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"The subject of the book is advanced statistical analyses for quantitative research synthesis (meta-analysis), and selected practical issues relating to research synthesis. Specifically the book describes multivariate analyses for several indices commonly used in meta-analysis (e.g., correlations, effect sizes, proportions and/or odds ratios), will outline how to do power analysis for meta-analysis (again for each of the different kinds of study outcome indices), and examines issues around research quality and research design and their roles in synthesis. For each of the statistical topics we will examine the different possible statistical models (i.e., fixed, random, and mixed models) that could be adopted by a researcher. "

"Berbagai penelitian terkini menunjukkan bahwa durasi tidur malam yang pendek berhubungan dengan kejadian obesitas pada orang dewasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan durasi tidur malam pada orang dewasa yang mengalami obesitas dengan orang dewasa yang tidak obesitas di dunia. Penelitian yang diikutsertakan dalam meta-analisis merupakan penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada rentang tahun 1990 hingga 2013. Identifikasi penelitian dilakukan secara sistematis menggunakan PubMed dan e-Resource PNRI maupun manual melalui daftar referensi dari jurnal penelitian yang teridentifikasi dalam langkah sistematis. Sebanyak 57 penelitian yang teridentifikasi secara sistematis dianggap potensial, 16 penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 7 penelitian diikutsertakan dalam meta-analisis. Sebanyak 5 penelitian teridentifikasi secara manual dan 2 diantaranya diikutsertakan dalam meta-analisis. Secara keseluruhan, 9 penelitian diikutsertakan dalam meta-analisis dan melibatkan 78.119 subjek. Durasi tidur malam dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu ≤ 5 jam, 5 ? 7 jam dan < 7 jam. Masing-masing kelompok tersebut dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol, yaitu orang dewasa dengan durasi tidur malam 7 hingga 9 jam. Nilai OR gabungan kelompok pertama adalah 1,73 (95% CI: 1,47-2,03). OR gabungan kelompok kedua adalah 1,21 (95% CI: 1,05-1,39) dan kelompok ketiga adalah 1,42 (95%CI: 1,25 ? 1,61).

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Many recent studies show that short sleep duration may be associated with adulthood obesity. The objective of this study is to assess difference of sleep duration between obese and non-obese adults based on formerly scientific studies. Studies which were included in this meta-analysis are published between years of 1990 ? 2013. Systematic identification was done using PubMed and e-Resource PNRI. Manually identification was done using reference of studies which identified systematically. Of 58 potential studies identified systematically, 16 met inclusion criteria and 7 were pooled in the meta-analysis. Of 5 studies identified manually, 2 were pooled in the meta-analysis. Overall, 9 studies were pooled in the meta-analysis for a total 78.119 subjects. Sleep duration is differentiated into 3 groups, ≤ 5 hours, 5 ? 7 hours and < 7 hours. Summary OR of first group is 1,73 (95%CI: 1,47-2,03). Summary OR of second group is 1,21 (95%CI: 1,05-1,39) and third group is 1,42 (95%CI: 1,25 ? 1,61)."

"Penyakit demam berdarah dengue tergolong endemis dan epidemik di lebih dari 100 negara tropis dan sub-tropis. Situasi kasus demam berdarah dengue di Indonesia tahun 2011 dilaporkan sebanyak 16.612 orang dengan kematian sebanyak 142 orang (CFR 0,85%). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor karakteristik individu dan kondisi lingkungan terhadap demam berdarah dengue. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan metode meta-analisis dengan sampel studi 27 case control dan 5 crossectional pada model random effect untuk penggabungan nilai OR. Hasilnya adalah variabel-variabel pada penelitian crossectional cenderung tidak heterogen dan kurang mendukung model random effect. Uji publikasi pada funnel-plot terdapat indikasi bias publikasi, namun uji Egger’s test hanya membuktikan variabel penggunaan kelambu. Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dengan demam berdarah dengue pada variabel kebiasaan menggantung pakaian (OR=2,40; 95%CI=1,44-3,99), kondisi TPA (OR=2,63; 95%CI=1,79-3,88), keberadaan jentik nyamuk pada case control (OR=2,96; 95%CI=1,97-4,45), dan keberadaan jentik nyamuk pada crossectional (OR=4,67; 95%CI=2,68-8,14).

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Dengue fever is classified as endemic and epidemic in more than 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries. Cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia was reported as many as 16.612 people with 142 deaths in 2011 (CFR 0,85%). This study is aimed to determine the relationship of individual characteristic and environmental condition towards dengue hemorrhagic fever. Study design is a literature review with meta-analysis method, which has sample of 27 case-control and 5 crossectional studies, also using random effect model for the summary of odds ratio. The result is the variables in cross-sectional studies tend not to support heterogeneous and less random effect models. Test publication in the funnel plot is an indication of publication bias, but the Egger's test only proves the variable of using mosquito nets. Found a significant association with dengue hemorrhagic fever in the habit of hanging clothes variable (OR = 2,40; 95% CI = 1,44 to 3,99), container conditions (OR = 2,63; 95% CI = 1,79- 3,88), the presence of mosquito larvae in the case control study (OR = 2,96; 95% CI = 1,97 to 4,45), and the presence of mosquito larvae in the crossectional study (OR = 4,67; 95% CI = 2,68-8,14)."

"Penelitian ini menginvestigasi resiliensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam menghadapi dampak dari pandemi COVID-19 dengan menganalisis karakteristik perusahaan dan kompetensi kewirausahaan melalui pendekatan meta-analisis dengan menggunakan 60 literatur studi dan 425 estimasi empiris. Temuan dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa kompetensi kewirausahaan, yang meliputi orientasi kewirausahaan, networking & modal sosial, serta sumber daya manusia, secara signifikan meningkatkan ketahanan UMKM lebih dari karakteristik perusahaan seperti ukuran perusahaan, usia bisnis, dan modal finansial. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi beberapa faktor moderasi yang mencakup pemanfaatan teknologi dan aspek budaya (penghindaran ketidakpastian, individualisme, dan motivasi menuju pencapaian dan kesuksesan). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur ICT yang kuat, keterampilan, dan pemanfaatan yang baik, bersama dengan kebijakan yang mendukung, memperkuat ketahanan UMKM. Studi ini juga menyoroti dampak negatif dari penghindaran ketidakpastian yang tinggi dan individualisme terhadap ketahanan, sementara motivasi menuju pencapaian dan kesuksesan berpengaruh positif. Analisis UMKM Indonesia, yang melibatkan 26 studi literatur dan 91 estimasi, mendukung temuan ini, menekankan dampak lebih besar dari kompetensi kewirausahaan. Studi ini menyarankan perlunya kebijakan terarah dan program dukungan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan UMKM melalui adaptasi teknologi dan budaya.

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This study investigates the resilience of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing firm characteristics and entrepreneurial competencies. Utilizing a meta-analysis approach, 60 literature studies and 425 empirical estimates were examined. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial competence, encompassing entrepreneurial orientation, networking & social capital, and human capital, significantly enhances MSME resilience more than firm characteristics such as firm size, business age, and financial capital. Additionally, technological utilization and cultural aspects (uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and motivation towards achievements and success) were assessed as moderating factors. The results indicate that robust ICT infrastructure, proficiency, and utilization, along with supportive policies, bolster MSME resilience. The study also underscores the negative impact of high uncertainty avoidance and individualism on resilience, whereas motivation towards achievement and success positively influences resilience. The analysis of Indonesian MSMEs, incorporating 26 literature studies and 91 empirical estimates, corroborates these findings, highlighting the greater impact of entrepreneurial competence. The study suggests the need for targeted policies and support programs to enhance MSME resilience through technological and cultural adaptation."

"Background: non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be associated with some metabolic disorders. Recent studies suggested the role of uric acid in NAFLD through oxidative stress and inflammatory process. This study is aimed to evaluate the association between serum uric acid and NAFLD. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane library. The quality of all studies was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). All data were analyzed using REVIEW MANAGER 5.3. Results: eleven studies from America and Asia involving 100,275 subjects were included. The pooled adjusted OR for NAFLD was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.66-2.23; p<0.00001). Subgroup analyses were done based on study design, gender, non-diabetic subjects, non-obese subjects. All subgroup analyses showed statistically significant adjusted OR and most of which having low to moderate heterogeneity. Two studies revealed relationship between increased serum uric acid levels and severity of NAFLD. No publication bias was observed. Conclusion: our study demonstrated association between serum uric acid level and NAFLD. This finding brings a new insight of uric acid in clinical practice. Increased in serum uric acid levels might serve as a trigger for physician to screen for NAFLD.

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Latar belakang: perlemakan hati non-alkoholik (PHNA) berhubungan dengan berbagai penyakit metabolik. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan peranan asam urat pada PHNA melalui proses oksidatif dan inflamasi. Laporan ini bertujuan mengevaluasi hubungan antara kadar asam urat serum dengan PHNA.

Metode: tinjauan pustaka sistematik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Pubmed dan Cochrane library. Kualitas dari setiap studi dikaji dengan menggunakan the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Semua data dianalisis dengan menggunakan REVIEW MANAGER 5.3.

Hasil: didapatkan 11 studi dari Amerika dan Asia yang secara keseluruhan melibatkan 100.275 subjek. Pooled adjusted OR untuk NAFLD adalah 1,92 (95% CI: 1,66-2,23; p<0,00001). Analisis subgroup dilakukan berdasarkan desain studi, gender, subjek non diabetes, subjek non obese. Semua analisa subgroup menunjukkan adjusted OR yang bermakna secara statistic dan heterogenitas yang rendah hingga sedang pada mayoritas analisis subgrup. Dua studi menunjukkan hubungan antara kenaikan serum asam urat dengan tingkat keparahan PHNA. Bias publikasi tidak ditemukan pada laporan ini.

Kesimpulan: laporan ini menunjukkan hubungan antara kadar serum asam urat dengan PHNA. Temuan ini dapat memberikan pandangan yang baru terhadap asam urat dalam praktik klinis. Peningkatan kadar serum asam urat dapat menjadi pemicu bagi dokter untuk melakukan skrining PHNA."

"Modern meta-analyses do more than combine the effect sizes of a series of similar studies. Meta-analyses are currently increasingly applied for any analysis beyond the primary analysis of studies, and for the analysis of big data. This 26-chapter book was written for nonmathematical professionals of medical and health care, in the first place, but, in addition, for anyone involved in any field involving scientific research. The authors have published over twenty innovative meta-analyses from the turn of the century till now. This edition will review the current state of the art, and will use for that purpose the methodological aspects of the authors' own publications, in addition to other relevant methodological issues from the literature.Are there alternative works in the field? Yes, there are, particularly in the field of psychology. Psychologists have invented meta-analyses in 1970, and have continuously updated methodologies. Although very interesting, their work, just like the whole discipline of psychology, is rather explorative in nature, and so is their focus to meta-analysis. Then, there is the field of epidemiologists. Many of them are from the school of angry young men, who publish shocking news all the time, and JAMA and other publishers are happy to publish it. The reality is, of course, that things are usually not as bad as they seem. Finally, some textbooks, written by professional statisticians, tend to use software programs with miserable menu programs and requiring lots of syntax to be learnt. This is prohibitive to clinical and other health professionals."