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"Terapi reperfusi dengan IKPP pada pasien IMA-EST bertujuan menyelamatkan miokard dan menurunkan angka kematian. Kembalinya patensi arteri koroner epikardial dengan aliran TIMI derajat 3 tidak selalu berarti terjadinya aliran yang adekuat pada tingkat mikrovaskular, fenomena ini dikenal dengan istilah no reflow atau obstruksi mikrovaskular. Beberapa alat bantu diagnostik untuk mendeteksi kejadian obstuksi mikrovaskular telah banyak dikembangkan, namun sampai saat ini belum didapatkan baku emas. Mengetahui korelasi penilaian myocardial blush kuantitatif dengan program QuBE terhadap ukuran infark, fraksi ejeksi, volume akhir sistolik dan diastolik ventrikel kiri menggunakan SPECT Tc99m Tetrofosmin dalam 4-6 minggu paska IKPP pada pasien IMA-EST. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang. Gambaran angiografi pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani reperfusi dengan IKPP dari bulan Juli-Desember 2011 dievaluasi keberhasilannya mengunakan program ?QuBE?, dan pada minggu ke 4-6 paska IKPP dievaluasi dengan pemeriksaan SPECT Tc99m Tetrofosmin, untuk menilai ukuran infark, fraksi ejeksi, volume akhir sistolik dan diastolik ventrikel kiri. Dari 36 pasien didapatkan proporsi terbanyak berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 94,4%, rata-rata usia pasien 54,3±7,9 tahun. Sebanyak 69,4% pasien dengan diagnosis IMA-EST anterior. Uji Spearman menunjukkan korelasi yang cukup antara nilai QuBE terhadap ukuran infark (-0,594 dan p < 0,001) dan fraksi ejeksi (r 0,531 dan P 0,001), volume akhir sistolik (r -0,496 dan P 0,002) dan volume akhir diastolik (r -0,435 dan P 0,008) ventrikel kiri. Sub analisis pada ATI LAD juga memberikan korelasi yang cukup pada keempat variabel tersebut, namun tidak pada ATI RCA. Uji multivariat parsial mengunakan kontrol variabel; usia, waktu iskemik, ATI, multivessel disease, faktor risiko PJK, kategori killip dan IMT, tetap menunjukkan nilai QuBE berkorelasi cukup dengan ukuran infark (r -0,441 dan p 0,019). Penilaian myocardial blush kuantitaif dengan program QuBE memiliki korelasi yang cukup terhadap ukuran infark, namun tidak menunjukkan korelasi terhadap fraksi ejeksi, volume akhir sistolik dan diastolik ventrikel kiri menggunakan SPECT Tc99m Tetrofosmin pada minggu ke 4-6 paska IKPP pada pasien IMAEST.

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Primary PCI as a reperfusion therapy in STEMI patients is aimed to salvage myocardium and reduce mortality. Successful restoration epicardial coronary artery patency with TIMI 3 flow has not always lead to adequate flow at microvascular level, these phenomena is known as no reflow or microvascular obstruction. Several diagnostic tools were developed to detect MVO, but until now there is no gold standard.

knowing correlation between Quantitative Myocardial blush using QuBE program with infarct size, ejection fraction, systolic and diastolic volume of the left ventricle using SPECT Tc99m Tetrofosmin at 4-6 weeks after PPCI of STEMI patients.

This study is designed as a cross sectional study. Selected angiographic result of STEMI patients that underwent primary PCI from July?December 2011 at The National Cardiac Center Harapan Kita were evaluated directly with the QuBE program. The infarct size, ejection fraction, end systolic and end diastolic volume of left ventricle were evaluated using SPECT Tc99m Tetrofosmin at 4-6 weeks after PPCI.

Thirty six consecutive patients were enrolled. Proportion of men is 94.4% and age average of 54.3±7.9 years old. Most of patients were diagnosed with anterior STEMI (69.4%). Spearmen analysis obtained a moderate correlations between QuBE score and infarct size (r -0.594, p < 0.001), left ventricle ejection fraction (r 0.531, P 0.001), end diastolic volume (r -0.496, P 0.002), end systolic volume (r -0.435, P 0.008). Sub analysis based on IRA at LAD revealed the similar result of the four variables, but not with IRA at RCA. Partial multivariate analysis adjusted with age, ischemic time, IRA, multivessel disease, CAD risk factors, Killip class and BMI consistent showed moderate correlation of QuBE score with infarct size (r -0,441, p 0.019).

Quantitative Myocardial blush using QuBE program revealed a moderate correlation with infarct size, but not with ejection fraction, systolic and diastolic volume of the left ventricle using SPECT Tc99m Tetrofosmin at 4-6 weeks after PPCI of STEMI patent."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Pada masa sekarang, reperfusi miokardium dengan trombolitikatau intervensi koroner perkutan primer ( IKPP) adalah terapi utama pada pasienyang mengalami IMA EST. Tujuan utama IKPP untuk mengembalikan patensiarteri epikardial yang mengalami infark dan mencapai reperfusi mikrovaskularsecepat mungkin. Namun keberhasilan mengembalikan patensi dari arteri koronerepikardial setelah oklusi tidak selalu menjamin cukupnya reperfusi ke levelmikrovaskular, yang disebut sebagai fenomena no reflow atau microvascularobstruction (MVO). Terdapat dua mekanisme yang berperan pada no reflowyaitu disfungsi mikrovaskular dan kerusakan intergritas mikrostruktur endotel.Kerusakan endotel dapat diakibatkan berbagai hal, diantara nya jejas reperfusiyang akan mengaktivasi netrofil. Netrofil teraktivasi akan mengeluarkan radikalbebas oksigen, enzim proteolitik dan mediator proinflamasi yang secara langsungmenyebabkan kerusakan jaringan dan endotel. Trimetazidine adalah obatantiangina yang dapat menurunkan netrofil yang dimediasi oleh trauma jaringansetelah jantung mengalami iskemia. Akan tetapi belum diketahui secara luaspengaruh pemberian trimetazidine terhadap akumulasi netrofil pada kejadian IMAEST yang dilakukan tindakan IKPP.Metode : Sebanyak 68 pasien IMA EST yang menjalani IKPP dipilih secarakonsekutif sejak Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2015 diambil saat masuk UGD,dilakukan pengambilan darah vena perifer untuk menghitung jumlah netrofilsebelum IKPP, kemudian pasien menjalani IKPP. Setelah 6 jam paska IKPPdilakukan pengambilan kembali darah vena perifer untuk menghitung kembalijumlah netrofil paska IKPP. Hitung netrofil diperiksa dengan Sysmex 2000i.Perhitungan statistik dinilai dengan SPSS 17.Hasil : Dari 68 subyek, dibagi menjadi 28 subyek pada kelompok yang diberikantrimetazidine dan 40 subyek yang diberikan plasebo. Tidak didapatkan perbedaanjumlah netrofil pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol baik sebelummaupun sesudah IKPP, netrofil pre IKPP pada trimetazidine vs plasebo 10.71 ±3.263 vs 10.99 ± 3.083,nilai p:0,341. Nilai netrofil post IKPP pada trimetazidinevs plasebo 9.49 ± 3.135 vs 9.92 ± 3.463,nilai p:0,664.Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat penurunan jumlah netrofil pasca pemberiantrimetazidine pada pasien IMA EST yang menjalani IKPP.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundNowadays, reperfusion strategy, either with thrombolytic or Primary PercutaneousCoronary Intervention (PPCI), is the core treatment for Acute ST-SegmentElevation Myocardial Infarct (STEMI). The goal of PPCI is to restore the patencyof infarcted epicardial artery and establish microvascular reperfusion as soon aspossible so that necrotic myocardial area can be reduced. However, successfulrestoration of infarcted epicardial artery is not always followed by enoughreperfusion to the microvascular part. Trimetazidine is an antianginal drug, canreduce neutrophil which was mediated by tissue trauma during ischemic heartcondition. Trimetazidine is currently approved and widely known as antianginaldrug which affect metabolism. Unfortunately, its influence over neutrophilaccumulation in acute STEMI patients which undergo PPCI is not wellunderstood.MethodThere were 68 consecutive-selected acute STEMI patients which undergo PPCIsince January 2015 until Juni 2015. They were admitted in emergency department.Peripheral vein blood sampling was taken to measure neutrophil before PPCI wasperformed. Six hour after PPCI was conducted, another peripheral vein bloodsampling was taken for another neutrophil measurement. Neutrophil measurementwas performed with Sysmex 2000i. Statistical analysis was performed by usingSPSS 17.ResultAmong 68 patients, divided in two groups, trimetazidine 28 patients and plasebo40 patients. There were no differences amount of neutrophils in trimetazidine orplasebo group, before or after PPCI. Neutrophil pre PPCI in trimetazidine vsplasebo group 10.71 ± 3.263 vs 10.99 ± 3.083, p:0,341. Neutrophil post PPCI intrimetazidine vs plasebo group 9.49 ± 3.135 vs 9.92 ± 3.463, p:0,664.ConclusionThere were no reducing amount of neutrophils after trimetazidine was given inpatients STEMI which underwent PPCI., BackgroundNowadays, reperfusion strategy, either with thrombolytic or Primary PercutaneousCoronary Intervention (PPCI), is the core treatment for Acute ST-SegmentElevation Myocardial Infarct (STEMI). The goal of PPCI is to restore the patencyof infarcted epicardial artery and establish microvascular reperfusion as soon aspossible so that necrotic myocardial area can be reduced. However, successfulrestoration of infarcted epicardial artery is not always followed by enoughreperfusion to the microvascular part. Trimetazidine is an antianginal drug, canreduce neutrophil which was mediated by tissue trauma during ischemic heartcondition. Trimetazidine is currently approved and widely known as antianginaldrug which affect metabolism. Unfortunately, its influence over neutrophilaccumulation in acute STEMI patients which undergo PPCI is not wellunderstood.MethodThere were 68 consecutive-selected acute STEMI patients which undergo PPCIsince January 2015 until Juni 2015. They were admitted in emergency department.Peripheral vein blood sampling was taken to measure neutrophil before PPCI wasperformed. Six hour after PPCI was conducted, another peripheral vein bloodsampling was taken for another neutrophil measurement. Neutrophil measurementwas performed with Sysmex 2000i. Statistical analysis was performed by usingSPSS 17.ResultAmong 68 patients, divided in two groups, trimetazidine 28 patients and plasebo40 patients. There were no differences amount of neutrophils in trimetazidine orplasebo group, before or after PPCI. Neutrophil pre PPCI in trimetazidine vsplasebo group 10.71 ± 3.263 vs 10.99 ± 3.083, p:0,341. Neutrophil post PPCI intrimetazidine vs plasebo group 9.49 ± 3.135 vs 9.92 ± 3.463, p:0,664.ConclusionThere were no reducing amount of neutrophils after trimetazidine was given inpatients STEMI which underwent PPCI.]"

"Latar Belakang: Perbaikan dalam sistem, teknologi, dan farmakoterapi telah mengubah prognosis secara signifikan pada pasien infark miokard dengan elevasi segmen ST (IMAEST) selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Sekitar sepertiga pasien yang menjalani intervensi koroner perkutan primer (IKPP) berisiko mengalami no-reflow (NR), suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan perfusi miokard yang buruk meskipun aliran koroner epikardial berhasil dibuka. NR berdampak signifikan pada luaran klinis termasuk luas infark yang lebih besar, gagal jantung, dan kematian. Peningkatan D-Dimer dan Fibrinogen berkaitan dengan meningkatnya risiko NR. Beberapa publikasi telah menyimpulkan rasio D-Dimer dan Fibrinogen (DFR) memiliki spesifisitas yang lebih baik. Belum ada penelitian yang menilai hubungan DFR dengan NR pada pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani IKPP. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara DFR dengan perfusi mikrovakular koroner yang dinilai dengan Quantitative Blush Evaluator (QuBE) pada pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani IKPP. Metode: Kami mengevaluasi 61 pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani IKPP dan memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan penilaian myocardial blush menggunakan QuBE. Sampel pemeriksaan D-Dimer dan Fibrinogen diambil saat admisi. DFR dinilai hubungannya dengan nilai QuBE yang dikategorikan menjadi dua kelompok (QuBE <9 dan ≥9 unit arbiter). Hasil: Pasien dengan DFR ≥0,149 berisiko untuk memiliki nilai QuBE <9 unit arbiter sebesar 18,32 kali lebih besar dibandingkan pasien dengan DFR <0,149 (IK 95% 2,49-134,68; p 0.004). Nilai batas DFR 0,149 memiliki sensitivitas 54,5% dan spesifisitas 82% untuk menggambarkan no-reflow pasca-IKPP (AUC= 0,665).

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Background : Improvements in systems, technology, and pharmacotherapy have

significantly changed the prognosis of STEMI patient over the past few decades.

Approximately one third of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

(PPCI) are at risk for no-reflow (NR), a condition characterized by poor myocardial perfusion

despite successful opening of epicardial blood flow. NR has significant impact on clinical

outcomes including greater infarct size, heart failure, and death. Increased D-Dimer and

Fibrinogen are associated with an increased risk of NR events. Several publications have

concluded that the D-Dimer and Fibrinogen ratio (DFR) has better specificity. There are no

studies that have assessed the relationship between DFR and NR in STEMI patients

undergoing PPCI.

Objective: This study aims to determine the association between DFR and coronary

microvascular perfusion using the Quantitative Blush Evaluator (QuBE) in STEMI patients

undergoing PPCI.

Methods: We evaluated 61 STEMI patients who underwent PPCI and met the criteria for

myocardial blush assessment using the QuBE program. D-Dimer and Fibrinogen examination

samples were taken at admission. DFR was assessed for its association with the QuBE score

results which were divided into two groups (QuBE <9 arbitrary units and ≥9 arbitrary units).

Results: Patients with DFR ≥0.149 had a 11.26 times greater risk of having QuBE <9 arbitrary

units than patients with DFR <0.149 (CI 95% 2,49-134,68; p 0.004). The DFR cut point of

0.149 had a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 82% for predicting NR (AUC= 0.665; p

0.019). "