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"makalah disampaikan dalam seminar revitalisasi dan reintrepetasi nilai-nilai hukum tidak tertulis dalam pembentukan dan penemuan hukum, diselenggarakan oleh BPHN DEPKUMHAM RI Sulawesi Selatan taggal 28-30 september 2005 di makassar"

"During the new order era local adat was subjected to a process of cultural erosion due to the priorities accorded national integrations, as well as economic, social and development by the Indonesian government. However, the '90s have witnessed a resurgence of concern with adat as a vehicle for the local peoples' identity and as a mechanism for local government and dispute resolution, trends intensified since the beginning of the reformasi era with its relegitimation of discourse of regional autonomy. This essay presents a case study of these processes among Lindu people of Central Sulawesi, focusing upon how they have managed to reinvigorate their adat as a response to two forms of governmental imposition: 1) the encompassment of their land within a national park (i.e. Taman National Lore Lindu); and 2) the plan to construct a hydroelectric project, which would have forced the loss of land to rising water level and resettlement of the local population. The Lindu people have sought there empowerment of their adat by recasting it as a community resource management system that they argue can lead to greater sustainability of local natural resource than any imposed regimen of national park regulations. With assistance of NGOs such as Yayasan Tanah Merdeka, they have also adopted the discourse of 'indigenous people' to defend their continuing right of inhabitation in their homeland in the face of threatened resettlement. This essay explores the cultural politics of masyarakat adat as 'indigenous people' and the invocation of ecologically sound 'indigenous wisdom' as a warrant for resistance to development programs."

"Artikel ini mengulas mengenai lingkungan hidup, habitat manusia dan pemukiman di Sulawesi Utara. Secara historis masih terdapat perbedaan asumsi mengenai asal mula pemukiman penduduk di daerah ini, apakah memang ada penduduk asli (indigenous) atau akibat datangnya para migrant. Selama masa kolonial Belanda terjadi perubahan di daerah pedesaan khususnya perkembangan ekonomi pertanian dari ekonomi subsisten ke ekonomi yang berorientasi ke ekspor yang mempengaruhi pula pola pemukiman dan organisasi sosial. pengaruh ini menimbulkan 3 pola pemukiman penduduk yang berbeda, Untuk daerah Sangir-Talaud pola pemukiman pantai, Bolaang-Mongondow pola pemukiman pantai dan pedalaman, dan Minahasa sendiri memperlihatkan pola pemukiman pantai dan pedalaman yang sudah menetap. Perkembangan pola pemukiman mulai berubah lagi dengan adanya proses urbanisasi yang terjadi karena pertumbuhan ekonomi moderen."