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"Sampel Fe3O4/CuO/TiO2/NGP composites dengan varaisi weight percent NGP 5, 10,15 wt telah sukses disintesis dengan menggunkan metode co-pecipitation. Pengukuran X-ray Diffraction XRD , Energy Dispersive X-ray EDX , Fourier Tansform Infrared FTIR , Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM , Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA , nitrogen adsorptionspectroscopy, dan UV-Visible spectroscopy UV-Vis spectroscopy yang digunakan untuk melihat struktur, elemen penyusun, vibrasi molekul, sifat magnetic, stabilitas thermal, luas permukaan, dan nilai band gap dari sampel Fe3O4/CuO/TiO2/NGP composites. Aktivitas catalytic yang diujikan pada sampel yaitu photo-,sono-,sonophoto-catalytic yang dilakukan dengan mengamati degradasi warna methylene blue MB . Hasil dari aktivitas catalytic menunjukan seiring penambahan nanograhene platelets NGP pada sampel meningkatkan kemampuan catalytic composites. Composites dengan 10 wt NGP menunjukan aktivitas catalytic yang paling baik. Kemudian, Ag ditambahkan Fe3O4/CuO/TiO2/NGP composites disintesis dengan menggunakan metode co-precipitation. Fe3O4/CuO/TiO2/NGP/Ag composites dengan variasi weight percent Ag 5, 15, 25 wt dilakukan pengukuran X-ray Diffraction XRD , UV-Visible spectroscopy, dan Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA . Hasil aktivitas catalytic dari Fe3O4/CuO/TiO2/NGP/Ag composites didapatkan bahwa sampel dengan 25wt Ag memiliki kemampuan catalytic yang paling baik dalam mendegradasi methylene blue. Dari hasil aktivitas catalytic tersebut terlihat bahwa Ag dapat meningkatkan kemampuan catalytic sampel.

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Samples of Fe3O4 CuO TiO2 NGP composites were varied weight percent of NGP 5, 10, 15wt were successfully synthesized using co precipitation method. All prepared samples were characterized using X ray Diffraction XRD , Energy Dispersive X ray EDX , Fourier Tansform Infrared FTIR , Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM , Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA , nitrogen adsorption spectroscopy, dan UV Visible spectroscopy UV Vis spectroscopy to determine the structure, composisition element, molecules bonding, magnetic properties, thermal stability, surface area, dan band gap of the Fe3O4 CuO TiO2 NGP composites. Catalytic activities were tested to all of samples is photo , sono , sonophoto catalytic to degrade methylene blue MB . The results of catalytic activities showed that the addition of NGP on samples could enhance catalytic ability of samples. Sample with 10wt NGP showed the best catalytic activity than the other variation samples. Fe3O4 CuO TiO2 NGP Ag composites with variation weight percent of Ag 5, 15, 25wt composites were successfully synthesized using co precipitation method and were characterized using X ray Diffraction XRD , UV Visible spectroscopy, dan Thermogravimetric Analysis TGA . The results of cataylytic activities of Fe3O4 CuO TiO2 NGP Ag composites showed that the addition Ag could enhance catalytic ability sample. Sample with 25wt Ag have best catalytic ability than the other samples. "

"ABSTRAKNanoparticle SnO2 dan nanocomposites SnO2/NGP dengan variasi weight percent wt dari NGP 5wt , 10wt dan 15wt masing-masing disintesis menggunakan metode sol gel dan co-precipitation. Sifat degradasi termal, morfologi dan struktur dianalsis menggunakan spectroscopy TGA Thermogravimetric Analysis , XRD Xray Diffraction , TEM Transmission Electron Spectroscopy , FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared , serta EDX Energy Dispersive X-ray . Dari pengukuran EDX diketahui bahwa keberadaan dari atom C pada nanokomopsit SnO2/NGP mengonfirmasi adanya material NGP pada nanocomposites. Luas permukaan SnO2 nanoparticle meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan wt NGP pada nanocomposites. Pengujian aktivitas photo-, sono-, dan sonophoto- catalytic sampel nanoparticle dan nanocomposites dilakukan dengan mengamati degradasi warna methylene blue MB masing-masing dibawah pemaparan cahaya ultraviolet, ultrasonic, dan gabungan keduanya. Seiring dengan penambahan wt NGP aktivitas photo-, sono-, dan sonophoto- catalytic nanocomposites menjadi semakin meningkat. pH optimum larutan uji diperoleh pada pH 13, serta spesies yang paling berperan dalam aktivitas photo-, sono- dan sonophoto- catalytic adalah hole>OH radikal>elektron.

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ABSTRACTSnO2 nanoparticle and SnO2 NGP nanocomposites with various weight percent wt of NGP 5wt , 10wt and 15wt were successfully prepared by sol gel and co precipitation method, respectively. Thermal degradation properties, morphology and structural properties were characterized using TGA Thermogravimetric Analysis , XRD X ray Diffraction , TEM Transmission Electron Spectroscopy , FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared , and EDX Energy Dispersive X ray . From EDX results show that the addition of C atomic in SnO2 NGP nanocomposite could be confirm the existence of NGP content in nanocomposites. Surface area of SnO2 nanoparticle increase with the increasing of wt NGP in nanocomposites. Photo , sono and sonophoto catalytic examination of the nanoparticle and nanocomposites was carried out using aqueous solution of methylene blue MB under ultraviolet, ultrasonic and combination of both irradiation, respectively. The highest photo , sono and sonophoto catalytic occurred with sampel SnO2 NGP 10wt nanocomposite at alkaline condition. The main species which contributed in photo , sono and sonophoto catalytic activity were hole hydroxyl radical electron."

"Pada penelitian ini, dua jenis graphene graphene dan nanographene platelets NGP dipergunakan sebagai supporting adsorbent dan juga katalis untuk proses degradasi limbah pewarna. Material graphene dan NGP dipergunakan untuk men-support kemampuan adsorpsi dari material nanopartikel Fe3O4. Kemampuan adsorpsi dari nanopartikel Fe3O4 meningkat dengan penambahan material NGP dan graphene. Penambahan material graphene pada Fe3O4 menunjukan kemampuan adsorpsi yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan penambahan material NGP. Material NGP dan graphene juga dipergunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan fotokatalitik nanokomposit Fe3O4/ZnO/CuO FZC dibawah penyinaran cahaya ultraviolet UV dan cahaya tampak serta kemampuan sonophotocatalytic dibawah radiasi UV ultrasound US dan cahaya tampak US . Penambahan material graphene menghasilkan kemampuan adsorpsi dan aktivitas fotokatalitik dikarenakan memiliki luasan area yang lebih besar serta oxygen functional group dari material graphene. Penambahan material NGP dan graphene juga mampu menghambat laju rekombinasi elektron dan hole dikarenakan kemampuan graphene dan NGP untuk bertindak sebagai electron acceptor. Hal tersebut berdampak terhadap peningkatan kemampuan aktivitas katalitik dari sampel. Sifat fisis dari seluruh material dianalisis menggunakan X-ray diffractions XRD , energy dispersive X-ray EDX , transmission electron microscope TEM , UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infra-red FT-IR spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer ndash;Emmett ndash;Teller BET , differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis DTA/TGA , vibrating sample magnetometer VSM.

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In this study, two types of Carbon nanographene platelets NGP and graphene has been used as supporting adsorbent and catalyst for waste water removal. Both NGP and graphene were used to support the adsorption ability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorption ability of Fe3O4 was increase with the incorporation of NGP and graphene. The incorporation of graphene resulted in the higher adsorption ability of the samples. Moreover, NGP and graphene also used to support the photocatalytic performance under UV and visible light irradiation as well as sonophotocatalytic under UV ultrasound US and visible US of Fe3O4 ZnO CuO FZC nanocomposites. The incorporation of graphene has better adsorption and catalytic performance than the incorporation of NGP due to the higher specific surface area and also the oxygen functional group in graphene materials. The incorporation of NGP and graphene has an ability to prevent recombination electron and hole due to both NGP and graphene could act as electron acceptors. It impacts on the improvement the catalytic performance. The combination of The physical properties of the samples was investigated using X ray diffractions XRD , energy dispersive X ray EDX , transmission electron microscope TEM , UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infra red FT IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer ndash Emmett ndash Teller BET , differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis DTA TGA , vibrating sample magnetometer VSM."

"Nanopartikel Besi Oksida dan nanokomposit Besi Oksida/NGP (NanoGraphene platelets) sebagai material aditif telah disintesis menggunakan metode sol-gel. Komposit PCM (Phase change material) SA (Stearic acid)-Besi Oksida dan SA-Besi Oksida/NGP disintesis menggunakan metode sonifikasi dengan varisis wt.% yaitu 1 wt.%, 3 wt.% dan 5 wt.%. Sampel dikarakterisasi dengan X-Ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Differential Thermal Analysis-Thermogravimetric Analysis dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Nanokomposit memperlihatkan fase gabungan struktur kristal cubic spinel dengan bidang struktur NGP. Spektrum FTIR mengkomfirmasi pencampuran material aditif pada Stearic acid tidak merubah struktur ikatan kimia. Nanokomposit tercampur dispersi dengan baik di atas Stearic acid dan sisa jumlah presentase kehilangan berat dalam kurva Thermogravimetric sama dengan variasi wt.%. Hasil karakterisasi sifat termal komposit PCM memperlihatkan peningkatan kapasitas panas dan kalor latent. Peningkatan kalor latent maksimum pada SA-Besi Oksida/NGP sebesar 23% dan SA-Besi Oksida/NGP sama dengan 30% terjadi pada wt.% penambahan yang sama.

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Nanopartikel Iron oxide and nanocomposite Iron oxide/NanoGraphene platelets (NGP) as material additives have been synthesized using sol-gel method. Phase change material (PCM) composites SA(Stearic acid)-Iron oxide and SA-Iron oxide/NGP have been synthesized using sonication method with various wt.% respectively by 1 wt.%, 3 wt.% and 5 wt.%. Sample were characterized with various method such as X-Ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Differential Thermal Analysis-Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Nanocomposite show the mixture of cubic spinel crystal structures with plane of NGP structure. The FTIR spectra confirmed that mixing of material additivies with Stearic acid not showing changes in chemical structure. Nanocomposite well dispersed in surface of Stearic acid and weight loss of PCM composites in Thermogravimetric curve same as with wt.% addition.Thermal characterization of PCM composites shows that enhancement in heat capacity and latent heat. The enhancement of latent heat in SA-Iron oxide and SA-Iron oxide/NGP by about 23 % and 30% using the same 1 wt. % of material additives."

"Komposit Fe3O4/ZnO/NGP dengan variasi wt NGP 5 , 10 dan 15 telah disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan co-precipitation. Pengukuran X-Ray Diffraction XRD , Energy Dispersive X-Ray EDX , nitrogen adsorption spectroscopy, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM , Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR , dan Differential Thermal Analysis-Thermal Gravimetric Analysis DTA-TGA dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur, surface area, sifat magnet, vibrasi molekul dan analisis termal material. Pengujian aktivitas catalytic dilakukan dibawah paparan radiasi sinar ultraviolet, ultrasonik dan gabungan dari UV dan ultrasonik terhadap larutan limbah pewarna methylene blue. Komposit Fe3O4/ZnO/NGP 10wt menunjukkan degradasi maksimum pada aktivitas catalytic dengan dosis 0.2 g/L. Pada aktivitas catalytic, pengaruh penambahan scavenger menunjukkan bahwa hole merupakan spesies aktif utama yang berperan penting dalam aktivitas catalytic. Proses reusability membuktikan bahwa komposit Fe3O4/ZnO/NGP 10wt merupakan material yang baik yang dapat digunakan kembali pada aktivitas catalytic.

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Fe3O4 ZnO NGP composites with variations of wt NGP 5 , 10 and 15 were synthesized using sol gel and coprecipitation methods. Measurement of X Ray Diffraction XRD , Energy Dispersive X Ray EDX , nitrogen adsorption spectroscopy, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM , Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR , and Differential Thermal Analysis Thermal Gravimetric Analysis DTA TGA to identify structures, surface area, magnetic properties, molecular vibrations and thermal analysis of materials. The catalytic activity test is performed under exposure of ultraviolet, ultrasonic and combination of ultrasonic and UV irradiation to methylene blue dye solution. The Fe3O4 ZnO NGP 10wt composite showed maximum degradation in catalytic activity at a dose of 0.2 g L. In catalytic activity, the effect of scavenger addition indicates that holes are the main active species that play an important role in catalytic activity. The reusability process proves that the Fe3O4 ZnO NGP 10wt composite is a good material which can be reused in catalytic activity."