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"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian nutrisi enteral tinggi protein pada status protein penderita stroke akutTempat : Ruang rawat IRNA B, bagian Neurologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.Metodologi : Penelitian adalah suatu uji klinik paralel yang telah disetujui oleh panitia tetap penilai etik penelitian Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Sebanyak 36 subyek penelitian stroke hemoragik dan iskemik akut yang memenuhi kriteria dibagi dalam dua kelompok secara randomisasi blok. Sebanyak 18 orang kelompok perlakuan mendapat nutrisi enteral tinggi protein (NETP), sedangkan 18 orang kelompok kontrol mendapat makanan cair racikan rumah sakit. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badar dilakukan pada hari 1. Pemeriksaan albumin dan prealbumin serum dilakukan pada hari ke 1 dan Pemeriksaan NUU dan kreatinin urin dari urin tampung 24 jam pada hari 1, dan 7. Imbang nitrogen diperoleh dengan menghitung asupan nitrogen dan NUU 24 jam Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t untuk data yang berdistribusi normal, dan uji Mann Whitney untuk data yang berdistribusi tidak normal. Batas kemaknaan yang digunakan sebesar 5%.Hasil : Pada kelompok perlakuan didapatkan sedikit peningkatan ni1ai prealbumin yang belum bermakna, yaitu 0,161 (0,104-0,303) menjadi 0,163 (0,043 0,276) g/L, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan penurunan yang bermakna yaitu 0,181 (0,093-0,267) menjadi 0,138 (0,066-0,280). Didapatkan penurunan nilai albumin pada kedua kelompok. Penurunan nilai albumin pada kelompok perlakuan lebih sedikit dibandingkan kontrol, masing-masing yaitu - 0,35 dan - 0,60 g/dL.Pemberia NETP dapat menurunkan ekskresi kreatinin urin secara bermakna, yaitu dari 1019 (300-1530) menjadi 791,50 (246-1524) mg/24 jam), tetapi belum memperbaiki NUU dari imbang nitrogenKesimpulan : Pemberian NETP pada pasien stroke akut cenderung dapat meningkatkan status protein, walaupun belum dapat dibuktikan secara statistik.

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Effects High Protein Enteral Nutrition on Protein Status in Acute Stroke PatientsObjective To investigate the effects of high protein enteral nutrition on protein status in acute stroke.

Location: IRNA B, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta

Subjects and Methods : The study was a parallel clinical trial, which was alread} certified by the Ethical Clearance Research Committee of Faculty of Medicine Universit of Indonesia. Thirty six subjects with acute hemorhagic and ischemic stroke wen selected using certain criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups using blocs randomization. Eighteen subjects in treatment group received high protein entera nutrition (HPEN), and the control group received enteral hospital diet. Body weight an( height were assessed on the la day of admission. Albumin and prealbumin were assessed on day 1 and 7. Urinary urea nitrogen (UUN) and urinary creatinine were assessed on da: 1, 4, and 7 using 24-hour urine collection. Nitrogen balance was calculated b: substracting nitrogen intake with urinary urea nitrogen. Statistical analysis was performe+ using t-test for normal distributed and Mann Whitney test for not normal distributed data The level of significance was 5%.

Results : In the treatment group, there was a slingtly increased in prealbumin level, bi: not yet significantly : 0,161 (0,104-0,303) to 0,163 (0,043-0,276) g,/L, while in the contra group markedly decreased : 0,181 0,093-0,267) to 0,138 (0,066-0,280) gIL, The albumi level decreased in both groups. Albumin level in the trreatment group decreased less tha the control group, respectively - 0,35 (-1,20-0,60) and - 0,60 (-1,40-0,00). The HPE] decreased urinary creatinine excretion significantly : 1019 (307-15310) to 791,50 (24( 1524), however UUN and nitrogen balance did not show any improvement

Conclusion : HPEN tend to be able to increase the protein status although has ni statistically been proven yet."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian nutrisi enteral tinggi protein pada status protein penderita stroke akut. Subjek penelitian dibagi 2 kelompok secara randomisasi blok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan mendapat nutrisi enteral tinggi protein (NETP) dan kelompok kontrol mendapat nutrisi enteral standar rumah sakit (NERS). Tiga puluh enam subjek dari 60 penderita stroke akut berhasil menjalani 7 hari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian NETP dapat meningkatkan kadar prealbumin serum, menurunkan ekskresi kreatinin urin, dan memperkecil penurunan kadar albumin serum dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 37-43)

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high protein enteral nutrition on protein status in acute stroke patients. The subjects were divided into two groups using block randomisation, i.e. the intervention group that received high protein enteral nutrition (HPEN), and the control group that received enteral hospital diet. Thirty six out of 60 acute stroke patients had completed 7 days of follow-up. The results showed that HPEN have increased prealbumin level, decreased urinary creatinine excretion, and decreased the decline of albumin serum compared to the control group. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 37-43)"

"Latar Belakang: Katabolisme pascalaparotomi menyebabkan imbang nitrogen negatif dan diduga tidak dapat dicegah dengan pemberian nutrisi. Nutrisi parenteral dapat meningkatkan faktor anabolisme. Belum diketahui apakah proporsi asupan energi dan protein dari jalur parenteral terhadap asupan total berkorelasi dengan imbang nitrogen pasien pascalaparotomi elektif.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada pasien pascalaparotomi elektif yang memperoleh supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) antara 3 hari pertama pascalaparotomi. Pemeriksaan nitrogen urea urin (NUU) dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan asupan ≥ 12 kkal/kg BB pada hari ketiga pascalaparotomi. Pasien dengan gangguan ginjal dan hati tidak disertakan dalam penelitian.Hasil: Rerata imbang nitrogen hari ketiga pascalaparotomi sebesar -2,8 ± 3,8 g/hari, dengan median asupan energi 19 (12–34) g/kg BB dan protein 0,9 (0,4–1,9) g/kg BB. Proporsi asupan energi dari jalur parenteral sebesar 0,51 ± 0,26 dan protein 0,59 ± 0,28. Tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan pada proporsi asupan energi dan protein dari jalur parenteral terhadap asupan total dengan imbang nitrogen. Korelasi signifikan ditemukan pada variabel total asupan energi (r = 0,697, p <0,001) dan protein (r = 0,808, p <0,001) dengan imbang nitrogen.Kesimpulan: Pemberian SPN dini penting dalam mencapai total asupan energi dan protein untuk mengimbangi kehilangan nitrogen hari ketiga pascalaparotomi elektif di RSCM meskipun korelasi proporsi asupan nutrisi dengan imbang nitrogen belum tampak pada penelitian ini.

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Background: Post-laparotomy catabolism causes a negative nitrogen balance and is unlikely prevented by nutritional intervention. Parenteral nutrition can increase anabolic factor. It is not known whether the proportion of energy and protein intake from parenteral nutrition to total intake correlates with nitrogen balance in elective post-laparotomy patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in elective post-laparotomy patients who received supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) within first 3 days after laparotomy. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) examination was performed on patients with intake ≥ 12 kcal/kg BW on the third day after laparotomy. Patients with renal and hepatic impairment were excluded. Results: The mean nitrogen balance on the third day post-laparotomy was -2.8 ± 3.8 g/day, with median energy intake of 19 (12–34) g/kg BW and protein 0.9 (0.4– 1.9) g/kg BW. The proportion of energy intake from the parenteral route was 0.51 ± 0.26 and protein was 0.59 ± 0.28. No significant correlation was found in the proportion of energy and protein intake from the parenteral nutrition to total intake with nitrogen balance. Significant correlations were found for total energy intake (r= 0.697, p <0.001) and protein (r= 0.808, p <0.001) with nitrogen balance. Conclusion: Early administration of SPN is important in achieving total energy and protein intake to compensate nitrogen loss on the third day after elective laparotomy although the association between the proportion of nutrition intake and nitrogen balance has not been observed in this study."

"Latar belakangJumlah pasien obesitas yang dirawat di unit perawatan intensif semakin meningkat. Pasien obesitas dalam kondisi sakit kritis berisiko mengalami acute kidney injury (AKI). Belum ada panduan pemberian energi dan protein yang optimal bagi pasien obesitas sakit kritis dengan AKI. Asupan energi dan protein yang tidak adekuat akan memperberat risiko malnutrisi dan sarkopenia sehingga meningkatkan komplikasi, lama rawat, dan mortalitas. Terapi medik gizi yang komprehensif diperlukan untuk mencegah progresivitas penyakit dan penurunan status gizi yang memengaruhi luaran klinis pasien.Kasus:Pasien pada serial kasus ini adalah tiga orang laki-laki dan satu orang perempuan, berusia 58-64 tahun dengan status gizi obesitas, mengalami sakit kritis, dan menderita AKI saat perawatan. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan terapi medik gizi sejak sakit kritis fase akut. Preskripsi energi berdasarkan rule of thumb sedangkan protein berdasarkan nilai imbang nitrogen. Pemberian nutrisi disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis, hemodinamik, dan toleransi asupan pasien.Hasil:Selama perawatan, asupan energi pasien dapat mencapai 30 kkal/kgBB dengan protein 1-1,3 g/kgBB. Dua pasien mengalami imbang nitrogen negatif hingga akhir perawatan karena asupan protein tidak adekuat dan kondisi hiperkatabolisme berat. Dua pasien dengan asupan protein yang cukup (1,1–1,2 g/kgBB) memiliki imbang nitrogen yang normal. Tiga pasien mengalami komplikasi sepsis dan satu pasien menderita ulkus dekubitus. Satu pasien mengalami malnutrisi dan sarkopenia saat perawatan sakit kritis. Dua pasien dengan imbang nitrogen seimbang dapat melewati fase kritis dan pindah ke ruang rawat biasa. Dua pasien dengan imbang nitrogen negatif meninggal dunia saat perawatan di ICU.Kesimpulan:Terapi medik gizi dan pemberian protein yang adekuat pada pasien obes sakit kritis dengan AKI dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis, meningkatkan kesintasan, dan menurunkan mortalitas.

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Background

The prevalence of obesity has increased and is reflected in the intensive care unit (ICU) population. Critically ill obese patients are at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). There are no guidelines for optimal energy and protein delivery for critically ill obese patients with AKI. Inadequate energy and protein intake will exacerbate malnutrition and sarcopenia, thereby increasing complications, length of stay, and mortality. Comprehensive nutritional medical therapy is needed to prevent disease progression and derivation of nutritional status that affects the clinical outcome.

Case

The patients were three men and one woman, aged 58-64 years with obesity, critically ill, and AKI.

All patients received medical nutrition therapy since the acute phase of critical illness.

Energy prescription is based on the rule of thumb while protein is based on the nitrogen balance.

Nutritional administration is adjusted to the clinical condition, hemodynamic, and patient's tolerance.

Result

During treatment, the patient's energy intake reach 30 kcal/kgBW with protein of 1-1,3 g/kgBW.

Two patients experienced negative nitrogen balance at the end of treatment due to inadequate protein intake and severe hypercatabolism.

Two patients with adequate protein intake (1.1–1.2 g/kgBW) had normal nitrogen balance.

Three patients had complications of sepsis and one patient had a pressure ulcer. One patient developed malnutrition and sarcopenia during treatment.

Two patients with a normal nitrogen balance were able to pass the critical phase and step down to the ward.

Two patients with negative nitrogen balance died during intensive care treatment.

Conclusion

Medical nutrition therapy and adequate protein intake in critically ill obese patients with AKI can improve clinical conditions,increase survival, and reduce mortality."

"ABSTRAK Imbang nitrogen pada pasien sakit kritis selalu negatif akibat respon stres. Pada lansia perubahan metabolismenya berisiko memperburuk imbang nitrogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui imbang nitrogen dan hubungannya dengan asupan energi dan protein pada lansia sakit kritis dalam 48 jam pertama di ICU. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, consecutive sampling. Subyek penelitian adalah 26 lansia sakit kritis. Hasil penelitian pada 24 jam I dan II adalah; imbang nitrogen -5,2 (-31,2 − -4,1) g dan -4,5+4,6; asupan energi 78,8+45,0% dan 91,1+50,2% terhadap target; asupan protein 0,57+0,35 g/kgBB/hari dan 0,71+0,37 g/kgBB/hari serta terdapat korelasi positif bermakna antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan energi; r=0,6 dan r=0,5 dan korelasi positif bermakna antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan protein; r=0,5 dan r=0,4. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan bermakna antara imbang nitrogen dengan asupan energi dan protein pada lansia sakit kritis

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ABSTRAK Nitrogen balance in criticaly ill patients tend to be negative due to stress response. In the elderly patients, the metabolic changes risk to worsening nitrogen balance.The aim of this study is to determine nitrogen balance and its relation with energy and protein intake in critically ill elderly patients within 48 hours in ICU. The study was cross sectional, consecutive sampling on 26 subjects. The nitrogen balances were -5.2 (-31.2 − -4.1) g and -4.5+4.6 g; energy intakes were 78.8+45.0% and 91.1+50.2% target; protein intakes were; 0.57+0.35 g/kgBW/d and 0.71+0.37 g/kgBW/d. There were positive correlation between nitrogen balance and energy intake; r=0.6 and r=0.5, and between nitrogen balance and protein intake; r=0.5 and r=0.4 in 24 hours I and II respectively. The conclusion is there were positive correlation between nitrogen balance with energy and protein intakes."