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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu tujuan penggunaan autopilot pada kapal laut adalah untuk mempermudah awak kapal dalam usaha mengendalikan arah gerak kapal agar tetap berada pada suatu lintasan lurus yang diinginkan. Disamping itu juga seyogianya autopilot dapat pula digunakan untuk mengatur kapal agar mengikuti perpindahan arah gerak dan suatu arah ke arah yang lain.

Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, dibahas dinamika gerak kapal untuk empat kapal yang berbeda, dua kapal barang dengan ukuran utama yang berbeda, satu kapal tanker dan satu kapal curah. Berdasarkan informasi tentang dinamika kapal-kapal tersebut dibuat model diskrit sebagai model acuan untuk penerapan kendali adaptif variansi minimum.

Untuk keperluan pengendalian agar kapal dapat mencapai arah yang tetap (course keeping) digunakan regulator variansi minimum. Sedang untuk mengendalikan kapal agar dapat mengikuti perpindahan arah gerak dari suatu arah ke arah yang lain (course tracking) digunakan kendali variansi minimum. Kendali/regulator tersebut diuji dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan simulasi perangkat lunak yang ditulis dalam bahasa BASIC.

Hasil Simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kendali/regulator variansi minimum dengan segala keterbatasannya, mampu mengendalikan arah gerak kapal baik untuk course keeping maupun untuk course tracking.

Abstrak :
This encyclopedia adopts a wider definition for the concept of ocean engineering. Specifically, it includes (1) offshore engineering: fixed and floating offshore oil and gas platforms; pipelines and risers; cables and moorings; buoy technology; foundation engineering; ocean mining; marine and offshore renewable energy; aquaculture engineering; and subsea engineering; (2) naval architecture: ship and special marine vehicle design; intact and damaged stability; technology for energy efficiency and green shipping; ship production technology; decommissioning and recycling; (3) polar and Arctic Engineering: ice mechanics; ice-structure interaction; polar operations; polar design; environmental protection; (4) underwater technologies: AUV/ROV design; AUV/ROV hydrodynamics; maneuvering and control; and underwater-specific communicating and sensing systems for AUV/ROVs. It summarizes the A–Z of the background and application knowledge of ocean engineering for use by ocean scientists and ocean engineers as well as nonspecialists such as engineers and scientists from all disciplines, economists, students, and politicians. Ocean engineering theories, ocean devices and equipment, ocean design and operation technologies are described by international experts, many from industry and each entry offers an introduction and references for further study, making current technology and operating practices available for future generations to learn from. The book also furthers our understanding of the current state of the art, leading to new and more efficient technologies with breakthroughs from new theory and materials. As the land resources approach the exploitation limit, ocean resources are becoming the next choice for the sustainable development. As such, ocean engineering is vital in the 21st century.