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"ABSTRAK Tesis ini membahas industri manufaktur alat utama sistem pertahanan dan keamanan di negara-negara Visegrad sebagai bentuk aktualisasi diri terhadap identitas nasional mereka. Negara-negara Visegrad merupakan entitas Eropa Tengah yang terdiri dari Polandia, Hungaria, Republik Czeska dan Slovakia. Negara-negara Visegrad merupakan mantan sekutu Uni Soviet dan anggota Pakta Warsawa. Saat ini mereka adalah bagian dari Uni Eropa dan aliansi pertahanan NATO. Tesis ini menganalisis industri manufaktur alat utama sistem pertahanan dan keamanan yang ada di negara-negara Visegrad dengan sudut pandang budaya. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis isu ini adalah teori identitas nasional dan teori sistem dunia. Teori identitas nasional digunakan untuk menemukan alasan negara-negara Visegrad mengupayakan identitas mereka sebagai negara industri manufaktur alutsista dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menentukan bahwa mereka adalah negara yang berkualitas dan memiliki pola perilaku yang tinggi. Teori sistem dunia digunakan untuk menganalisis alasan industri pertahanan memiliki peran penting secara kultural dan ideologis bagi negara-negara Visegrad untuk mendapatkan identitas sebagai negara core dalam world sistem, dalam hal ini adalah struktur yang ada di Uni Eropa dan NATO. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian mix-method yang menggabungkan data statistik dengan analisis kualitatif. Temuan dalam tesis ini menyatakan bahwa negara-negara Visegrad merupakan negara core yang secara kultural mereka mempertahankan tingkat pendidikan, tingkat teknologi dan ekonomi yang stabil dalam mempertahankan dan mengembangkan industri alutsista mereka.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses the defense and security manufacturing industry in Visegrad countries as a form of self-actualization towards their national identity. The Visegrad countries are Central European entities consisting of Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Visegrad countries are former allies of the Soviet Union and the ex-members of the Warsaw Pact. Currently they are part of the European Union and the NATO alliance. This thesis analyzes the defense and security manufacturing industries in the Visegrad countries by a cultural perspective. The theory used to analyze this issue is national identity theory and world system theory. National identity theory was used to find out why the Visegrad countries sought their identity as an armaments manufacturing industry and explained the factors that determined that they were a country of high quality of a nation and their behavior patterns. World system theory is used to analyze the reasons of the defense industry has a culturally and ideologically important role for Visegrad countries to obtain identity as a core country in the world system, in this case the existing structure in the European Union and NATO. This study uses a mix-method research methodology that combines statistical data and qualitative analysis. The findings in this thesis state that Visegrad countries are the core countries which culturally maintain a stable level of education, technology and economics for maintaining and developing their defense equipment industry.

 

Keywords: Defence Industry, Manufacturing, Visegrad Countries, National Identity.

 

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"Salah satu permasalahan yang tengah dihadapi negara ini adalah memudarnya semangat nasionalisme dikalangan anak muda. Hal ini ditandai dengan kurang menghayatinya anak muda terhadap simbol-simbol kebangsaan seperti lagu kebangsaan, upacara nasional, dan menganggap budaya luar negeri lebih menarik. Berdasarkan studi-studi sebelumnya bahwa memudarnya rasa nasionalisme anak muda disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal dan faktor internal. Faktor eksternal yang dimaksud adalah arus globalisasi, paham liberal, dan maraknya produk luar negeri. Sedangkan faktor internalnya adalah desentralisasi sistem pemerintahan, keluarga yang tidak mengajarkan nasionalisme, dan sentiment primordial atau etnis. Peneliti berargumen bahwa memudarnya rasa nasionalisme anak muda disebabkan oleh adanya pergeseran makna nasionalisme pada pemuda sekarang dimana mereka tidak lagi mengandalkan sloganistik/simbolistik tetapi lebih ke tindakan substantif. Melalui wawancara mendalam serta studi dokumen dan visual, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa memudarnya rasa nasionalisme dikarenakan pergeseran makna dari makna nasionalisme sebelumnya. Melalui konstruksi sosial yang diberikan oleh institusi pendidikan, media masaa, dan pemikiran mahasiswa itu sendiri munculah interpretasi makna sehingga menghasilkan tindakan rasional. Tindakan rasional ini dibagi menjadi dua tipe yaitu Tindakan Rasional Nilai dan Tindakan Rasional Instrumental pada arena kegiatan organisasi, volunteer, dan komunitas sebagai pemahamannya terhadap makna nasionalisme di era sekarang. Sehingga membentuk identitas nasional baru melalui nilai-nilai yang anut berdasarkan historis sejarah, pemikiran anak muda yang kritis, dan kegiatan mahasiswa yang bersifat nasionalis, sukarelawan, atau base on profit.

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One of the problems facing this country is the waning spirit of nationalism among young people. This is marked by the lack of respect for young people against national symbols such as national anthems, national ceremonies, and consider foreign culture more interesting. Based on previous studies that the waning sense of nationalism of young people is caused by external factors and internal factors. The external factors in question are the current of globalization, liberalism, and the rise of foreign products. Whereas internal factors are decentralized government systems, families that dont teach nationalism, and primordial or ethnic sentiments. Researchers argue that the waning sense of nationalism of young people is caused by a shift in the meaning of nationalism in today's youth where they no longer rely on sloganistic / symbolistic but rather on substantive actions. Through in-depth interviews and document and visual studies, the researcher concluded that the fading sense of nationalism was due to a shift in meaning from the meaning of previous nationalism. Through social construction given by educational institutions, mass media, and students thinking it self, interpretations of meaning emerge to produce rational actions. These rational actions are divided into two types namely Rational Value Actions and Instrumental Rational Actions in the arena of organizational, volunteer and community activities as their understanding of the meaning of nationalism in the current era. Thus forming a new national identity through profound values based on historical history, critical thinking of young people, and student activities that are nationalist, volunteering, or base on profit."

"In line with the actual issue of globalization and other foreign cultural elements entering our country, an effort is required to strengthen our self identity and national defence. A solid national identity and a national with a high sustenance candynamically overcome threts, barriers, and challenges which endanger the existence and unity of this country. Foreign culture have been intruding our country and obsessing people in all aspects of life; consequently, our local culture is belittled and marginalized. The local culture values are related to ethics, esthetics, morality, religion, society and personal viewpoint which actually have to be maintained. Considering the above mentioned problems, the writer finds it necessary to make a research on the conservation of local culture values in order to strengthen our self-identity and national existence. Literature is considered a relevant means to conserve the local culture values. Literature can be used to develop, utilize, and disseminate local culture values; to express and record local culture values, to enhance, maintain, and socialize local culture values; and to grow the sense of appreciation and pride in this nation. As a result, the sustenance and existence of this nation can be strengthened. With this research, it is expected that men of literature will be encouraged to produce literature conceived with messages and loads of local culture values. Who else can do this, except us?"

"Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh rusifikasi terhadap modernisme dalam Ballets Russes «Русские сезоны » (Russkie sezony) oleh Sergej Diaghilev dengan menerapkan teori identitas nasional dan modernitas serta metode deskriptifanalitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsep rusifikasi dapat membentuk karakter dan identitas bangsa Rusia dengan mempertahankan kebudayaan Rusia yang telah ada melalui kreasi pertunjukan balet yang didukung desain, musik dan koreografi. Diaghilev melakukan suatu gabungan tradisi budaya Rusia dengan budaya Barat sebagai bentuk nyata modernisme.

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This thesis explains the influence of russification concerning modernism in Ballets Russes «Русские сезоны » (Russkie sezony) by Sergej Diaghilev (1909-1929), using the theory of national identity and also descriptive analysis as the method. The outcome of research proves that the policy of russification will build a character and an identity of Russian nation that is maintaining the existence of Russian culture within ballet performance including design, music and choreography. Diaghilev had been done the collaboration between cultural traditions of Russia with Western Culture as the real action of modernism."