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"Kemoterapi digunakan untuk terapi kanker kolorektal memiliki efek samping yang merugikan pasien. Obat herbal digunakan sebagai terapi komplementer karena memiliki nilai terapeutik dan toksisitas yang rendah, seperti kurkumin yang diekstrak dari umbi tanaman Curcuma longa L. Kurkumin memiliki mekanisme kerja yang terintegritas ke beberapa target sehingga digunakan analisis metabolomik untuk mempelajari mekanisme dan memantau respons pengobatan. Metabolomik sebagai metode analisis pengembangan obat dapat memberikan informasi fenotipik tentang sistem biologis melalui pemeriksaan perubahan metabolisme pada metabolomik tidak tertarget. Analisis PCA spektrum absorbansi FTIR menunjukkan kemiripan profil metabolit pada daerah panjang gelombang NC=O medium kultur sel HT-29 antara perlakuan dengan kurkumin dan perlakuan dengan cisplatin. Lima metabolome hasil anotasi data pengolahan MSDIAL yaitu 1-Bromo-2-Chloroetana, 2-Cyanoacetamida, Dimetilamina, Asam 2-Nitrobenzoat , dan Butana. Metabolome 2-Cyanoacetamida sebagai penanda respon sel HT-29 terhadap perlakuan dengan kurkumin berdasarkan uji t -test nilai p < 0,05. Akurasi pemisahan data PCA kultur sel HT-29 antara perlakuan kurkumin dan kontrol dengan Support vector machine nilai AUC > 0,92 dan CA > 0,80 untuk semua spektrum serapan (O-H, C-H dan N-C=O). Confusion matrix kelima metabolit anotasi MSDIAL bisa dibedakan pada kultur sel HT-29 perlakuan dengan kurkumin, tetapi kelima metabolit ini tidak bisa membedakan antara cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, dan kontrol sel.

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Chemotherapy used for colorectal cancer therapy has adverse effects in patients. Herbal medicine is used as a complementary therapy because it has a low therapeutic toxicity, as in curcumin. Curcumin has an integrity mechanism of action to several targets so metabolomics analysis is used to study the mechanisms and monitor treatment responses. Metabolomic as a method can provide phenotypic information about biological systems through the examination of metabolic changes in untargeted metabolomics. PCA of the FTIR absorbance spectrum showed similarities in metabolite profiles N-C=O wavelength region of the HT-29 cell culture medium between treatment with curcumin and treatment with cisplatin. The five metabolomes of the MSDIAL data annotations are 1-Bromo-2-Chloroethane, 2-Cyanoacetamide, Dimethylamine a, 2-Nitrobenzo acid, and Butane. Metabolome 2-Cyanoacetamide as a marker of HT-29 cell response with curcumin based on a ttest p-value< 0.05. Accuracy of PCA data separation of HT-29 cell cultures between treatment with curcumin and control with Support vector machine AUC values > 0.92 and CA > 0.80 for all absorption spectrums (O-H, C-H and N-C=O). Confussion matrix of MSDIAL five annotated metabolites could be distinguished in HT-29 cell cultures treated with curcumin, but these five metabolites could not distinguish between cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and kontrol cells."

"Latar Belakang: Resistensi insulin pada jaringan otot skelet, hepar, dan adiposit merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya DM tipe 2 serta berbagai penyakit metabolik lain. Resistensi insulin masih sulit diatasi menggunakan obat yang tersedia, sehingga pencarian obat sensitisasi insulin, terutama pada jaringan otot skelet menjadi urgensi dalam riset obat antidiabetes. Salah satu tanaman obat yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai obat sensitisasi insulin adalah brotowali.Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi target terapi utama dari brotowali sebagai agen sensitisasi insulin melalui pendekatan in silico, menguji aktivitasnya secara in vitro pada kultur sel otot skelet L6.C11, dan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktifnya menggunakan metode LC-MS/MS metabolomik.Metode: Pencarian target terapi utama resistensi insulin yang ditarget oleh brotowali dilakukan melalui analisis jejaring farmakologi yang diikuti dengan simulasi penambatan molekuler dan dinamika molekuler. Kultur sel otot skelet L6.C11 digunakan sebagai model sel resisten insulin pasca-induksi tinggi glukosa dan tinggi insulin. Hasil fraksinasi terhadap ekstrak metanol brotowali (n=33) diuji aktivitasnya terhadap peningkatan kadar glikogen dan inhibisi fosforilasi serin-312 pada IRS1(metode enzime-linked immunosorbent assay), serta peningkatan GLUT4 tertranslokasi (metode konfokal-imunositokimia). Metode LC-MS/MS metabolomik digunakan untuk menganalisis metabolit dari fraksi-fraksi uji. Analisis statistik komparatif melalui uji ANOVA satu arah dan analisi multivariat melalui PCA dan OPLS untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa penanda bioaktif.Hasil: Analisis jejaring farmakologi memprediksi adanya tiga jalur terapi dari resistensi insulin yang ditarget oleh senyawa kandungan brotowali (jalur persinyalan PI3K, TNF, dan MAPK). Fosforilasi serin-312 pada IRS1 ditentukan menjadi target terapi dalam pengujian in vitro didasarkan pada perannya yang besar pada patogenensis resistensi insulin (degree: 12). Hasil uji in vitro mengidentifikasi fraksi 3 sebagai fraksi dengan aktivitas tertinggi dari seluruh fraksi uji (2,55+0,12 ?g/mL; 45,68+3,20%; 64,07+1,78 AU) dalam aktivitas peningkatan glikogen, inhibisi pIRS1 ser-312, dan peningkatan translokasi GLUT4. LC-MS/MS metabolomik mampu mengidentifikasi senyawa penanda bioaktif batang brotowali berupa tinoskorsida D, higenamin, dan tinoskorsida A.Kesimpulan: Analisis komputasi jejaring farmakologi mampu memprediksi dengan baik target terapi dan senyawa aktif brotowali. Secara in vitro, senyawa kandungan batang brotowali mampu meningkatkan sensitisasi insulin dengan senyawa penanda bioaktif berupa tinoskorsida D, higenamin, dan tinoskorsida A.

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Background: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissue, liver and adipocytes is the main cause of type 2 DM and various other metabolic diseases. Insulin resistance is still difficult to overcome using available drugs, so the search for insulin sensitizing drugs, especially in skeletal muscle tissue, is an urgency in antidiabetic drug research. One of the medicinal plants that has the potential to be developed as an insulin sensitizing drug is brotowali.

Objectives: To identify potential therapeutic targets of brotowali as an insulin sensitizing agent through an in silico approach, to test its in vitro activity in L6.C11 skeletal muscle cell culture, and to identify its active compounds using the LC-MS/MS method.

Methods: The search for the potential therapeutic target of insulin resistance targeted by brotowali was carried out through network pharmacology analysis followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.

The fractionation of brotowali methanol extract (n=33) were tested for their activity on increasing glycogen levels and inhibition of serine-312 phosphorylation on IRS1 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method), as well as increasing translocated GLUT4 (confocal-immunocytochemical method). The LC-MS/MS metabolomics method was used to analyze the metabolites of the tested fractions. Comparative statistical analysis through one way ANOVA test and multivariate analysis through PCA and OPLS to identify bioactive marker compounds.

Results: Network pharmacology analysis predicted three therapeutic pathways of insulin resistance targeted by brotowali’s compounds (PI3K, TNF, and MAPK signaling pathways) with the PI3K pathway as the main pathway. Sequentially the signaling pathway regulate the glucose homeostasis, anti-inflammation, and cell proliferation. Phosphorylation of serine-312 in IRS1 was determined to be a therapeutic target in in vitro testing based on its major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (degree: 12). In vitro tests identified fraction 3 as the fraction with the highest activity of all tested fractions (2.55+0.12 µg/mL; 45.68+3.20%; 64.07+1.78 AU) in glycogen increasing activity , inhibition of pIRS1 ser-312, and increased GLUT4 translocation sequentially. The bioactive marker compounds of brotowali stems were identified as tinoscorside D, higenamin, and tinoscorside A.

Conclusion: Network pharmacology computation was successfully predict the therapeutic targets and active compounds of brotowali. At in vitro test, compounds contained in brotowali stems can increase insulin sensitization with bioactive markers were tinoscorsida D, higenamin, and tinoscorsida A."

"Keterbatasan glomerulus filtration rate (eGFR) dan urine albumin creatinine ratio (uACR) sebagai acuan menyebabkan keterlambatan diagnosis dan prognosis penyakit ginjal diabetes. Perkembangan diabetes mengarah pada kerusakan ginjal dicerminkan oleh penanda (biomarker) yang ditemukan dalam spesimen biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari metabolit potensial sebagai biomarker pada populasi Indonesia dengan membandingkan metabolit dalam urin pasien diabetes dengan risiko ginjal rendah (n=16) dan tinggi (n=16) menurut klasifikasi KDIGO2022. Analisis metabolomik dilakukan menggunakan liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (LC/MS-QTOF) dengan analisis statistik data menggunakan software Metaboanalyst5,0. Metabolit diidentifikasi menggunakan database Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Metlin, dan Pubchem. Diskriminasi antar 2 kelompok divisualisasikan dengan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Signifikansi metabolit antar 2 kelompok ditentukan dengan T-test (p<0,05), variable importance for projection (VIP>1), dan fold change (log2(FC)>1,2). Metabolit yang dipilih hanya metabolit endogen yang diketahui jalur metabolismenya. Dari berbagai parameter tersebut, metabolit yang potensial sebagai biomarker harus memenuhi nilai area under curve (AUC)>0,65. Berdasarkan karakteristik dasar dan klinis, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna karakteristik dasar (usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh, durasi menderita DMT2, frekuensi olahraga, kebiasaan merokok, penyakit lain, kepatuhan minum obat, regimen terapi metformin-glimepirid) dan pemeriksaan klinis (HbA1c, tekanan darah sistol, dan diastol) antara kedua kelompok (p>0,05). Ditemukan 23 metabolit yang memenuhi parameter VIP, p-value, dan fold change. Disimpulkan, tiga metabolit teratas dengan AUC>0,65 merupakan biomarker potensial yang membedakan kedua kelompok, yaitu indoksil glukuronida, N-asetilserotonin glukuronida, dan gliserofosfokolin. Indoksil glukuronida dan N-asetilserotonin glukuronida terlibat dalam metabolisme triptofan dan glukuronat, sedangkan gliserofosfokolin terlibat dalam jalur metabolisme gliserofosfolipid dan eter lipid.

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The limited utility of glomerulus filtration rate (eGFR) dan urine albumin creatinine ratio (uACR) as the gold standard lead to late diagnosing and prognosing of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes progression contributes to kidney damage and is reflected by biomarkers in patients' biological samples. This study aims to identify potential endogenous metabolite biomarkers for improved diagnosis and prognosis by comparing metabolites in the urine of diabetic patients with low (n=16) and high (n=16) kidney disease risk in the Indonesian population according to the KDIGO2022 classification. Metabolomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (LC/MS-QTOF) with Metaboanalyst5.0 software. Metabolites were identified using the Human Metabolome Database, Metlin, and PubChem. Discrimination between the two groups was visualized using principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial Least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Based on patients' characteristics, no significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, exercise frequency, smoking habits, comorbidities, medication adherence, metformin-glimepiride therapy regimen) and clinical characteristics (HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) between two groups (p>0.05). According to the findings of the T-test (p<0.05), fold change (log2(FC)>1.2), and variables important for the projection (VIP>1), there were 23 metabolites substantially different between the two groups. In conclusion, the top 3 metabolites with the area under curve (AUC) value>0.65 demonstrated potential biomarker differentiating among two groups; these are indoxyl glucuronide, N-acetylserotonin glucuronide, and glycerophosphocholine. Indoxyl glucuronide and N-acetylserotonin glucuronide involved in tryptophan metabolism and glucuronate interconversion. Glycerophsophocholine involved in glycerophospholipid and ether lipid metabolism."

"Research through a metabolomics approach is carried out withoutisolating a single active compound responsible for an activity. Empirically the root, stem, and leaf preparations of Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz have long been used in traditional medicine such as the treatment of diabetes, eczema, pulmonary tuberculosis, herpes, hepatitis, and hypertension. This dissertation aims to evaluate compounds that have antioxidant and antidiabetic activity through inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity of plant R. Nasutus metabolomics and molecular tethering based liquid chromatography very high performance mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (KCKST SM/SM). The stages of research carried out include: (1) Extraction of leaves, flowers, and bark using 70% ethanol with ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction method. (2) Fractionation of selected extracts using centrifugation partition chromatography (PPP). (3) Testing of antidiabetic activity through the mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of selected extracts and their PPP fractions in vitro. (4) Testing of antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) in vitro against extracts and PPP fractions whose alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity is very active and/or active. (5) Determination of metabolite profiles using KCKST SM/SM Q-Orbitrap on PPP fractions whose alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity is very active and/or active. (6) Chemometric analysis with multivariate data analysis using SIMCA software against metabolite area area data and bioactivity data. (7) Verification of compounds that contribute significantly as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase activity resulting from metabolomics by molecular tethering. This study obtained 10 active compounds in the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in the KPS fraction of R. nasutus, namely compounds (5) bis(2-ethylhexyl) amines, (6) choline, (7) leu gly, (8) N-methyltanolamine phosphate, (11) N-methyldioctylamine, (14) dodesiltrimethethlammonium, (15) austalida J, (17) DL-β-leucine, (22) cemilicoisoflavone B, and (26) licoflavone B. In addition, 6 compounds (compounds 5, 8, 11, 14, 15, and 22) contributed significantly as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as well as very strong antioxidants with the FRAP method and 3 compounds (compounds 5, 11, and 15) with the CRAPC method.

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In the metabolomics approach, research is done without isolating any active compounds that cause activity. Empirically, preparations of the roots, stems, and leaves of Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz have long been used in traditional medicine for such purposes as the treatment of diabetes, eczema, pulmonary tuberculosis, herpes, hepatitis, and hypertension. This dissertation aims to evaluate compounds with antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase activity of the plant R. nasutus using a metabolomics approach and molecular docking based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPL MS/MS). The stages of the research included: (1) extraction of leaves, flowers, and stem bark using 70% ethanol using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. (2) Fractionation of selected extracts using centrifugation partition chromatography (CPC). (3) In vitro testing of antidiabetic activity through the mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of selected extracts and their CPC fractions. (4) Testing the antioxidant activity with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) in vitro against extracts and CPC fractions with highly active, active, or slightly active alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. (5) Determination of metabolite profiles using KCKST SM/SM Q-Orbitrap on CPC fractions with highly active or slightly active alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. (6) Chemometric analysis in the form of multivariate data analysis using SIMCA software on metabolite area data and bioactivity data. (7) Verification of compounds that contribute significantly as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase activity in metabolomics by molecular docking.This study obtained 10 active compounds in alpha-glucosidase inhibition in the R. nasutus CPC fraction, namely compounds (5) bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine, (6) choline, (7) leugly, (8) N-methylethanolamine phosphate, (11) N-methyldioctylamine, (14) dodecyltrimethylammonium, (15) austalide J, (17) DL-β-Leucine, (22) semilicoisoflavone B, and (26) licoflavone B. In addition, it was also found that six compounds (compounds 5, 8, 11, 14, 15, and 22) significantly contributed as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as well as very strong antioxidants with the FRAP method and three compounds (compounds 5, 11, and 15) with the CUPRAC method."

"Kota Muntok, Kabupaten Bangka Barat merupakan salah satu pusat pertambangan timah di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Timbal (Pb) adalah salah satu logam berat yang terkandung dalam limbah pertambangan dan ditemukan sebagai logam berat yang paling dominan, dengan jumlah yang terus meningkat dan melebihi ambang batas di beberapa perairan Bangka Belitung. Mikroalga yang hidup pada lokasi pertambangan harus dapat beradaptasi dengan konsentrasi timbal yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas remediasi dan menganalisis profil metabolit isolat mikroalga yang diisolasi dari sekitar wilayah pertambangan timah Kota Muntok akibat berbagai konsentrasi timbal. Sampel dikumpulkan dari perairan tawar di sekitar wilayah pertambangan timah Kota Muntok. Isolat diisolasi dan dikultur menggunakan Bold Basal Medium (BBM). Konsentrasi pengujian timbal yaitu, 0, 10, 100, dan 200 ppm. Pengujian efektivitas remediasi timbal dihitung berdasarkan perbedaan konsentrasi timbal awal dan akhir pada medium uji menggunakan Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metabolit diidentifikasi menggunakan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC- MS). Data metabolit dianalisis menggunakan analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian efektivitas remediasi timbal menunjukkan isolat mikroalga mampu menyerap timbal mencapai 83%. Analisis profil metabolomik menunjukkan pemberian timbal berpengaruh terhadap komposisi seskuiterpenoid, lipid, dan karbohidrat.

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Muntok Subdistrict, West Bangka Regency, is one of tin mining center in Bangka Belitung Province. Lead was discovered to be the most common heavy metal in the water around tin mining sites, with concentrations increasing year after year and eventually exceeding the threshold. Microalgae found in tin mining sites should be able to adapt to high concentrations of lead. The objectives of this research were to measure remediation effectivity and analyses the metabolite profile of microalgae isolated from tin mining sites in Muntok Subdistrict due to various lead concentrations. Samples were collected from freshwater around tin mining sites in Muntok Subdistrict. The isolate was isolated and cultured using Bold Basal Medium (BBM). Lead test concentrations were 0, 10, 100, and 200 ppm. The remediation effectivity was measured by the difference in lead concentrations between the initial and final in growth medium counted using Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metabolites were identified using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The metabolites data were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The result showed microalgae isolate can remove 83% of lead, and the metabolomic profile revealed that different lead concentrations affected the composition of sesquiterpenoid, lipid, and carbohydrate content."

"Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kandungan metabolomik dan kandungan mineral besi (Fe) dan seng (Zn) pada beras pecah kulit dan biofortifikasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam uji kandungan Fe dan Zn adalah menggunakan Spektofometri Serapan Atom (SSA) dan LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry digunakan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolomik. Hasil uji Fe dan Zn ekstrak beras pecah kulit lokal (Mentik Susu & Pandan Wangi) dan beras sosoh biofortifikasi (Ciherang & Ir Nutri Zink) adalah kandungan Fe dan Zn pada beras lokal pecah kulit lebih tinggi dibandingkan beras sosoh biofortifikasi. Kandungan  Fe dan Zn tertinggi dimiliki oleh beras lokal pecah kulit Pandan Wangi, Fe (88,20 ppm) dan Zn (35,70 ppm) dan yang terendah adalah beras sosoh biofortifikasi Ir Nutri Zink, Fe (57,47 ppm) dan Zn (19,90 ppm). Kandungan senyawa metabolomik pada analisis model klasifikasi model PCA didapatkan keempat sampel tidak dapat berkelompok dengan baik dengan jumlah R2X= 0,89; Q2=0,2. Pada analisis PLS-DA didapatkan model prediksi SIMCA yang sesuai dengan nilai nilai R2Y=1 dan Q2= 0,89. Pada analisis metabolomik beras lokal pecah kulit (Mentik Susu & Pandan Wangi) dan beras sosoh biofortifikasi (Ciherang & Ir Nutri Zink) terdapat empat senyawa fingerprint yaitu, Oryzamutaic acid B, Oryzamutaic acid J, 4,5,6-Trihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1- one dan 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. Ekstrak metanol beras lokal pecah kulit Mentik Susu dan Pandan Wangi memiliki mutu yang lebih bagus dengan luasan peak yang lebih tinggi pada beberapa senyawa yang sama namun jumlah senyawa yang dimiliki lebih sedikit

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This research aims to analyze the metabolomic content and mineral content of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in brown rice and biofortified ice. The methods used to test Fe and Zn content are Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SSA) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) to determine metabolomic compounds. Fe and Zn test results of local broken rice extracts (Mentik Susu & Pandan Wangi) and biofortified steamed rice (Ciherang & Ir Nutri Zink) where the Fe and Zn content in local broken-hull rice is higher than in biofortified steamed rice. The highest Fe and Zn content is found in local broken-hulled rice Pandan Wangi, Fe (88.20 ppm) and Zn (35.70 ppm) and the lowest was Ir Nutri Zink biofortified rice, Fe (57.47 ppm) and Zn (19.90 ppm). The content of metabolomic compounds in the PCA classification model analysis showed that the four samples could not be grouped. good with the amount of R2 Pandan Wangi) and biofortified rice (Ciherang & Ir Nutri Zink) contain four fingerprint compounds, namely, Oryzamutaic acid B, Oryzamutaic acid J, 4,5,6-Trihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1- one and 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-5-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. The methanol extract of brown rice rice, Mentik Susu and Pandan Wangi, has better quality with a higher peak area for some of the same compounds but the number of compounds contained is smaller."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Mendapatkan satu embrio dengan potensi implantasi yang tertinggi merupakan hal penting dari teknologi fertilisasi invitro. Metode yang banyak digunakan selama ini untuk seleksi embrio adalah melalui penilaian morfologi. Namun morfologi embrio belum dapat menggambarkan potensi embrio dengan baik. Teknologi metabolomik merupakan metode yang memiliki potensi yang cukup baik karena memiliki beberapa kelebihan yaitu pengukuran yang cepat dan tidak bersifat invasif. Viabilitas hasil konsepsi dipengaruhi oleh proses biologis intrasel yang menghasilkan metabolom. Embrio dengan morfologi yang baik ternyata memiliki gambaran metabolomik yangberbeda. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan model prediksi dari pola metabolomik medium kultur embrio untuk memprediksi kemampuan pembentukan blastokista. Jika kita dapat memprediksi potensi keberhasilan pembentukan blastokista dengan cara yang nir invasif dan cepat, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan proses pemilihan embrio dengan potensi implantasi yang tinggi, tanpa memperpanjang masa kultur embrio hingga hari kelima.Tujuan: Mengembangkan metode nir invasive dalam memprediksi kemampuan embrio berkembang menjadi blastokista.Metode: Penelitian kohort terhadap data spektrum FTIR medium kultur embrio hari pertama dan hari ketiga dalam memprediksi keberhasilan pembentukan blastokista, dengan membuat model prediksi dari spektrum tersebut.Hasil: Didapatkan blastokista dengan kualitas baik sebanyak 16 dari 44 embrio yang diteliti. Didapatkan nilai AUC 0,752 pada model prediksi analisis FTIR medium kultur embrio hari pertama. dengan sensitifitas 0,727 dan akurasi 72,7%. Pada analisis spektrum hari ke 3 didapatkan model prediksi dengan AUC 0,674, dengan sensitifitas 0,614 dan akurasi 0,614.Kesimpulan: Pola metabolomik medium kultur embrio dapat membedakan antara embrio yang berhasil menjadi blastokista kualitas baik dan tidak menjadi blastokista kualitas baik. Perbedaan ini dapat dideteksi dengan menggunakan analisis dengan FTIR yang kemudian dibuat model prediksinya.

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ABSTRACTBackground: To get an embryo with the highest implantation potential is an important aspect of in vitro fertilization. The most widely used method for embryo selection is morphological assessment. However, embryo morphology has not been able to describe the potential of an embryo properly. Metabolomic technology is a method that has goodpotential because it has several advantages, namely rapid measurement and not invasive. Viability of the results of conception is influenced by intracellular biological processes that produce the metabolome. Embryos with good morphology have a different metabolomic profilling. From this research it is expected to produce a predictive model of the metabolomic profilling of embryo culture medium to predict the successful of good quality blastocyst formation. If we can predict the potential success of blastocyst formation in a non-invasive and fast way, it is hoped that it can improve the process of selecting embryos with high implantation potential, without extending embryo culture tothe fifth day.Objective: To develop a non-invasive method for predicting the ability of an embryo to develop into a good quality blastocyst.Method: A cohort study of FTIR spectrum data of first and third day embryo culture medium in predicting the success of good quality blastocyst formation, by making a prediction model of the spectrum.Results: There were good quality blastocysts from 16 of the 44 embryos studied. AUC value of 0.752 was obtained from the FTIR analysis model prediction for the first day of embryo culture medium. with a sensitivity of 0.727 and an accuracy of 72.7%. In the spectrum analysis of day 3was obtained predictive models with AUC of 0.674, with a sensitivity of 0.614 and an accuracy of 0.614.Conclusion: The metabolomic profilling of embryo culture medium can distinguish between an embryo that succeeds in becoming a good quality blastocyst and not a good quality blastocyst. This difference can be detected by using analysis with FTIR."

"Propolis merupakan suatu campuran resin alami yang dikumpulkan lebah dari berbagai tanaman yang dihinggapinya. Umumnya, propolis dihasilkan dalam jumlah yang banyak oleh lebah yang tidak bersengat dibandingkan lebah yang bersengat. Di Indonesia, diketahui bahwa daerah Kalimantan, terutama Kalimantan Selatan, merupakan daerah dengan variasi spesies lebah tidak bersengat tertinggi. Pada penelitian ini, dipilih tiga sampel propolis dari spesies lebah Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, dan Tetragonula laeviceps asal Kalimantan Selatan. Pemilihan spesies lebah ini dilakukan berdasarkan data persebaran lebah di Indonesia yang dimiliki oleh Asosiasi Perlebahan Indonesia (API). Variasi asal daerah lebah penghasil propolis dan spesies lebah dapat menyebabkan kandungan senyawa kimia pada propolis sangat beragam. Adanya keragaman kandungan senyawa kimia pada setiap propolis akan menyebabkan senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi yang terdeteksi juga berbeda. Oleh karena itu dilakukan identifikasi senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi melalui pendekatan metabolomik yang mengkombinasikan metode analisis kimia dengan analisis statistik. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit secara umum dilakukan menggunakan instrumen LCMS/MS dan kemudian dipilih sembilan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi. Identifikasi senyawa yang berperan signifikan dalam aktivitas antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan analisis statistik multivariat menggunakan data senyawa potensi bioaktif antiinflamasi dan nilai IC50 sampel propolis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah diperoleh senyawa 18-β-Glycyrrhetinic acid sebagai senyawa bioaktif antiinflamasi propolis Indonesia.

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Propolis is a natural resin mixture that bees collect from the various plants they inhabit. Generally, propolis is produced in greater quantities by stingless bees than stingless bees. In Indonesia, it is known that Kalimantan, especially South Kalimantan, is an area with the highest variety of stingless bee species. In this study, three propolis samples were selected from the bee species Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, and Tetragonula laeviceps from South Kalimantan. The selection of bee species is based on data on the distribution of bees in Indonesia owned by the Indonesian Beekeeping Association (API). Variations in the origin of the propolis-producing bees and bee species can cause the content of chemical compounds in propolis to vary widely. The diversity of chemical compounds in each propolis will cause the detected anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds to be different. Therefore, identification of anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds was carried out through a metabolomics approach that combined chemical analysis methods with statistical analysis. Identification of metabolites in general was carried out using the LCMS/MS instrument and then nine compounds were selected as potential anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. Identification of compounds that play a significant role in anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by multivariate statistical analysis using data on potential anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds and IC50 values of propolis samples. The results of this study were obtained by the compound 18-β-Glycyrrhetinic acid as an anti-inflammatory bioactive compound in Indonesian propolis."