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"ABSTRAKThis investigation conducted to evaluate the relationships between the size of teeth and carabelli's cups from 120 students of the Faculty of Dentistry a average of age of 20 years. The data of the size teeth and the carabelli's cups of the first permanent upper molars were obtained from the upper arch printing. In addition, corresponding measure meats were also mode is the mesio-distal and bucco palatal teeth. The scores of the carabelli's cups were based on the Dalberg's classification. The results showed that the number of the teeth which had score I with grooves were high (48; 40%), then followed by score 0 (the average of mesio palatal cups) Which comprised of 44 teeth (20%), score 3 (there were depressions shaped as a small "Y" alphabet) were 19 teeth (15,83%), score 5 (there were small cups), score 6 (three were medium cups), score 2 (there were pits) and score 4 (there were depression shaped as big "Y" alphabet which each comprised of the 12 teeth (10%); 7 teeth (5,83%); 6 teeth (5%) and 4 teeth (3,33%). None of the teeth had carabelli's cup with score 7 (there were cups with big size). The results of the measurements on mesio-distal and bucco palatal teeth were variable. The smallest mesio-distal and bucco-palatal teeth were 0,20 mm and the largest were 12,80 mm. In size showed that there was a significant relationship between the teeth size and carabelli's cups which the size of carabelli's cups was always in line the teeth size."

"[ABSTRAKKavitas kelas I sering ditemui pada permukaan gigi molar karena mempunyai bentuk anatomi pit dan fisur yang dalam sehingga sering menyebabkan sisa makanan tertinggal yang nantinya dapat menyebabkan karies gigi. Bahan restorasi yang sesuai untuk penumpatan kavitas kelas I adalah resin komposit. Namun resin komposit memiliki kelemahan yaitu mengalami penyusutan polimerisasi yang menyebabkan kebocoran tepi. Kavitas kelas I juga memiliki c-factor terbesar dibandingkan kavitas lainnya yang dapat menyebabkan kebocoran, sehingga untuk mengatasinya dapat menggunakan liner SIKMR serta teknik Bulk-fill dan inkremental oblik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebocoran tepi restorasi resin komposit teknik Bulk-fill dengan liner dan teknik inkremental dengan liner. Sebanyak 70 sampel dipreparasi dibagian bukal dengan ukuran 3 mm x 3 mm, terdiri dari 10 sampel kelompok Bulk-fill, 30 sampel kelompok Bulk-fill dengan liner SIKMR dan 30 sampel kelompok inkremental oblik. dengan liner SIKMR direndam dalam air destilasi selama 24 jam. Kemudian dilakukan Thermocycling 250x, suhu 5-550C dilanjutkan dengan aplikasi cat kuku dan rendam dalam metilen biru selama 24 jam. Sampel dibelah dalam arah buko-palatal dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop stereo kemudian hasilnya diuji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna diantara semua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi p≤0,05. Inkremental oblik dengan liner menunjukkan tingkat kebocoran lebih rendah dibandingkan Bulk-fill dengan liner.

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ABSTRACTCavity class I often found on the surface of the molars because they have the anatomical shape of pits and fissures are deep that often cause food scraps left behind which can later lead to dental caries. Restorative material suitable for cavities penumpatan class I is the composite resin. However, a drawback of composite resin namely polymerization shrinkage which causes microleakage. Cavity class I also have a c-factor compared to most other cavity which can cause leaks, so to overcome SIKMR can use the liner as well as bulk-fill technique and incremental oblique. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of composite resin restorations Bulk-fill technique and oblique incremental techniques with liner. A total of 70 samples were prepared on the buccal with the size of 3 mm x 3 mm, consisting of 10 groups of Bulk-fill samples, 30 samples of Bulk-fill groups with liner SIKMR and oblique incremental groups of 30 samples. with liner SIKMR soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Then do the Thermocycling 250X, 5-550 C temperature followed by application of nail polish and soak in methylene blue for 24 h. Samples were cleaved in buko-palatal direction and made observations using a stereo microscope and the result was tested statistically using Chi-Square. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all groups with significant value p≤0,05. Incremental oblique with liner show a lower leakage rate than the Bulk-fill with liner., Abstract: Cavity class I often found on the surface of the molars because they have the anatomical shape of pits and fissures are deep that often cause food scraps left behind which can later lead to dental caries. Restorative material suitable for cavities penumpatan class I is the composite resin. However, a drawback of composite resin namely polymerization shrinkage which causes microleakage. Cavity class I also have a c-factor compared to most other cavity which can cause leaks, so to overcome SIKMR can use the liner as well as bulk-fill technique and incremental oblique. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of composite resin restorations Bulk-fill technique and oblique incremental techniques with liner. A total of 70 samples were prepared on the buccal with the size of 3 mm x 3 mm, consisting of 10 groups of Bulk-fill samples, 30 samples of Bulk-fill groups with liner SIKMR and oblique incremental groups of 30 samples. with liner SIKMR soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Then do the Thermocycling 250X, 5-550 C temperature followed by application of nail polish and soak in methylene blue for 24 h. Samples were cleaved in buko-palatal direction and made observations using a stereo microscope and the result was tested statistically using Chi-Square. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all groups with significant value p≤0,05. Incremental oblique with liner show a lower leakage rate than the Bulk-fill with liner.]"

"ABSTRAKImpacted mandibular molars often caused by locking of the adjacent teeth, lack of space and many other reasons. Surgical extraction used to be the first choice in treating the severely impacted molars. In this article, firstly a horizontally impacted mandibular first molar and a mandibular second molar were diagnosed radiographically. By surgical crown exposure, combined with elastic traction, the teeth can be pulled occlusally into proper position. However, a thorough observation to control the position of the impacted molars during traction is still necessary."

"Ukuran gigi merupakan informasi penting dalam bidang antropologi ragawi, forensik kedokteran gigi serta kedokteran gigi klinis. Ukuran mahkota gigi dapat diukur secara mesiodistal dan bukolingual. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi dan perbedaan ukuran mesiodistal dan bukolingual mahkota gigi molar satu sulung (dm1) dan molar dua sulung (dm2) rahang atas dan rahang bawah pada model studi anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik pada 60 anak laki-laki dan 70 anak perempuan dengan teknik sampling menggunakan rumus analitik numerik tidak berpasangan, dengan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada ukuran mesiodistal gigi dm1 rahang atas dan pada ukuran bukolingual gigi dm2 rahang atas (p<0,05). Didapatkan variasi ukuran mahkota dm1 dan dm2 laki-laki dan perempuan dalam bentuk tabel presentil. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna antara ukuran mesiodistal dan bukolingual gigi anak laki-laki dan perempuan kecuali pada mesiodistal gigi dm1 rahang atas dan bukolingual gigi dm2 rahang atas. Variasi ukuran mesiodistal dan bukolingual gigi dm1 dan dm2 anak laki-laki lebih besar dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel persentil yang dapat menjadi referensi ukuran mahkota.

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Dental size is important for physical anthropology, forensic dentistry and clinical dentistry. The size of the crown tooth can be measured in the dimension of mesiodistal and bucolingual. Aim: This study aims to determine the variation and difference of mesiodistal and bucolingual size of maxillary and mandibullary primary first molar and primary second molar of boys and girls’s study model. Method: The method of this study is descriptive analytic in 60 boys and 70 girls and above chosen with unpaired numerical analytic formula and analyzed using unpaired t-test. Results: The mesiodistal size of maxillary primary first molar and the buccolingual size of maxillary primary second molar was significantly different (p< 0.05). The variations of mesiodistal and buccolingual crown size of boys and girls organized by percentile table. Conclusions: There was no significant differences of mesiodistal and buccolingual crown size between boys and girls except the mesiodistal size of maxillary primary first molar and the buccolingual size of maxillary primary second molar. The mesiodistal and buccolingual variations of boys are greater than girls and organized by percentile table which can be use as a reference for dental crown size."

"Latar Belakang: Impaksi pada gigi M3 RB adalah impaksi gigi yang paling sering ditemui. Klasifikasi angulasi impaksi gigi M3 RB umumnya bergantung pada pemeriksaan visual (subjektif) terhadap radiograf panoramik menggunakan klasifikasi Winter. Metode subjektif rentan akan variabilitas dan bias pengamat, sehingga perlu adanya metode objektif untuk mengukur angulasi impaksi gigi M3 RB menggunakan alat ukur digital yang lebih akurat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menganalisa perbedaan hasil klasifikasi impaksi M3 RB pada pasien RSKGM FKG UI antara metode subjektif dan objektif. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi retrospektif analitik, yang menggunakan data rekam medis dan radiograf panoramik pasien RSKGM FKG UI. Data subjektif dikumpulkan dari catatan dokter gigi pada rekam medis, sedangkan pengukuran objektif dilakukan oleh 2 peneliti menggunakan alat ukur digital. Data dianalisis menggunakan tabel tabulasi silang dan analisis Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Terdapat 101 kasus impaksi gigi M3 RB dari 89 pasien yang berhasil dikumpulkan, impaksi mesioangular adalah jenis yang paling umum ditemukan baik dalam analisis subjektif (53,47%) maupun objektif (76,24%). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara metode subjektif dan objektif dalam mengidentifikasi impaksi horizontal, vertikal, dan distoangular. Pada analisis subjektif, jenis impaksi horizontal banyak dilaporkan (22,77% subjektif dan 2,97% objektif), sedangkan impaksi distoangular kurang dilaporkan (2,97% subjektif dan 19,80% objektif). Kesimpulan: Ditemukan perbedaan signifikan (p = 0,000–0,012) pada angulasi impaksi gigi M3 RB antara metode subjektif dan objektif, menunjukkan pentingnya penggunaan metode objektif untuk meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis.

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Background: Mandibular third molars are regarded as the teeth most affected by impaction. Their assessment typically relies on subjective visual inspection of panoramic radiographs using classification systems such as Winter’s classification. However, these methods are prone to variability and observer bias, emphasizing the need of objective methods which offer precise, reproducible measurements using digital tools. This study addresses the gap in data by comparing subjective and objective methods in classifying mandibular third molar impactions within RSKGM FKG UI population. Methods: An analytic retrospective study was conducted using secondary data from patient medical records and panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Subjective assessments were performed by practitioners, and objective measurements performed by 2 practitioners utilizing digital measurement tools. Data were analyzed using crosstabulation table and Mann-Whitney analysis. Results: The study included 101 cases from 89 patients. Mesioangular impactions were the most common type in both subjective (53.47%) and objective analyses (76.24%). Significant disparities were found between subjective and objective methods in identifying horizontal, vertical, and distoangular impactions. Horizontal impactions were overestimated (22.77% subjective dan 2.97% objective), while distoangular impactions were underreported (2.97% subjective dan 19.80% objective). Conclusion: Significant disparities were found between subjective and objective methods in most pairwise comparisons (p = 0.000 – 0.012), highlighting the importance of adopting objective digital measurement tools for precise diagnosis."