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"ABSTRACTAgriculture in Thailand is undergoing significant change. The present paper addresses this change from a social perspective, focusing on the role of household dynamics and expansion of the capitalist economy into rural areas. It draws upon data from different sources. Changes in household dynamics over the past decades have resulted in not only unprecedented below replacement fertility levels and small households on average but also labor and land constraints in most rural areas. In this environment, rural households are under pressure to modify their farming practices. Meanwhile, the expansion of the capitalist economy brought about by the Green Revolution and new socioeconomic policies since the early 1960s has Opened up new opportunities and choices for rural households to participate in market oriented production. It is the response of households to this environment that is leading to agricultural transformation in rural Thailand. Key aspects of agricultural change identified in this analysis include a shift from subsistence production to market oriented production; widespread agricultural mechanization and adoption of other new technologies; emergence of agribusiness and large scale commercial farming; and structural change in land use and landholding, resulting in land concentration. Changes in agriculture are likely to alter other aspects of rural life. It is, therefore, important to have a short term safety net as well as long term policy that will lead to a holistic agricultural reform. "

"Banyak studi telah dilakukan untuk menjelaskan proses demokratisasi yang dialami Indonesia pasca-Reformasi 1998, khususnya melalui penyelidikan mendalam terhadap pemilihan umum yang dilaksanakan setiap lima tahun sekali sejak 1999. Dari segi objek kajian, penelitian komunikasi politik terkait perilaku memilih berdasarkan kelas sosial masih relatif pinggiran dibandingkan beberapa objek kajian lain, seperti sistem kepartaian yang banyak ditulis dalam berbagai studi selama dekade pertama tahun 2000-an, maupun politik identitas dan gender yang menjadi sorotan pada dekade berikutnya. Dari segi kerangka teoretis, teori kelas sosial jarang digunakan, setelah selama lebih dari tiga dekade kekuasaan Orde Baru, teori ini relatif tidak berkembang dalam ilmu sosial di Indonesia. Disertasi ini mencoba mempertemukan pendekatan komunikasi politik dan kelas sosial dengan mempergunakan teori kelas sosial baru berdasarkan pendekatan strukturalisme genetik Pierre Bourdieu sebagai pisau analitis untuk menjelaskan perilaku memilih berbasis kelas sosial di Indonesia. Khususnya pemrosesan informasi oleh pemilih berbasis kelas sosial untuk memproduksi opini politik dan pilihan politik pada pemilihan umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden pada 17 April 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah convergent parallel mixed method—pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis kluster digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan kelas-kelas sosial di Indonesia, sementara pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para informan kunci digunakan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang habitus kelas dan modus produksi opini politik masing-masing kelas sosial dengan menggunakan the modes of production of opinion Bourdieu. Hasil analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan interpretative phenomenological analysis berhasil mengidentifikasi empat kelas sosial di Indonesia lengkap dengan habitus kelas masing-masing, yakni kelas elite, kelas menengah profesional, kelas menengah tradisional, dan kelas marhaen. Tiap-tiap kelas sosial memiliki jumlah dan komposisi kapital ekonomi, budaya, dan sosial yang berbeda, serta habitus kelas yang berbeda pula dan memiliki modus produksi opini politik yang juga menunjukkan perbedaan (distinction). Perbedaan modus produksi opini politik berhubungan langsung dengan perbedaan habitus kelas masing-masing kelas sosial. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa modus produksi opini politik dan pilihan politik tersebut terkondisikan secara sosial. Kelas elite dan kelas menengah profesional mengalami modus produksi opini dan pilihan politik berdasarkan etos kelas atau produksi orang-pertama, sementara kelas menengah tradisional dan kelas marhaen mengalami modus produksi opini dan pilihan politik berdasarkan production by proxy. Akibatnya, kelas menengah tradisional dan kelas marhaen rentan terhadap doxa, propaganda dan kekerasan simbolik.

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Much have been written about the democratization process experienced by Indonesia after the 1998 Reformation, especially through in-depth investigations into general elections, which have been held every five years since 1999. In terms of the object of study, studies on political communication related to voting behavior based on social class are relatively marginalized compared to other objects, such as the party system, which has been widely studied in the firstdecade of the 2000s, as well as politics of identity and gender, which became the spotlighted topic in the following decade. In terms of the theoretical framework, social class theory has been rarely used, and after more than three decades of New Order rule, this theory remains relatively underdeveloped in social sciences in Indonesia. This dissertation attempts to reconcile political communication and social class approaches, by using a new social class theory based on Pierre Bourdieu's genetic structuralism approach as an analytical tool to explain social class-based voting behavior in Indonesia, particularly the processing of information by social class-based voters in producing political opinions and political choices in the presidential and vice presidential elections of April 17, 2019. The method used is the convergent parallel mixed method - a quantitative approach using cluster analysis is used to identify and describe social classes in Indonesia, while a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with key informants is used to get an understanding of the class habitus and the mode of production of political opinion of each social class, using Bourdieu’s concept of mode of production of opinion. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis, using interpretative phenomenological analysis, have succeeded in identifying four social classes in Indonesia, complete with their respective class habitus, namely the elite class, the professional middle class, the traditional middle class, and the marhaen class. Each social class has a different number and composition of economic, cultural and social capital, as well as a different class habitus and distinctive mode of production of political opinion. The different modes of production of political opinion are directly related to differences in the class habitus of each social class. This research also shows that the mode of production of political opinion and political choice is socially conditioned. The elite and professional middle classes experience a mode of production of opinion and political choice based on a class ethos, or first-person production; while the traditional middle and marhaen classes experience a mode of production of opinion and political choice based on production by proxy. As a result, the traditional middle class and the marhaen class are vulnerable to doxa, propaganda and symbolic violence."