Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The New Economic Policy has transformed Malaysia since 1971. Pro-Bumiputera affirmative action has been intensively pursued and continuously faced pushback. This paper revisits three key junctures in the NEP’s fifty-year history that heightened policy debates—and the ensuing persistent polarization and stalemate in policy discourses. First, at its inception in the early 1970s, despite substantial clarity in its two-pronged poverty alleviation and social restructuring structure, the NEP was marred by gaps and omissions, notably its ambiguity on policy mechanisms and long-term implications, and inordinate emphasis on Bumiputera equity ownership. Broader discourses have imbibed these elements, and they tend to be more selective than systematic in policy critique. Second, during the late 1980s, rousing deliberations on the successor to the NEP settled on a growth-oriented strategy that basically retained the NEP framework and extended ethnicity-driven compromises. Third, since 2010, notions of reform and alternatives to the NEP’s affirmative action program have been propagated, which despite bold proclamations again amount to partial and selective—not comprehensive—change. Affirmative action presently drifts along, with minor modifications and incoherent reform rhetoric stemming from conflation of the NEP’s two prongs. Breaking out of the prevailing polarization and impasse requires a systematic and constructive rethink."

"Penelitian yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini ditujukan untuk menjelaskan alasan dan penilaian Mahathir Mohamad memilih untuk menerapkan kembali kebijakan new economic policy dalam upaya mengatasi dampak krisis finansial Asia tahun 1997, dan menolak secara tegas paket bantuan yang ditawarkan oleh International Monetary Fund dan Bank Dunia. Alasan Mahathir Mohamad dapat dijelaskan secara rasional melalui penilaian-penilaian terhadap konsekuensi yang akan didatangkan dari kebijakan alternatif yang akan diterapkan. Pilihan tersebut memberikan dampak pada pembangunan ekonomi dan politik di Malaysia.Dengan menggunakan teori pilihan rasional karya Raymond Boudon, dan konsep experience & decision Value milik Kahneman dan Tversky, tulisan ini berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pilihan rasional dalam pengambilan kebijakan publik yang berkembang di Malaysia. Hal ini diindikasikan melalui kebijakan yang diambil oleh pemerintah Malaysia didasarkan pada kebijakan-kebijakan ekonomi politik yang dijalankan sebelumnya, yakni New Economic Policy (1970-1990) dan National Development Policy (1991-1996). Selain itu, Mahathir juga menilai konsekuensi yang akan terjadi, apabila Malaysia menerima paket bantuan IMF, maka akan terjadi liberalisasi pasar dan intervensi asing serta merusak tatanan ekonomi dan politik Malaysia yang telah dibangun selama ini.

---

The research discussed in this article is intended to explain the reason and judgment Mahathir Mohamad chose to reimplement new economic policy in an effort to overcome the impact of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, and explicitly reject the aid package offered by International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Mahathir Mohamad reason can be explained in a rational way through assessments of the consequences that will come from alternative policies that will be applied. The options have an impact on economic and political development in Malaysia.Using the theory of rational choice by Raymond Boudon, and the concept of experience value and decision value by Value Kahneman and Tversky, this paper seeks to identify the characteristics of rational choice in developing public policy in Malaysia. This is indicated by measures taken by the Malaysian government is based on political economic policies that run before, the new economic policy (1970-1990) and national development policy (1991-1996). Moreover, Mahathir also assess the consequences will be if Malaysia receive IMF aid package, there will be liberalization of markets, foreign intervention and undermine economic & political order Malaysia that have built over the years."

"Skripsi ini membahas respons Democratic Action Party (DAP) dan Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) yang merupakan parpol dengan basis konstituen etnis Tionghoa di Malaysia terhadap kebijakan New Economic Policy (NEP). Kebijakan perekonomian ini bersifat affirmative action (tindakan afirmasi) bagi etnis Melayu, namun diskriminatif terhadap etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain eksplanatif, data-data diperoleh dari studi pustaka. Terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan respons kedua parpol yaitu: Pertama, perbedaan kelas sosial pada etnis Tionghoa yang merupakan konstituen kedua parpol; Kedua, perbedaan posisi kedua parpol di Parlemen Malaysia; Ketiga, perbedaan kepentingan politik.

---

This study discuss the response of DAP (Democratic Action Party) and MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association), a Chinese ethnic constituent base political party in Malaysia towards the New Economic Policy (NEP). The economic policy provide an affirmative action for the Malay ethnic, but discriminative to the Chinese ethnic. This research uses qualitative methods with an explanative design, the data obtained from literature study. There is three factors which affects the different responses between the two political parties: First, social class differences in the Chinese ethnic constituents of both political parties; Second, the positions of both political parties in Malaysia Parliament; Third, different political interests."