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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 12-16A case of chronic bullous type mucocutaneus disease involving oral mucosa was reported from a 56 years old man with never healed oral ulcers and wound on the perianal skin for three years. There were also red and black sports on the limb and back skin and a lesion on nail. Painful oral lesion consisted of mucous erosion, desquamative gingivitis, and sloughing area on palate and tongue. The patient is diabetic. The first perianal skin diagnosis was granulomatous candidiasis with differential diagnosis pemphigus vegetans and acuminatum condiloma. However, the histopathologic examination did not support those diagnosis. After several histopathologic examinations, the latest perianal skin diagnosis was lichen planus with differential diagnosis granulomatous vasculitis, bowenoid papulosis and pyoderma gangrenosum. Other skin diagnosis was erythema multiforme. Oral diagnosis was mucous membrane pemphigoid with differential diagnosis lichen planus, Behcet's syndrome and erythema multiforme oral histopathologic examination showed a sub-epithelial blister, which supported mucous membrane pemphigoid. A lip balm, prednisone 5 mg oral rinse and multivitamins were given but oral improvement started after blood sugar level controlled. Conclusion: lt is not yet known whether skin and oral mucous lesions are from the same disease or not."

"Background: Thin study aimed to investigate gastric mucosa mucous layer thickness in portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) compare to normal mucosa in functional dyspepsia and its correlation with several variables such as child class, severity of esophageal varices and gastropathy.

Materials and Methods: Biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum and corpus from both group of patients with PHG and functional dyspepsia. The specimen was given cryometric for frozen section. Tissue were sliced by sagital section II urn, placed in object glass, fixed and stained to evaluate mucous thickness and giemsa stained to observe Helicobacter pylori. Measurement of mucous thickness was done upward muscularis mucosa started from upper epithelial layer from faveale tip until outer mucous layer on 15 points which were marked randomly and calculate the mean value by micrometer (/jm).

Results: Mean value of antral mucous thickness in PHG was 13.30 ± 6.5 fim, while in the functional dyspepsia it was 25.59 ± 5.66 /an. Statistical analysis for both kinds of mucous thickness was p<0.001. Mean corpus mucous thickness in PHG was 10.6 ± 6.81 /jm, while mucous thickness in dyspepsia was 32.54 ± 6.51 fjm. Statistical analysis revealed p<0.001. This result showed significant difference of mucous thickness of antrum and corpus statistically between PHG and dyspepsia as control group.

Conclusion: The study had proven the presence of decreased gastric mucosa mucous layer thickness in corpus and antrum in PHG. Thus, therapeutic approach to increase mucous thickness must be considered in patients with PHG."

"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a rather common oral disease, mainly affecting adults, occurring more often in women than in men. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear. The diagnosis may be cumbersome, even in the presence of a biopsy. In addition, there are several lesions that may resemble lichen planus (lichenoid lesions) both clinicallyand histopathologically. Treatment of OLP can only be symptomatic and usually consists of topical application of corticosteroids. The disease is characterized by remissions and exacerbations and may persist in some patients lifelong. There is an ongoing debate in the literature as whether OLP is a potentially malignant disease. Because of this uncertainty, annual follow-up is advised."

"Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) can cause gastropathy and gastric mucosa, especially the mucous may play an important prevention role. This cross-sectional, single group study was conducted to evaluated the difference of mucous thickness in antrum or corpus mucosa and the correlation of gastric mucous thickness to gastropathy. Patients who received NSAID from the rheumatology clinic were studied. Healthy subjects of 14 - 65 years old who never received NSAID were included as normal controls. Piroxicam 20 mg daily was given to the patients for 7 days, then gastroscopy and gastric mucosa biopsy with frozen section were performed. Specimens were stained with haematoxyline eosin and thickness of the mucous layer was measured using ocular micrometer. Thirty-two out of 70 patients participated in the study. All cases had hyperemia on gastroscopy with erosions and ulcer in 32 and 9 cases, respectively. The mean thickness of mucosa in distal antrum, proximal antrum and corpus was 28.5 ± 9, 37.4 ± 13.1 and 43.3 ± 13.1 microns, respectively. There was significant relationship between gastric mucosa mucous thickness with gastroscopic findings. In conclusion, this study confirmed that thickness of gastric mucosa mucous has an important role in preventing NSAID gastropathy and dyspeptic complaints in this kind of patients does not suggest abnormalities of gastric mucosa."

"ABSTRACTAlthough basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin tumor, very rare cases of BCC arising from upper vermilion mucosa of lip have been reported previously. This tumor basically, originates from pillar structures and the involvement of the vermilion lip contrasts this concept so it is devoid of hair follicles and sweat glands. The exact pathogenesis of vermilion lip BCC is not clear but it has been postulated that the neoplasm originates from the pluripotential epithelial cells of the oral mucosa and epidermis. On the other hand, some authors consider their origin from ectopic sebaceous glands. Herein, we report a 34- year-old man with an asymptomatic ulcerated lesion on the upper left lip vermilion mucosa .The diagnosis of BCC was confirmed with histopathological examination after incisional biopsy of the mucosal neoplasm. After surgery of lip lesion, no recurrency was seen after 3 months follow-up the patient."

"Rinitis alergi merupakan penyakit yang umum dijumpai di masyarakat, insiden rinitis alergi menurut WHO - ARIA 2001 antara 1 - 18%, sedangkan insiden rinitis alergi di Jakarta cukup tinggi antara 10-20%. Rinitis alergi adalah kelainan hidung yang disebabkan oleh proses inflamasi mukosa hidung yang diperantarai oleh Ig E, dengan gejala khas berupa hidung tersumbat, rinore, hidung gatal dan bersin.Sumbatan hidung merupakan gejala yang umum dan penting serta merupakan keluhan yang sangat mengganggu pada pasien rinitis alergi dan sulit untuk mengevaluasinya. Sebenamya gejala sumbatan hidung ini dapat diukur secara obyektif dengan menggunakan rinomanometri.Efek vasodilatasi dan peningkatan permeabilitas pembuluh darah akibat proses inflamasi dan pembengkakan mukosa menyebabkan terjadinya sumbatan hidung pada pasien rinitis alergi. Skor sumbatan hidung merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menilai derajat sumbatan hidung. Untuk itu diperlukan pemeriksaan THT yang dapat digunakan untuk mendiagnosis dan mengevaluasi gejala sumbatan hidung. Salah satu pemeriksaan obyektif untuk mengukur nilai tahanan hidung adalah dengan pemeriksaan rinomanometri.Rinomanometri adalah suatu teknik mengukur tahanan jalan napas hidung, sebagai alat diagnostik adanya sumbatan hidung, mengevaluasi fungsi jalan napas, dan mengevaluasi efektifitas pengobatan.Di luar negeri telah banyak dilakukan penelitian tentang penilaian sumbatan hidung dan tahanan hidung dengan menggunakan rinomanometri. Penelitian pads pasien rinitis alergi dengan menggunakan rinomanometri dilakukan oleh Ciprandi (2406) dengan melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi nilai tahanan hidung sebelum dan sesudah pemberian dekongestan pada pasien rinitis alergi. Huang (2006)12 melakukan penelitian untuk menentukan secara obyektif dan subyektif perubahan nilai tahanan hidung dan kualitas hidup pada pasien rinitis alergi perenial setelah dilakukan turbinoplasti inferior. Gosepath (2005)13 melakukan penelitian tes provokasi hidung untuk mengevaluasi pasien rinitis alergi dan non alergi rinitis. Shusterman (2003)14 meneliti tentang efek klorin inhalasi yang rnenyebabkan sumbatan hidung pada pasien rinitis alergi tanpa pemecahan sel mastosit. Kohan (1998) yang membandingkan efektifitas dua macam kortikosteroid semprot hidung pada pengobatan sumbatan hidung penderita rinitis alergi. HasiI penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa rinomanometri anterior merupakan parameter objektif yang dipercaya berhubungan dengan perbaikan gejala sumbatan hidung yang dirasakan terhadap tahanan jalan napas. Meltzer (1998) meneliti tentang efektifitas pemberian kortikostemid topikal yang diukur dengan rinomanometri anterior. Ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai tahanan hidung dengan sumbatan hidung. AIat rinomanometri NR6 pertama kali digunakan di Indonesia untuk penelitian tahun 1995 oleh Trimartani yang dilakukan pada pasien orang normal untuk mendapatkan nilai tahanan hidung orang normal, yaitu sebesar 0,24 Pa/cm3/det dengan standar deviasi 0,09 Pa/cm3/det pada tekanan standar 75 Pa. Pasien dengan keluhan sumbatan hidung belum terbukti bahwa nilai tahanan hidung berhubungan dengan derajat sumbatan.Di Indonesia, penelitian pada pasien rinitis alergi dengan sumbatan hidung menggunakan rinomanometri belum pernah dilakukan, sehingga belum didapatkan gambaran nilai tahanan hidung pada pasien rinitis alergi, khususnya pasien rinitis alergi persisten sedang berat.Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran tentang nilai tahanan hidung pada pasien rinitis alergi persisten sedang berat."

"Topically applied products and medications can profoundly affect skin's barrier function and overall health. Bursting with suggestions to assist research and development, Innate Immune System of Skin and Oral Mucosa: Properties and Impact in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and Personal Care Products provides a comprehensive overview on the innate immune system and its relevance to pharmaceutics, cosmetic chemistry, and personal care products. The book allows pharmaceutical and medical professionals to assess accumulated knowledge and develop an understanding that will pave the way for next generation treatment avenues, preventative approaches, and drug development. Part I of this book presents an overview emphasizing mechanisms for control of bacteria at the skin surface. This includes historical and ethical aspects of skin cleaning products.Part II of the book includes chapters discussing antimicrobial peptides and lipids in innate immunity of skin and mucosa. Part III deals with cellular components of innate immunity and the link between innate and adaptive immunity. Part IV deals with stressors that can influence innate immunity. These include radiation and oxidative stress, cosmetic formulations, and aging. Finally, microbial challenges are discussed in Part V."

"ABSTRAKIonizing radiation (IR) presents a risk to human health via DNA damage even when administered at low doses, such as those used in panoramic radiography. Objectives: This study used the comet assay to assess DNA damage in buccal mucosa cells consequent to X ray radiation from panoramic radiography. Methods: Twenty participants were recruited from among patients who underwent panoramic examinations at Prof. Soedomo Dental Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, and divided into two groups of 10. Buccal mucosa cells were collected from all participants before exposure to IR and at 30 min or 24 h after exposure in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and subjected to a comet assay to assess DNA damage. Assay output images were analyzed using OpenComet software. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assessed by comparing the percentages of tail DNA in output images obtained before and after X ray exposure. Results: A statistically signifcant (p 0.014) increase in the percentage of tail DNA was observed at 30 min after exposure, but not at 24 h (p 0.29). Conclusion: Panoramic X ray radiation may induce DSBs in human buccal mucosal cells within 30 min after exposure. "

"Latar Belakang. Pentingnya peranan protektif keratinized mucosa (KM) yang adekuat (>2mm) di sekitar implan sebagai soft tissue seal dalam menjaga barrier terhadap penetrasi bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit peri-implant masih menjadi perdebatan karena adanya inkonsistensi hasil. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan lebar mukosa berkeratin di sekitar implan dengan brushing discomfort (BD) dan kesehatan jaringan peri-implan secara klinis dan radiografis. Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional ini mengevaluasi 17 pasien dengan 31 implan di klinik spesialis periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI. Sampel di bagi menjadi kelompok KM adekuat dan inadekuat. Pasien di periksa secara klinis dengan skor mPI, DI dan GI pada bagian bukal permukaan implan, radiografis periapkcal untuk mendapatkan data marginal bone level (MBL). BD di nilai menggunakan visual analogue scale (VAS). Hasil. Perbandingan antar dua kelompok dengan skala numerik di uji dengan independent t-test. Terdapat perbedaan skor mPI (0,01), DI (0,03) dan GI (0,05) di antara dua kelompok. Sedangkan untuk brushing discomfort (0,88) dan MBL (0,46) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan. Inadekuat KMberkaitan dengan peningkatan akumulasi plak, debris dan inflamasi mukosa di sekitar implan.

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Background. The importance of the protective role of adequate keratinized mucosa (KM) around an implant as a soft tissue seal in maintaining a barrier against bacterial penetration that can cause peri-implant disease is still being debated due to inconsistentresults. Aim. To determine the relationship between the width of the keratinized mucosa around the implant with brushing discomfort and peri-implant tissue clinically and radiographically. Method. This cross-sectional study evaluates 17 patients (31implants) at the periodontic specialist clinic, RSKGM FKG UI. The sample group was divided into adequate and inadequate KM groups. Patients were clinically examined using score mPI, DI and GI on the buccal site of the implant, and periapical radiographs were taken to evaluate marginal bone level (MBL). Brushing discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results. The comparison between the two groups with a numerical scale was tested using an independent t-test. There were significant differences in (0.01), DI (0.03), and GI (0.05) between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference for brushing discomfort (0.88) and MBL (0.46). Conclusion. Inadequate KM is associated with increased accumulation of plaque,debris, and mucosal inflammation around the implant."