical pollution, nitrogen deposition, ultraviolet radiation, and noise), before it considers what is currently known about effects of multiple co-occurring stressors in the marine environment. Expertise, ranging from emerging early career researchers to leaders in the field, have been brought together to outline the responses shown by different marine species and habitats at different levels of biological and ecological organization, as well as to provide perspectives on potential future outcomes for some of the most pressing environmental issues facing society today."