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"Offering a comprehensive source of information on metallographic techniques and their application to the study of metals, ceramics, and polymers, this work is available once again from ASM. It contains an extensive collection of micro- and macrographs. This proven reference for metallographers, engineers, technicians has also been found useful by students studying physical metallurgy, metallography and materials science."

"A text considering the various aspects of the application of image analysis to materials science problems, most especially engineering problems. A guide for applying image analysis to evaluate microstructural features in a variety of materials. Inlcudes bright, detailed color photographs and illustrations, as well as a wealth of black and white images. DLC: Metallography."

"Provides a solid overview of the important metallurgical concepts related to microstructures of irons and steels, and it provides detailed guidelines for the proper metallographic techniques used to reveal, capture, and understand microstructures."

"Detailed discussions and over 250 graphs and charts describe the effects of microstructure on the properties of carburized stees. In-depth coverage clarifies the causes, interpretation, prevention, and consequences of various microstructural variations and defects in carburized parts. Also covered are the effects of post-hardening heat treatments, surface grinding, and shot peening. Contents: Internal Oxidation Decarburization Carbides Retained Austinite Grain size, Microsegregation, and Microcracking Core Properties and Case Depth Post Hardening Heat Treatments Post Carburizing Mechanical Treatments."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis dan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kerusakan pada baut pengikat motor traksi dari sebuah rangkaian kereta rel listrik (KRL). Jenis-jenis pengujian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji komposisi kimia, metalografi, fraktografi, dan uji sifat mekanis seperti uji tarik dan kekerasan. Hasit penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baut tersebut mengalami patah lelah (fatigue) akibat beban lentur bolak-balik (reverse bending) yang cukup besar. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa baut yang patah tersebut ternyata memenuhi persyaratan spesifikasi yang direncanakan, disamping pada baut tersebut tidak dijumpai adanya cacat yang berarti.

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The aim of this investigation was to determine the type and factors causing failure on fastening bolts of traction motor of an electric train. In this investigation various tests were carried out including chemical composition analysis, metallographic and fractographic examinations, and mechanical property tests such as tensile and hardness measurements. The results show that the bolts experienced fatigue failure due to an excessive loading of reverse bending. In addition, the results also show that the failed bolts met the intended specification, and no significant defects were found in the bolts."

"ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan dini pada core pin yang digunakan untuk membuat silinder blok. Core pin mengalami kegagalan sebelum memenuhi waktu pakai yang dihitung oleh para teknisi dan ada beberapa factor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut. Dari beberapa faktor yang bisa mempengaruhi waktu kegagalan tersebut, penulis akan menganalisa dan mencari tahu penyebab utama yang menyebabkan kegagalan pada core pin. Tes yang akan dilaksanakan meliputi pengamatan mikrostruktur, analisa komposisi kimia pada molten metal dan juga core pin itu sendiri apakah telah memenuhi standar yang telah ditentukan, dan juga uji kekerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dan menemukan penyebab kegagalan dini yang terjadi pada core pin. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa factor utama yang mempengaruhi kegagalan dini pada core pin adalah desain core pin yang tidak dalam bentuk yang optimal. Kata Kunci: Analisa kegagalan, core pin, molten metal, metallography, sifat mekanikal

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ABSTRACT

The purposes of this research are to study and analyse the factor that affecting the premature failure that happen in the core pin used to make a cylinder block. The core pin was failed before the time prediction from the engineer and there are several factor that affecting the failure. From the several factors that can affect the failure time, the author would like to analyse and find out the main factor which causing the failure. The test conduct including microstructure observation, chemical composition test of the molten metal that have contact with the core pin and also the core pin itself whether the composition is already match with the standard, and hardness test. This research aims to analyse and figure out the causes of the premature failure happen in the core pin. The research suggest that the main factors that contributed to the premature failure of the core pin is the design which is not in the optimum shape. Keyword: Failure Analysis, core pin, molten metal, metallography, mechanical properties

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"Baja memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan sektor manufaktur di Indonesia. Mempertimbangkan sifat baja, baja mungkin merupakan salah satu material terpenting di dunia. Baja memiliki kekuatan yang baik dengan struktur mikro dapat muncul sebagai austenit, ferit, sementit, perlit, bainit dan martensit tergantung pada konsentrasi karbon, perlakuan panas dan laju pendinginan. Struktur mikro bainitik menampilkan keseimbangan terbaik antara kekuatan dan keuletan, dan banyak aplikasi menggunakan bainit sebagai, misalnya, desain bodi mobil yang ringan. Pada penelitian ini sampel baja S45C yang digunakan termasuk dalam baja karbon sedang dengan formasi struktur bainit. Selanjutnya, baja S45C diperlakukan dengan variasi suhu dan durasi transformasi untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh yang akan menunjukkan perbedaan struktur mikro dan nilai kekerasan. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya hubungan antara suhu transformasi dan lama waktu penahanan terhadap hasil struktur mikro dan nilai kekerasan. Semakin rendah suhu saltbath dan semakin lama holding time menghasilkan bainit, bahkan martensit dalam jumlah besar, sesuai dengan nilai kekerasan yang semakin tinggi dan keras. Rata-rata dari tiga waktu penahanan yang berbeda (1H, 3H, dan 5H), hasil nilai kekerasan pada 200oC adalah 35,34 HRC, sedangkan pada 300oC adalah 27,43 HRC dan pada 400oC adalah 23,62 HRC.

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Steel portrays an imperative role in the development of manufacturing sector in Indonesia. Considering to steel properties, steel is possibly one of the most important material in the world. Steel is good strength with microstructure can be appeared as austenite, ferrite, cementite, pearlite, bainite and martensite depends on carbon concentration, heat treatment and cooling rate. Bainitic microstructures display the best balance of strength and ductility, and many applications are utilizing bainite as, for instance, lightweight design of car bodies. In this study, the sample used S45C steel is included in medium carbon steel with bainite structure formation. Furthermore, S45C steel is treated with a variation of transformation temperature and duration to identify the effect of which would exhibit the differences microstructure and hardness value. The study found a correlation between transformation temperature and holding time duration to microstructure result and hardness value. The lesser saltbath temperature and longer holding time generate large amounts of bainite, even martensite, correspond with hardness value to become higher and harder. In average of three different holding time (1H, 3H, and 5H), the result within hardness value at 200oC was 35.34 HRC, meanwhile at 300oC was 27.43 HRC and at 400oC was 23.62 HRC."

"This book summarizes the results of experimental work on the development of technologies for the manufacture of sour service line pipe steels. It presents the latest theories on the mechanisms of cracking and factors affecting fracture resistance in H2S-containing media of low-alloy pipe steels. The authors propose methods for improving the quality of continuously cast slabs and show the effect of the chemical composition on the microstructure and properties of rolled plates for pipes. Considerable attention is paid to the metallurgical aspects of microstructure formation and its mechanical properties, as well as the enhancement and cracking resistance of sour service sheets under thermomechanical rolling with accelerated cooling. In brief, the book presents a cutting-edge overview of sour service sheet and pipe production."