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Abstrak :
"Providing a clear theoretical understanding of MEMS and NEMS, Solid-State Physics, Fluidics, and Analytical Techniques in Micro- and Nanotechnology covers all aspects of solid state physics behind nanotechnology and science. After exploring the rise of Si, MEMS, and NEMS in a historical context, the text discusses crystallography, quantum mechanics, the band theory of solids, and the silicon single crystal. It concludes with coverage of photonics, the quantum hall effect, and superconductivity. The text offers end-of-chapter problems, worked examples throughout, extensive references, and PowerPoint slides for download, along with a solutions manual for qualifying instructors"-- "In Solid State Physics, Fluidics and Analytical Techniques in Micro- and Nanotechnology we lay the foundations for a qualitative and quantitative theoretical understanding of micro-and nano-electromechanical systems, i.e., MEMS and NEMS. In integrated circuits (ICs), MEMS and NEMS, silicon (Si) is still the substrate and construction material of choice"--

Abstrak :
Metode diagnosa penyakit untuk manusia yang tinggal di daerah kurang mampu selalu memiliki limitasi seperti transportasi, ketersediaan alat, sumber daya manusia, dll. Limitasi ini membuat waktu yang dibutuhkan setiap kali melakukan diagnosa penyakit-penyakit menular sangat lama. Dibutuhkan perubahan metode diagnosa yang lebih cepat, seperti lab-on-a-chip, dimana perbedaan waktu diagnosanya sangat signifikan. Salah satu bagian dari metode lab-on-a-chip adalah pompa, dimana fluida yang berupa plasma darah dan enzim nantinya akan dikirim dari satu titik ke titik lainnya untuk proses lainnya, seperti Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR. Pompa akan diuji dari kemampuannya untuk mengirim fluida ke titik akhir. Desain dibuat dengan dasar produk mini-PCR yang sudah ada, tetapi dibuat lebih simpel dan mudah difabrikasi. Rata-rata gaya tekanan 2 jari manusia 25.05 N untuk memompa fluida yang terkirim sebanyak 75.43 dari total fluida yang dimasukkan dengan volume 121.36 mikroliter. ......Infectious diseases diagnostic method for people who live in the rural areas has always been limited to factors such as transportation, human resources, equipment availability, etc. These kinds of limitation causing a long time needed to do a diagnostic test. A method change is needed to produce a faster result lab on a chip is one of the possibilities, where the time difference is extremely significant. One of the parts of lab on a chip is pump, where fluids such as blood plasma and enzymes will be displaced from one spot to another to be used for another process, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR . Pump will be tested by its ability to displace fluid to the end zone. Design wise, it would be similar to the existing mini PCR kit, with added simplicity and fabrication easiness. Averaging 25.05 N of force to displace fluid of 75.43 from its total volume 121.36 microliter.

Abstrak :
This book provides an insightful guide to the design, testing and optimization of micro-electrode-dot-array (MEDA) digital microfluidic biochips. The authors focus on the characteristics specific for MEDA biochips, e.g., real-time sensing and advanced microfluidic operations like lamination mixing and droplet shape morphing. Readers will be enabled to enhance the automated design and use of MEDA and to develop a set of solutions to facilitate the full exploitation of design complexities that are possible with standard CMOS fabrication techniques. The book provides the first set of design automation and test techniques for MEDA biochips. The methods described in this book have been validated using fabricated MEDA biochips in the laboratory. Readers will benefit from an in-depth look at the MEDA platform and how to combine microfluidics with software, e.g., applying biomolecular protocols to software-controlled and cyberphysical microfluidic biochips.

Abstrak :
Covering all aspects of transport phenomena on the nano- and micro-scale, Springer’s Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics includes over 750 entries in three alphabetically-arranged volumes including the most up-to-date research, insights, and applied techniques across all areas. Specifically, subjects covered in this comprehensive Springer Reference include electrical double-layers, optofluidics, DNC lab-on-a-chip, nanosensors, and more. Please note that this publication is available as print only OR online only OR print + online set. Save 75% of the online list price when purchasing the bundle.

Abstrak :
This text provides a comprehensive investigation of the role of disorder in the nonlinear optical propagation both in transparent media and lasers. Eventually, disorder promotes and enhances complex nonlinear dynamics opening new perspectives in applied research driven by the processes of localization of the electromagnetic field. The first experimental study of laser emission in granular media unveils how randomness magnifies and largely affect laser-matter interactions.

Abstrak :
Mikrofluidik merupakan ilmu yang mengacu pada bidang sains dan teknologi dengan salah satu bidangnya adalah biomedical untuk memanipulasi fluida dalam suatu jaringan di dalam channel yang dimensinya antara 5 - 500 µm. Tahapan proses yang dilakukan pada teknologi microfabrication yaitu desain, microstucturing dan back-end processes. Passive mixing adalah proses pencampuran fluida dimana fluida yang bergerak dan part pencampur diam tanpa ada pergerakan dan tekanan dari luar atau proses pencampurannya terjadi karena bentuk desain channel yang khusus untuk pencampuran tersebut. Desain passive mixing adalah suatu bentuk dari channel yang di inginkan. Microstucturing adalah metode teknologi yang digunakan untuk pembentukan mikrofluidik, sedangkan back-end processes merupakan proses untuk joining material yang telah dilakukan pembentukan channel. Dalam penelitian ini, proses desain channel menggunakan software autodesk inventor. Untuk proses microstucturing menggunakan laser CO2 daya rendah. Penggunaan laser CO2 sebagai alat pemotong untuk pembentukan mikrofluidik pada material acrylic menggunakan parameter yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil pemotongan, yaitu daya laser, kecepatan pemotongan dan ukuran jarak desain, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap hasil pemotongan tersebut yaitu ukuran hasil pemotongan dengan microscope digital microchannels serta dengan alat uji surface roughness. Tahapan terakhir dari microfabrication adalah back-end processes, proses joining dengan menggunakan metode thermal bonding untuk membuat mikrofluidik yang dibentuk dapat berfungsi dengan baik. Dari hasil penelitian pembentukan perangkat mikrofluidik dan percobaan pengaliran cairan pada channel yang merupakan bagian dari perangkat mikrofluidik telah berhasil dilakukan. ......Microfluidics is a science which refers to the field of science and technology is one of the biomedical fields to manipulate fluids in a channel network in the dimensions between 5-500 µm. Stages of the process are carried out in microfabrication technology which are designs, microstucturing and back-end processes. Passive mixing is the process of mixing of the fluid in which the fluid is moving and stationary parts mixer without any movement and pressure from the outside or the mixing process occurs due to the special form of channel design for the mixing. Design is a form of passive mixing of the desired channel. Microstucturing technology is a method used to mikrofluidics formation, while the back-end processes is the process for joining materials that have done channel formation. In this study, the process of channel design used Autodesk Inventor software. For microstucturing process used low-power CO2 laser. CO2 laser was used as a cutting tool for microfluidic fabrication on acrylic material the parameters that can affect the outcome are the cutting, the laser power, cutting speed and distance measures design. Then observations on the results of the cuts was perfomed by measuring the results of cutting the microchannels with digital microscope and surface roughness equipment. Final stage of the microfabrication was the back-end processes which are joining processes using thermal bonding method for making microfluidics to be function properly. The establishment of research and experiments on microfluidic flow of fluid in the channel which is part of the microfluidic has been successfully carried out.

Abstrak :
Penggunaan mikofluida dapat meningkatkan proses pembentukan droplet sekaligus mengurangi konsumsi energi. Dalam penelitian ini, sistem mikroreaktor dengan sambungan T ganda dan reaktor saluran pipa mikro sepanjang 830 mm dianalisis. Aliran itu terdiri dari stirena dan air. Konsentrasi air dalam emulsi dan laju aliran air dan stirena dievaluasi. Tetesan diamati pada rasio laju aliran stirena terhadap air mulai dari 1:5 hingga 1:50. Simulasi di persimpangan T ganda dilakukan dengan aliran laminar dan model Volume Of Fluids dipilih untuk interaksi fase. Percobaan dengan sembilan laju aliran stirena dan air dilakukan. Sistem optik sederhana digunakan untuk pengamatan in-line dari tetesan yang terbentuk di mikroreaktor. Untuk flow ratio 1:5, tidak terjadi pembentukan drop. Untuk laju lainnya, ukuran tetesan diamati berdiameter dari 8 hingga 41 μm. Tetesan bergerak sepanjang reaktor mempertahankan bentuk dan ukuran. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sistem reaksi mikro cocok untuk mengembangkan sistem yang membutuhkan stabilitas, seperti polimerisasi emulsi. Perbandingan antara model dan hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa ini cukup terwakili oleh model. ......The creation of droplets may be enhanced while using less energy by using microfluidics. The current study examined a microreactor system with a double T junction and an 830 mm-long circular microchannel reactor. Water and styrene made up the stream. Water and styrene flow rates as well as the volume percent of water in the emulsion were assessed. Styrene to water flow rate ratios between 1:5 and 1:50 produced droplets. The Volume Of Fluids model was utilized for the phase interactions during the simulations of the double T junction, which were conducted with laminar flow. Calculations were made for nine different styrene and water flow rates. Droplets created in the microreactor were seen in-line using a data-generated point and line. There were no drops formed at a flow ratio of 1:5. Droplets between 8 and 41 m were seen at the other rates. While moving through the reactor, the droplets kept their size and form. This proves that the micro reaction system is appropriate for creating stable systems, including emulsion polymerizations. The comparison of model and experimental data revealed that the model well captured these findings.

Abstrak :
Ada banyak metode yang telah dikembangkan untuk menghasilkan mikrokapsul untuk keperluan enkapsulasi sel punca. Namun, emulsi mikrofluida ditemukan memuaskan karena memungkinkan kita untuk menghasilkan tetesan berukuran rata yang dapat dikontrol secara efisien, di mana bahkan memungkinkan untuk melakukan enkapsulasi sel tunggal di setiap tetesan. Namun proses ini bukan tanpa masalah, terlihat bahwa kapsul mikro mudah larut dalam larutan buffer salin Ca2+/Mg2+. Masalah menunjukkan bahwa kapsul memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang buruk dan tidak stabil. Oleh karena itu, enkapsulasi ganda diperlukan, yang memungkinkan untuk menambahkan lapisan lain ke kapsul yang akan memungkinkan stabilitas lebih baik dan meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik. Di sini, studi awal enkapsulasi lapisan ganda dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi Lab-On-Chip dan minyak serta air sebagai bahan pengujian. Studi ini mengeksplorasi penggunaan Chip Polycarbonate (PC) dan Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) untuk enkapsulasi lapisan ganda. Simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) awalnya dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa laju aliran sesuai untuk pengujian chip dan kemudian chip diuji secara individual dan dikarakterisasi, di mana parameter yang sesuai untuk enkapsulasi lapisan ganda diperoleh dan digunakan untuk menghasilkan sistem enkapsulasi ganda. Hasilnya menunjukkan karakteristik generasi tetesan dari chip individu dan desain sistem dua chip yang sukses yang dapat menghasilkan enkapsulasi lapisan ganda dengan ukuran sekitar 1300 -1700μm. Studi banding juga mengkonfirmasi fenomena yang diamati. Tulisan ini dapat digunakan untuk riset lebih lanjut pada enkapsulasi dua lapis terkendali mengunakan Lab-on-Chip. ...... There had been many methods developed to generate microcapsules for stem cell encapsulation purposes. However, microfluidic emulsion is found to be satisfactory as it allows us to generate a controllable even sized droplets efficiently, where it is even possible to encapsulate single cell in each droplet. However, this process does not come without a problem, it was noticed that the micro capsules were easily dissolved in a saline buffer solution Ca2+/Mg2+. The issue shows that the capsules had poor mechanical strength and were unstable. Therefore, double encapsulation was introduced, which allows us to add another layer to the capsule with would allow more stability and increase mechanical strength. Here, an initial study of double layer encapsulation is conducted with Lab-On-Chip technology using oil and water as testing materials. This study explores the use of Polycarbonate (PC) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Chip for double layer encapsulation. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was initially conducted to ensure that flowrates were suitable for chip testing and then the chips are tested individually and characterized, where suitable parameters for double layer encapsulation were obtained and used to generate a double encapsulation system. The result shows the droplet generation characteristics of individual chips and a successful two chip system design that could generate double layer encapsulations with sizes of approximately 1300 -1700μm. Comparative studies also confirmed observed phenomenon. This paper can be used for further studies in controllable double-layer encapsulation using Lab-on-Chip.

Abstrak :
Multiphase flows are typically described assuming that the different phases are separated by a sharp interface, with appropriate boundary conditions. This approach breaks down whenever the lengthscale of the phenomenon that is being studied is comparable with the real interface thickness, as it happens, for example, in the coalescence and breakup of bubbles and drops, the wetting and dewetting of solid surfaces and, in general, im micro-devices. The diffuse interface model resolves these probems by assuming that all quantities can vary continuously, so that interfaces have a non-zero thickness. This book review the theory and describe some relevant applications of the diffuse interface model for one-component, two-phase fluids and for liquid binary mixtures, to model multiphase flows in confined geometries.

Abstrak :
This volume presents applications of the pi-theorem to fluid mechanics and heat and mass transfer. The pi-theorem yields a physical motivation behind many flow processes and therefore it constitutes a valuable tool for the intelligent planning of experiments in fluids. After a short introduction to the underlying differential, the author presents many novel approaches how to use the pi-theorem to understand fluid mechanical issues.